Chapter 35 Jin Zhangzong - Wanyan Jing
Wan Yanjing (1168-1208), small character Ma Dage.Grandson of Sejong.Sejong died and ascended the throne.Historical records: Wan Yanjing was studious, good at writing, generous and gentle, and was favored by the government and the public.He inherited the ambition of Emperor Shizong, corrected the law, revised the criminal law, and established the official system.Order the literal translation of the Jurchen script into Chinese characters.Zhihong Wenyuan translated and wrote scriptures, respected Confucius and read scriptures, which promoted cultural exchanges between Jurchen and Han people.Advocate the intermarriage between Jurchen and Han nationality, and adopt Han system for ceremonial and music costumes, which promotes the integration of nationalities.He died and was buried in Daoling (now northeast of Dafangshan, Fangshan County, Beijing).The temple name is Xuanzong, and the posthumous title is Emperor Shengxiao.
Wan Yanjing loves Chinese, and is the emperor of the Jin Dynasty with the highest Chinese culture. He is not only good at calligraphy and painting, but also a collector of calligraphy and painting.
A few Xiangjiang dragons are thin.
Jinyuan Jurchen aristocrats ruled the Central Plains. If counting from the Jingkang period, it has been more than 60 years since Zhangzong Wanyanjing.The Jurchen tribe used to hunt and practice martial arts for a living, and they were good at horseback kung fu. After moving to the Central Plains, they were attracted and influenced by Han culture and gradually "Sinicized".One of its manifestations is the substantial improvement of the cultural level, especially the literary level.For example, "ci", which is a modern style poem with exquisite form and strict rhythm, Jurchen has already been able to master it proficiently, even compared with the contemporary Southern Song people, it may not be inferior.Jin Zhangzong's poem chanting fans is an example.
"Jugu fan" is now the folding fan.Folding fans use bamboo, bone, etc. as sutras, and paste silk, paper, etc. as the fan surface. They can be unfolded and folded, and are easy to carry when going out. Therefore, they have become the personal belongings of men, especially male literati.Compared with his ancestors, Jin Zhangzong was already "cultured", so he became more interested in folding fans rather than wearing arrows.
"Xiangjiang keel" refers to the fan bone.Because it is used by the queen, it can be polished and called "keel bone".The fan bone is probably made of bamboo, from bamboo to "Xiangfei Bamboo", and then to "Xiangjiang".This Jurchen emperor is very familiar with Han culture and admires it very much, so he wants to claim a noble background for his fan. "It's a clever way to toss, stacked to make Xiangbo wrinkles." When the fan is folded, it is a rectangular three-dimensional shape, and when it is unfolded, it becomes a fan-shaped plane. "Xiangbo" comes from the association of Xiangjiang River, but it may also be the scenery of Xiangjiang River embroidered on the fan.When the fans are folded, they seem to wrinkle Xiangbo.This imagination is also considered strange.The fan surface may be made of thicker silk fabric, with "golden thread" on it, that is, "small tin" woven with pure gold thread. "Tian" originally refers to handicrafts in which metals and shells are inlaid on utensils. Here it refers to the three-dimensional and metallic patterns bounded by gold threads on the fan surface.This pattern is "Flower Grass Bucket".The flowers and plants are colorful and exquisite.The fan is so exquisite, and it is even more beautiful with the "concentric buttons" as decoration. The "concentric button" is suspected to come from the association of "concentric knot".This "buckle" may have two functions: when the fan is opened, it acts as a fan pendant, which is hung under the fan and sways when it is shaken to comfort the owner's loneliness in summer; Put it on the head to prevent the fan from spreading.
In the upper column of the Ci, the objects of the chanting are described one by one by Fu method.Write the appearance of bamboo in one sentence.The second sentence describes the wrinkled appearance of the fan when it is not fully opened.Three sentences describe the exquisiteness of the fan pattern when it is opened.The four sentences describe the fan pendant and refer to the appearance when it is folded again.The lower part of the poem describes a typical detail of the fan owner using the fan.
"Golden Palace Bead Curtain" is the royal atmosphere. "Leisure", the emperor has a lot of things to do every day, and it is rare to have time to shake his fan. "Yongri", the summer is long and hot, so it is suspected of "Yong".Fortunately, with this fan in hand, after shaking it a few times, there will be a grasp of the breeze, and I will rush to my arms. Realm, but it is also a joy to cool off.Who knows that this joy will not last long. "Suddenly heard the propaganda and must play urgently", and was "joying for a while", but the ministers had important military affairs to play urgently. It seems that the emperor is also living very tired.Reluctantly, he had no choice but to "lightly fade the beloved fan into the fragrant sleeve".The Shangdian office is still reluctant to leave it behind, which shows how much this fan is favored.
Although this poem does not have any profound meaning, it still has some characteristics.The poetry of chanting things pays attention to neither sticking nor detachment, and neither being nor leaving, which is the so-called "you can't get in without sustenance, and you can't get out of special sustenance" (Zhou Ji's "Preface to the Catalog of Selected Poems of the Four Schools of Song Dynasty").In this poem chanting fan, its description is between likeness and non-likeness, and the meaning it entrusts is also between what seems to be and what seems to be nothing, so it can get the magic of chanting things.Using "Xiangjiang keel" as a metaphor for the fan bone, and "Xiangbo wrinkle" to describe the folding of the fan, all of them are between similarity and non-resemblance; .Especially the concluding sentence "fading in gently" makes people think endlessly.Fu Yi's "Fan Inscription" "knows how to advance and retreat, and where to come from at any time", which expresses the pure virtue of the fan.The same is true for this fan: when "going out", there is "a clear breeze", and when "going in", it "fades in gently", isn't it also a kind of knowing how to advance and retreat!Chanting the virtue of fans is also the virtue of chanting people.But when it came to a specific person, it became blurred.We can't say that Jin Zhangzong also had the living thought of "entering and exiting the place" at this time, but we can't say that this poem has no meaning.
