Chapter 23 Wu Zetian, Emperor of the Holy Gods of Wu Zhou
Wu Zetian (624-705), who became emperor, changed her name to Zhao (zhao), and was born in Wenshui, Bingzhou.Empress Gaozong of Tang Dynasty.Wu Zetian was selected into the palace by Emperor Taizong at the age of fourteen and was named a talented person.After Taizong's death, he shaved his hair and became a nun.Later, Emperor Gaozong was summoned to the palace again, first made Zhaoyi, and then made queen, and participated in the government affairs.Gaozong died of illness, Prince Li Xian succeeded to the throne, that is, Zhongzong, and Wu Zetian came to the court as the empress dowager.Soon, Zhongzong was abolished, and Li Dan, the fourth son, was established, namely Ruizong, who was good at government affairs. In 690, Ruizong was deposed, the country was renamed "Zhou", and she called herself "Emperor of the Holy God", becoming the only female emperor in Chinese history.Historical records: Empress Wu Zetian was clever and intelligent, with multiple powers.During his reign, he set up palace examinations, opened martial arts, employed people outside the rules, called talented literati into the palace, focused on agricultural production, and improved ethnic relations, which consolidated the achievements of the "Zhenguan Reign". In 705, Emperor Zhongzong was restored and was revered as Zetian Dasheng Emperor.He died, called Zetian Dasheng Empress, and was buried in Qianling (near Gaozong's tomb).
Three mountains, ten caves, Guangxuanlu, Yuqiao, Jinluan Town, Ziwei.
In the first year of Zhou Jiushi (700 A.D.), Wu Zetian toured Songshan Mountain in Zhongyue. He had a banquet for all the ministers at Shicong. The monarchs and ministers drank wine and wrote seventeen poems, one of which was Wu's "Shicong".This poem integrates scene description, narrative, and expressing feelings. It is a better piece of Wu's handed down poems, and it is included in the fifth volume of "Quan Tang Poetry".
Shicong Mountain is located thirty-five miles southeast of Dengfeng County, Henan Province, with towering peaks and winding streams, making it a wonder of the city.The Shicong River is the main river in this mountain. It originates from the Songshan Mountain Valley. It travels all the way from Pituo Ququ to the Gaocheng Town for about six miles, where it converges into a pool.The cliffs and rocks on both sides are steep, shaped like a knife cut, and the pool under the cliff is black and unfathomable. It is named Chexiangtan because of its shape.In the south of the pool, there is a huge stone protruding from the water. The top of the stone is flat and can accommodate dozens of people. It is known as the Letai in the world.At this point, the river is divided into two parts, just like green horses, hanging on both sides.There is a natural stone cave in the North Cliff, and there is a square stone slab inside. It is said that Wu Zetian visited here and often stayed on it, so the cave is called Niangniang Cave and the stone is called Niangniang Kang.There is a cave in the north of Niangniang Cave. You can watch fish jumping near the entrance of the cave, so it is commonly known as Guanyu Cave.On the North Cliff are engraved poems recited by the emperor and ministers of the Wu family during the banquet in the first year of Jiushi, and on the South Cliff are engraved the Preface to the Autumn Banquet Shicong written by Feng Chenling Zhang Yizhi. Both the poem and the preface are written by Xue Yao, a famous literary figure .In addition to Zhang Yizhi, there were Wu Sansi, Zhang Changzong, Xue Yao, Yang Jingshu, Yu Jizi and others who served the banquet and "sacred system".Because of this banquet, this place is named "Shicong Huiyin", which is one of the famous scenery of Songshan Mountain in Zhongyue. The poem "Shicong" describes the landscape around Shicong.
In the first two sentences, the pen is drawn from a large place from a distance, and the dangerous shape of the mountains around Shicong is written."Three mountains and ten caves" in the first sentence, the three mountains are the exact reference. According to the "Famous Mountains", there are indeed three main peaks in Songshan Mountain, "the middle is Junji Peak, the east is called Taishi, and the west is called Shaoshi." , it is not necessarily a definite reference, but it is said that there are many caves.In addition to the Niangniang Cave and Guanyu Cave mentioned above, according to "Shu Zheng Ji", "Song, its general name; those who call it Shi, there are stone chambers at the foot of the mountain." Stone chambers are caves and caves. "Lu": In the old days, the emperors called themselves the book of fate given by God as Lu. "Xuan": It has profound and mysterious meanings.The general idea of this poem is that the mountains and caves around Shicong are so magnificent that they add glory to the emperor's fortune of inheriting the sky.The "Yuqiao Jinluan" in the second sentence expresses the height and steepness of the mountain. "Erya · Shishan": "The mountain is small and high, Cen; sharp and high, Qiao." "Shuowen": "The mountain, the mountain is high and sharp."The general idea of this poem is that the towering peaks, like gold and jade, guard the capital and the imperial capital like guards.This is because Songshan is located in the southeast suburb of Luoyang, the eastern capital of Tang Dynasty.
The two couplets in the couplet, from the perspective of natural weather such as good weather and good weather, praise the uniqueness of the Shicong area and the moistness of the rain and dew to the capital of the Tang Dynasty.Like the first two sentences, these two sentences are not only an impromptu description of the foreground, but also a self-proclaimed and showing off of the emperor's destiny.The word "Jun" in the first sentence has the meaning of reconciliation and adjustment; "Biao": mark, sign; "Shengyang": a superior and beautiful place.The "Jiao" in the second sentence has the meaning of intersecting each other; "Ji": In the old days, it was called the area under the jurisdiction of the capital.
Taking a comprehensive look at the two couplets and four sentences of the head and jaw, they are also used to express feelings in the scene description, and the scenes blend together, which is more natural.
There are two sentences in the neck couplet, the first sentence is about the height of the peak, and the second sentence is about the depth of the stream.One high and one deep, patchwork, the sun and cloud shadows complement each other.If the first couplet is a long-distance panoramic freehand brushwork, then the neck couplet is a close-up close-up.Looking up, the Wanzhang (one ren is eight feet, close to one foot) peak in front of you is so high that it blocks the light of the sun.This is not only the peak of writing, but also the twilight of the day.Looking down, the thousand feet (eight feet in one search, also nearly one foot) under your feet is a deep stream, with clouds of mist floating, as if wearing clothes tailored by white clouds.Although "Wanren" and "Qianxun" here are both exaggerated words, they are also exaggerated without loss of proportion.Because compared with the peak, the peak is higher after all.The characters "Zang" and "Luo" here not only stand in front of each other, but also anthropomorphize the depicted objects—the heights and the secluded ravines, which are extraordinarily vivid and vivid when read, as if the scene in front of you has a real meaning. life and vitality.
The two sentences at the end point out the grand event of the parade and banquet, and give a brief and typical description of the situation where the officials were called to the evening.The "benevolence and wisdom" in the first sentence is a word of praise for the monarch and his ministers. It describes Wu's decision to entertain his officials at Shicong banquet;"Carved saddle" refers to the officials, "Bo Wan" marks the time of the trip, and "Miscellaneous Chen Fei" vividly depicts the exuberance of the monarchs and ministers at that time and the arrogance of the parade.Here the poet uses rhetorical metonymy, which is concise and accurate, but also implicit and vivid, which shows the poet's skill in writing poems, practicing words and making sentences.
In the Ming Dynasty, when you visited Shangyuan, you urgently announced the spring: