Chapter 33 Song Gaozong - Zhao Gou
Zhao Gou (1107-1187), courtesy name Deji, was the ninth son of Huizong and younger brother of Qinzong. In 1127, the Jin soldiers captured Bianjing, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished, and fled to Nanjing (now Shangqiu South, Henan Province) to ascend the throne.Historical records: Zhao Gouzi is enlightened by nature, eager to learn and memorize, recites more than a thousand words a day, and draws his bow to one stone and five buckets.At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Gang was appointed as the prime minister, and the soldiers and people were mobilized to fight against the gold, which greatly boosted morale.Soon, Li Gang was dismissed, and Huang Qianshan, a capitulator, was employed, and the situation of the Anti-Japanese War was reversed.He once appointed Yue Fei to fight against Jin, and later trusted Qin Hui to compromise with Jin. In 1161, the Jin soldiers invaded the south on a large scale, and Zhao Gou was forced to announce his abdication and proclaim himself the Supreme Emperor.He died of illness in Lin'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), and was buried in Yongsiling (now southeast of Shaoxing, Zhejiang).The temple name is Gaozong.
Zhao Gouxi wrote poems. "Gengxi Poetry Talk" said his "Fisherman's Ci": "Fresh and simple, with the style of "Li Sao"." There is "Yu Zhi Ji" handed down.
A lake of spring water is born at night, and several stacks of spring mountains are farther and farther.
"Quan Song Ci" contains fifteen poems by Zhao Gou, all of which are "Fisherman's Ci" written at one time.There is a small preface before this group of words: "On July 10, the first year of Shaoxing, I went to Kuaiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), and because I read the fifteen poems of Zhang Zhihe's "Fisherman's Ci" written by Huang Tingjian, the rhyme was the same as that of the opera, and I bestowed it on Xin Yongzong. .” The preface explained the time and reason for writing this Ci, and it was Zhang Zhihe’s "Fisherman Ci" that aroused his interest in writing.Zhang Zhihe was a native of Jinhua (now Zhejiang) in the Tang Dynasty. He once served as a recorder for the Zuo Jinwu Guard and joined the army.He was demoted because of something, so he gave up his official career, called himself "Yanbo Fisherman", lived in seclusion for a long time, wandered among the mountains and rivers of Taihu Lake, and wrote "Fisherman's Ci" by learning folk fisherman's songs.Zhang Ci uses the ancient and indifferent sound to describe the leisurely and comfortable taste of the mountains and forests, expressing the feeling of lightness and tranquility.At that time, there were twenty-five poems by Yan Zhenqing, Lu Hongzhe, Xu Shiheng, Li Chengju, Liu Zongyuan, etc., and there were also poems by Emperor Saga of Japan, Prince Tomoko, and Shino Sadazu.Su Shi and Huang Tingjian even slightly added their words and sentences, and filled them in the words of "Huanxisha" and "Partridge Sky".When Zhao Gou went to Kuaiji and saw Zhang Zhihe Yufu's poems written by Huang Tingjian, he would naturally write and write them.
There are only five pieces of Zhang Zhihe's "Fisherman's Poetry" in existence. See "Full Tang and Five Dynasties". I have to go back." Writing about the life of the fisherman in spring is the most popular.Zhao Gou's Poetry for a Fisherman also describes the life of a fisherman in spring.
"A lake of spring water is born at night, and several stacks of spring mountains are far away and more horizontal." The beginning of the sentence is a couplet, and the background of the landscape is described with a light brush: a lake of spring water, the night tide is long, the soup is melted, clear and green; a few touches of spring mountains, the distance Overlapping, the green hills beyond the mountains, the water and the sky.This picture is light and vast, like a green landscape.The mountains and waters are far away, and although the colors are light, they are full of vitality; the mountains and waters are far away, and the realm is open, creating a quiet and peaceful atmosphere.After layer upon layer of rendering, the author sends the characters into the picture - "The smoking boat is small, but the fishing line is light".These two sentences outline the image of the fisherman from the side.
He is driving a flat boat, going in and out of the vast expanse of mist, the vast expanse of blue waves, misty mist, rich in both the vastness of the vastness, and the beauty of the mist; It's fun too.This image of a fisherman driving a boat and holding a fishing line is the fisherman in the eyes of literati. He is full of a secluded, leisurely taste, and a contented spiritual world. He is by no means fighting against dangerous waves in real life. Raw fisherman.It is precisely because the author sees the life of the fisherman through the eyes of a literati on the sidelines that he praised in the concluding sentence: "Won the eternal fame in leisure".This is a pen and ink point, expressing the author's yearning for the hermit mountain forest.
