Chapter 22 Tang Zhongzong - Li Xian

Li Xian (656-710), also known as Zhe, was the seventh son of Emperor Gaozong and his biological mother was Wu Zetian.Emperor Gaozong died and ascended the throne.After only two months on the throne, he was deposed as King of Luling, and was imprisoned in Junzhou (now Junxian County, Hubei Province) and Fangzhou (now Fangxian County, Hubei Province) for 14 years. In 698, Wu Zetian recalled him and restored him as the crown prince. In 705, Zhang Jianzhi and others took advantage of Wu Zetian's serious illness and embraced Li Xianfu as emperor.After the restoration, Empress Wei participated in the government affairs, formed a party to do evil, and was extremely politically corrupt.Li Xian and Empress Wei built Buddhist temples extensively, built mansions extensively, and indulged in extravagance.In the end, he was poisoned to death by Queen Wei and Princess Anle, and was buried in Dingling (now northwest of Fuping County, Shaanxi).The temple name is Zhongzong.

Sanyang was originally the Biaolingji, and the second room came from its unique name②. ① Shi Cong: A Pinglejian (Notes on Wu Zetian's poem "Shi Cong" in "Quan Tang Poems").Thirty-five miles southeast of Dengfeng County, Henan Province today, it is a spring in the Songshan Mountain Valley.The spring water flows underground all the way through the Pituo bend. So far, it is suddenly blocked by huge stones in the Chonggang Mountain Gorge. spectacle. ②Three Yangs: The beginning of spring, the ancients said that the first day of the winter solstice is the birth of Yang, the second day of December is the birth of Yang, and the first month of the three Yangs is the beginning of Tai.Second Room: The combined name of the two mountains in the Songshan system. The east is called Taishi, and the west is called Shaoshi. It is located in the north of Dengfeng County and has been called Songyue since ancient times.

③Quanke: That is a shark. It is said that he lives in the water like a fish, and the tears shed when weeping turn into pearls. See "Sou Shen Ji".Also, "Zizi" says that if the water flows round and bends, there are pearls in it.Stone Mirror: Mountain rocks shaped like mirrors, many mountains have so-called scenic spots called stone mirrors.Liang Yuxin wrote the sentence "The god of the town house buried stones, and the spirit of the mountains looked in the mirror".Mountain Spirit: The monster in the mountains. ④ Qiankun: heaven and earth.Rui Suan: The Emperor's Lifespan.Under the knee: next to the parents' knees, used as a respectful title for parents.

The original note of this poem is "written when the prince".Empress Wu (Zetian) had a meeting with his ministers at Shicong Mountain in the first year of Dengfeng (696). Volume 10 of Tang Yin Guiyi by Hu Zhenheng of the Ming Dynasty said: "Since Jinglong (Tang Zhongzong's reign title, 707-710) created the Qilu, and various scholars made them. The style has not changed to the extreme, and the voice has not been tuned." The poem "Shi Cong" was written in Jinglong when Empress Wu was proclaimed emperor, and it was already like the seven rhythms. "Ziwei", also uses the rhythm style.Therefore, the origin of Qilu was earlier than that of Jinglong.As for Hu Zhenheng's analysis of "spreading the scenery and boasting about the banquet", it is correct, and Li Xian's poem is the proof.

The first two sentences of the poem indicate the time and place of the banquet.The first month is the beginning of a year, and Empress Wu then changed the year to Yuan Longsui Dengfeng, so it was said that "this is the Biaolingji". "Shangshu Hong Fan": "Five Disciplines: One is the age, the other is the sun, the third is the moon, the fourth is the stars, and the fifth is the calendar." Songshan is the middle mountain among the five mountains, so it is said to be "uniquely famous". The two sentences of "Xiayi" spread the scenery.The first sentence describes the gorgeous costumes of the ministers and guards, and the extravagant luxury of the banquet venue; the second sentence describes the natural beauty of the mountains and mountains around Shicong, surrounded by clouds and smoke.It belongs to the fine cut, level and steady work, which reflects that the seven-character verses have gradually matured at that time.

The two sentences of "Shui Xuan" further describe the landscape near Shicong, which is like a close-up of the details of today's photography art.Wei Wendi Cao Pi's "Jichuan Fu" has the sentence "the pearl is shining and shining", and the poem developed into "the water dazzles the pearl", and then thought that there were sharks weeping beads in the water to express the beauty of the stone spring.The ancients believed that the ghosts of trees and stones in the mountains were called Kui, see "Mandarin · Luyu".And Shicong Mountain has a stone mirror that can suppress mountain spirits.Most of the so-called stone mirrors are just a flat round stone on the mountain. The gods say they can take pictures, but they are actually affiliated.

The last two sentences are eulogizing.At that time, Empress Wu proclaimed himself emperor, and Li Xian was the son of Empress Wu, who was registered as the prince.The poetic meaning is to wish the emperor's lifespan to be as long as the heaven and the earth, and to have joy at his mother's lap forever. "Suan" as a solution to longevity calculation is generally believed to have begun in the Song Dynasty, such as Ouyang Xiu's "Happy Birthday": "The source of celebration is far away, and the rivers and seas are endless; the calculation of wisdom is long, waiting for the universe and not getting old." Ouyang Xiu's words happen to be "eternal wish" The footnote of "The Universe, Fu Rui Suan" is probably derived from Li Xianshi.

Although the poem is written like this, family affection is family affection, politics is politics, and the two are not equal.Soon after writing this poem, Li Xian was deposed as prince and relegated to be King of Luling, and he was restored under the support of Zhang Jianzhi in the last years of Empress Wu.This incident was a dispute within the court of the Tang Dynasty, so I won't go into details here.