Another feature of this poem is "real".Just like Kuang Zhouyi's "Hui Feng Ci Hua" Supplement Two said: "The real characters are the bones of the words, the feelings are true and the scene is true, and the writing must be good. Jin Zhangzong chanted Jugu Fan and said: Suddenly heard the rumors, you must play urgently. Gently fade into the fragrance Luoxiu. This chanting of objects and poems, describing the scene of the courtiers at the right time, is indeed a chanting of the Jugu fan, it is indeed Zhang Zong's chanting of the Jugu fan; it is about other people, and it cannot be moved, so it is good."
In the middle of the golden world, there is a view of the golden circle, and in the green lotus, the Brahma Palace.
Jin Zhangzong not only wrote many imposing court poems, but influenced by Buddhism and Taoism, he sometimes wrote a few noble and refined poems with some foreign atmosphere. "Yangzhi" is one of them.
Yangshan, seventy miles west of Jinzhongdu (now Beijing), has a flat-topped mountain peak in the middle, like a lotus throne; beside it, there are five peaks arched and guarded, Jiuduxiu, Cuiwei, Zigai, Miaogao, and Ziwei; the treasure temple of Xiaduochan Temple; A big tourist attraction.According to "Chang'an Ke You Ji", in the early days of Jin Dading, there were five peaks and eight pavilions built on Yangshan Mountain. Later Jin Zhangzong often came here to visit, and there were poems such as "Yangshan" carved on stones as souvenirs.
"Doushi Scenery in the Golden Realm".Gold, or from the association of "golden wheel".Buddhists call the earth a golden wheel.When the sun shines on Yangshan, it is a golden world.The realm of form is one of the three realms of desire, form, and colorlessness in Buddhism.Breaking away from vulgarity, high and gross desires, and a little more subtle imagery, this is the realm of form.Yangshan in the sun is majestic and majestic, which can be called the "golden world". "Dushita" is the fourth day among the six heavens in the Desire Realm. It is a transliteration of Sanskrit, meaning wonderful feet and contentment. "Dousita Heavenly Palace" was "borrowed" by Taoism as the residence of the Supreme Lord, where Monkey King once made a big fuss.This is something to say later, but it can also be seen that Yangshan is really a good place to go.In the opening sentence, "Golden Realm" describes the color and appearance of Yangshan Mountain, and "Doushijing" refers to the beauty of the height of Yangshan Mountain. "The Vatican Palace in the green lotus" is a counterpoint to the previous sentence, and it is a solid and ingenious match. "Lotus", the Tathagata Buddha Seat is a huge lotus flower, which is a relic of the ancient Indian venereal worship.The main peak of Yangshan Mountain is Pingdingshan, which looks like a lotus throne from a distance.Under the sun, the Lotus Mountain is covered with golden light and dyed with a layer of jasper. There are pavilions and temples on it, just like a palace of the Brahma king.
One or two sentences write about the daytime scenery.Three or four sentences turn to the night scene. "Crane" is the pet of Buddhism and Taoism.According to the "Mahaparinirvana Sutra", the Tathagata Buddha passed away between the two Sala trees. The trees bloomed for a while, and the woods turned white, just like white cranes. Therefore, the place where the Buddha passed away is called "Crane Forest".The dew of the crane forest is especially a symbol of the nobility of Buddhists and even ordinary lay people.The Southern Song Dynasty Luo Dajing has the title "Helin Yulu".Taoism also regards the crane as a symbol of the fairy Qin Hengchang, and the Crane Forest Clear Dew has become a magic formula for prolonging life.Zhang Zonghua used this allusion to describe the night scene of the third watch with clouds on the mountain, with clear dew, cranes, and bright moon, all three of which are pure and noble. At this night, breathing in the wind and drinking the dew, and gaining the essence of heaven and earth, how pleasant and refreshing!With such a state, the honor of the king in the south and the charm of the thirty-six palaces are so insignificant!
If this poem is limited to the situation chanted in the first three sentences, it is nothing more than the general deceitful words of monks and Taoists.The focus of this poem is all on the fourth sentence - "the tiger roars, the wind spreads across the forests and valleys"!The tiger is the king of beasts. "Northern History Zhang Dinghe Biography" has a saying: "The roar of the tiger grows, the dragon soars and the clouds rise, and the heroes and sages work hard, and each depends on the time." In the middle of the night, in the sparse forest, suddenly heard a gust of wind, A big worm jumped out and screamed wildly, and the thousands of mountains and ravines immediately reverberated, like a strong eight-level wind. "The tiger roars in the sparse forest, and the ten thousand rectification winds flourish" is a major theme of Chinese painting.In Lin Shu, the roar of the tiger can resonate with the sound of Lin Tao, and there are thousands of ravines in the mountains, so the sound is even louder.In this realm, the majesty of the Tiger King and the solitude of the realm are just a sign of the autocratic monarchy with Chinese characteristics.The emperors enjoy the supreme and terrifying power, and at the same time, the burden of this power makes them envy the tiger's unfettered, free and refined life from the bottom of their hearts.Longing for power, but unwilling to take responsibility, this deformed idea produced by the complementary culture of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism deeply penetrates everyone's heart.The emperors, including Jin Zhangzong, were naturally not exempt.
In the middle of the golden world, there is a view of the golden circle, and in the green lotus, the Brahma Palace.
Five clouds, gold and green arches in the morning glow, and the pavilions are towering and towering.