As the lord of a country and the lord of all peoples, why does Zhao Gou yearn for seclusion in mountains and forests?When the author wrote this poem, he was twenty-four years old and had just ascended the throne for four or five years. He should have been vigorous and vigorous, but he lived in an era when the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed, his father and brother were captured, and the Jin people were arrogant and repeatedly invaded. .One year before writing this word, the main force of Jin soldiers invaded Jiankang (now Nanjing), Lin'an (now Hangzhou), occupied Mingzhou (now Yinxian County, Zhejiang Province), and broke Dinghai (now Zhenhai County). The author, who was on the throne, had to Fleeing to the sea, swaying in the turbulent waves.Fortunately, when Jin Bing was chasing across the sea, he was defeated by the Song army. Jin Bing returned to Huaidong, and the situation in the Southern Song Dynasty eased slightly.In this kind of ups and downs, how could he not envy the peaceful and comfortable life of a fisherman?Why didn't he draw a "picture of fishing alone in spring" with a wonderful brush to express his feeling of seclusion?
"Fisherman's Ci" is also called "Fisherman's Song".The name of the Tang Jiaofang song.Zhang Zhihe created the monotonous style, and Gu Yi and Sun Guangxian of the Five Dynasties created the double-tone style.Zhao Gou used Zhang Zhihe's monotonous style, with twenty-seven characters, five sentences, and Siping rhyme.
In the evening, the misty forest is pale and green, and the autumn moon on the riverside is already bright.
This word describes the autumn life of the fisherman.The first sentence depicts an autumn scene with beautiful brushstrokes: the sunset is in the west, the smoke is caged and the trees are far away, the mountains are green, the autumn water is rippling, and the autumn moon is bright and clear, so quiet and beautiful!The author is good at describing the scenery with refined and accurate words. The autumn scenery written in these two sentences not only changes in space, but also changes in time. "Thin Evening Smoky Forest and Dan Cui Wei" depicts the autumn scenery in the evening.The word "smoke" is used to modify the woods, which vividly expresses the hazy beauty of the trees in the twilight when the evening is approaching. "Cuiwei" refers to the verdant and verdant mountains, and adding the word "light" also shows the elegant appearance of the green mountains at dusk. "The autumn moon on the riverside is already bright", the brush is shifted, and the space changes from the emerald green mountains and smoke forest to the autumn moon on the riverside, which also shows the passage of time from evening to night.Here, the autumn river is clearer and clearer under the bright autumn moon, and the autumn moon is brighter and brighter under the reflection of the autumn river.
After meticulously depicting the background of the autumn night, the author also brings the protagonist, a fisherman who "looks far away and fits the sky", into the picture.He let go of the rudder, and the flat boat floated on the vast blue waves. He adapted to the laws of nature and had no pursuit.The fisherman described by the author is not "fishing alone in the cold river and snow", nor is he "going in and out of the storm".Of course, this image is also the image of a fisherman in the eyes of literati. Through this image of peace and security, the author expresses his yearning for a comfortable and secluded life and his weariness for a bumpy and turbulent life.The author is at a time when the country is in crisis, his father and brother were taken captive to the north, the Jin soldiers repeatedly committed crimes, and the big family often moved, often like a bereaved dog.For example, in February of the third year of Jianyan (1129), Jin Potian Changjun (now Tianchang County, Anhui), Zhao Gou got the report, that is, he fled in clothes and helmets, the palace people scattered, the city was in chaos, the army and the people fought and ran, and the dead were invincible. number.Gou fled to Guazhou Town (in the south of today's Hanjiang County), and then crossed the river by boat to Jingkou (now Zhenjiang City).At that time, the eunuchs had not arrived, and there were only a few servants in the house, and the imperial army had no followers, and the followers had no bedding. At this time, Zhao Gou, the king of a country, only lay down and covered each half with sable fur to keep out the cold.Within a few days, he ran from Jingkou to Qiantang again.Within a month, several bumps escaped.In March, when the shock subsides, Miaofu and Liu Zhengyan, who are in charge, launched a mutiny and forced the establishment of the Zen seat. The Sui Chan was located in Zhao Fu, the 3-year-old prince. Sighing on the bamboo chair.It was not until April, when Qin Wangshi arrived, that he was restored.How could this turbulent life, these years of uncertain life and death not shock and tire him?
