Chapter 15 Emperor Jian Wen of Liang——Xiao Gang

This is a poem about maple leaves, but it is not about the red leaves in autumn as people usually do, but about the whole life course of maple in different seasons from green to red to fall.Poetry is not limited to describing the emotions and states of things. Behind the things, there is a human spirit and character.In the poet's words, Feng's life is a life of dedication. Its green is to reflect the reeds more green, its red is to contrast the waves more white, and its fallen leaves are still used as a gift, flying far away. On the passenger's rowing boat.In short, his existence is not for himself, but for others.In this sense, this is a song of praise for Maple Leaf, and it is not an exaggeration to use the word "noble" to summarize its life.

Secondly, what the poet highlights is the wilting, sparseness, and fall of the maple, and the vitality is obviously not strong enough.For any kind of thing, these three characters symbolize decline, even death, and it should be the same for Feng.But because the poet has given it a personality spirit of self-sacrifice, a kind of lofty and great personality strength, so the withering, sparseness, and decline here don't give people too much feeling of desolation and neglect, and don't make people feel too much. incomplete.Like Alexandros' Nadia "Aphrodite of Milo," which feels intact despite the loss of both arms.For readers, this incompleteness in form is not fixed. Once they feel the greatness of Maple Leaf’s dedication, they will unconsciously think of its perfection and freshness when it is not wilted or sparse; If this is the case at the last moment of life, then, in the heyday of its life, it must have spent energy for this world, and its wilting, sparseness, and fall are the results of continuous dedication.Therefore, its decline is the expression of greatness.In this sense, it is not sad.

Third, the poem is colorful. "This poem has twenty characters, but the use of four characters in color is considered taboo by Song people. They think that there are many colored characters, which is not solemn and not ancient. How can such a poem be solemn and not ancient?" (Yang Shen, "Sheng'an Shihua" volume 8) Actually, the question is not whether it is dignified or not.Of these four colors, green and red are directly written as maple, and blue and white are designed to set off maple, so there is a distinction between primary and secondary. Judging from the fact that maple itself cannot be red and green at the same time, there should be a difference between reality and reality.The key is in the sense of color.The maple leaves in the mountains written by Du Mu in "Mountain Journey": "Frost leaves are red in February flowers", which are warmer and redder than flowers in February. This kind of red presents a warm color.As for the red in the poem, only the sparse red is left, and the green has become withered green, which makes people feel extraordinarily cold. Inconsistent and inconsistent.

The title of this poem, both "Yiwenleiju" and "Gushiji" are "Fu Deyong Shufeng Poem", it is very likely that it is the product of a farewell farewell.The poet parted ways with people by the water in late autumn, the autumn wind was blowing, and the maple leaves and reeds were trembling. It was the scene of "Maple leaves, Dihua rustling in autumn" when Bai Juyi, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, was seeing off guests at the mouth of the Xunyang River. Therefore, Yang Shen commented on it as "the scene is graceful and beautiful "("Dan Qian Zonglu" Volume 20).Pedestrians boarded the boat, and everyone was desolate. At this moment, a maple leaf flew down from the tree and fell into the boat. The sensitive poet immediately thought that this maple leaf could be given to the pedestrians as a gift, and felt that it was the maple leaf himself. Passionate, unbearable the pain of parting in the world, I take the initiative to leave and send farewell, to comfort the thought of parting.From this, he thought of Feng's life. It grew by the water, accompanied by waves and Jia. Isn't it because Jia is green and red because the waves are white?Just like its "falling away to see you off... The poet thought of a lot, even including courtesans who drink wine for others, and these constitute the rich meaning of the poem for people to ponder.But because the author is a pampered person, although he has only been emperor for two years, he is different from ordinary people after all. He cannot sing praises to people like Maple Leaf, but can only give a certain amount of sympathy. Therefore, in the poem, It is impossible for him to add some warm and bright colors to Maple Leaf. The dedication of Maple Leaf, in his opinion, is just a tragedy.Of course, the objective aesthetic effect produced by this "tragedy" is beyond his comprehension.