The concluding sentence "Idle clouds fly in pieces under the water" further highlights the fisherman's leisure, self-sufficiency and self-satisfaction with the artistic image of idle clouds. The word "water bottom" shows that the image of leisurely clouds and unwinding freely is the silhouette in the water that a fisherman sees when he bows his head while riding a boat.In addition to idle clouds, there may be other silhouettes in the water, but the author cut them off, leaving only "leisure clouds"; It also powerfully reveals the fisherman's mental state of leisure and self-pleasure. "Pian Duan Fei" is particularly exquisitely written. It not only vividly outlines the tendency of white clouds to gather and disperse, and flies lightly, but also hints at the speed of the boat from the image of idle clouds flying freely.This lingering white cloud entrusts the author's thoughts of leaving the world, and makes him get rid of the troubles of worldly affairs and convert to the embrace of nature.
At dusk, towards winter and spring, high chariots and four horses take advantage of the dynasty.
① Zhu: support.
② sleepy: round barn.
Although the word is named "Fisherman", it does not describe the life of the fisherman, but discusses the wealth and splendor of the dignitaries with a pen as a contrast.This is unique in conception and conception.
From the beginning of the poem, it tried its best to exaggerate the luxurious style of the dignitaries in terms of carriage, horses, food and housing: they drove four horses in high carts year after year, day after day, lived in golden houses, and stocked up with grain.In the word, the double word "twilight and morning" is used, and a "complex" character is added between "winter" and "spring", highlighting that this luxurious life goes round and round and seems to never end. However, there is a word "take advantage" in the word , I pointed out the time limit of this kind of life, that is, I can only "take advantage of" when I am an official in the court, otherwise I will lose everything.Prosperity comes with power and disappears with power.It is the bed full of wats in those days, but the shabby rooms are empty today;The word "take advantage of" is used as a finishing touch, pointing out that all the glory and wealth in the world are just passing clouds.The author's sense of the vicissitudes of the world, the ups and downs, the ups and downs, has his deep experience of blood and tears: Father and brother, who were prominent monarchs yesterday, have become prisoners of the golden man today.What about yourself?A few years ago, he was persuaded by the officials to ascend the throne. Three years later, he was mutinied and forced to abdicate the crown prince.Just put on the dragon robe and sit on the dragon bed, the spring breeze is blowing; in an instant, the door is open, and the bamboo raft is riding, and the new wind is howling.Just now all the officials came to congratulate, and the bell rang to eat; in a blink of an eye, like a dog in mourning, it rode into the sea.In front of the people, the honor of a country receives everything from the four directions; in front of the golden people, he worships his cousin and calls him his nephew, and accepts silver and silk.Everything is up and down, upside down.In this chaos and contradictions, the author wanted to get out of the world and hide in the mountains and forests, so he praised in the concluding sentence: "I know that Jianghan is a sober man".He believes that all living beings who run around in the officialdom and power and pursue fame and fortune are intoxicated, and only the fisherman who hides in the mountains and forests and enjoys the breeze and bright moon is the only sober person. "Nazhi Jianghan alone awake man" is not only a compliment to the fisherman, but also a yearning for a hermit life and a denial of the secular society.The author's ups and downs of life, which makes him transcend class limitations in his poems, praise the fisherman in many places, such as in "The Fisherman's Poems No. 11": "Who said that the fisherman is a fool. Floating home and worrying about nothingness", of course, the praise of the fisherman focuses on his carefree life, and he lives like "the moon in the flute, the body in the wine, and the general person with no self in his head" ("Fisherman's Poems Part 10") Enjoy a comfortable life.
The prominent feature of this word is to enter the word with discussion.Shen Deqian said in the Qing Dynasty: "People say that poetry is about temperament, not about discussion. The works of "Shu Xiang", "Yong Huai" and "Zhuge" in the near style are purely discussion. But the discussion must be carried out with emotion and rhyme, and should not be close to the face of the father." People are still moved when they read the discussion throughout the "Fisherman's Ci". One of the reasons is that it expresses the poet's true feelings, and the deep and strong feelings are naturally exciting; second, the words discussed in the poem are not concepts. Instead, abstract concepts such as wealth and prosperity are expressed with the images of "high chariots and four horses", "golden pillar houses" and "millet surplus", so that the combination of discussion and images will of course have a moving power.
The comments in the poems include "non-colored phases" and "colored phases". "Coloring" is like an actor performing on stage, showing his appearance to others.That is to say, the author expresses his own meaning; "no coloring" means that the author does not express his own meaning; the former writes clearly, while the latter writes implicitly.The first half of the word is a lining pen, and the conclusion points out the purpose of the word. This argument is naturally "colorful", but this argument also contains a lot of emotion, full of gloomy and frustrated beauty, and intriguing!
Numerous wild rice ① cattail ② lotus root flowers, Ou ③ song lightly pours the flow of clouds.
