Chapter 16 Emperor Liang Yuan - Xiao Yi

① Sha Tang: "Shan Hai Jing·Xishan Jing" Kunlun Hill: "There is a tree, its shape is like a begonia, Huanghua Chishi, its taste is like plum but has no seeds, the name is Sha Tang, it can resist water, and eat it People don't drown."

Jiangnan, a water town, is always charming: clear water, lotus leaves.The breeze blows, and the lotus leaves dance; the moonlight shines, and the water and sky are hazy.The fish are playing, from east to west, from south to north, free and easy, which makes people's hearts and souls swim with it.A boat came and another boat came.The two boats moved closer together.The fireflies shuttled back and forth like the wind to pass on the green fire; the frogs kept chirping, as if they were agitating for someone. The boat is made of rare sand tree, which will not sink in the water; the boat is made of precious osmanthus wood, which is fragrant.Night, endowing all these with fresh, quiet, beautiful and pleasant atmosphere and mysterious haze, even people and things are also mysterious.

They are lotus picking and yarn washing.However, are they really picking lotus and washing yarn?It wasn't until the "Restored Xishi New Huansha" that the night opened and the lotus heart gradually revealed. The word "Xi Shi" indicates that the lotus pickers are not women, but young offspring. It turns out that the lotus pickers are a man and a woman.Value, encounter also.New, just now, exactly.This one just arrived, that one is just right. "Revaluation" clearly stated that this meeting was an encounter by chance.Meeting by chance, that person is surprisingly beautiful, not inferior to Xi Shi, a beautiful woman from the Yue Kingdom, how could it not surprise him?

It seems to be purely accidental and unintentional, but those who come out at night with the osmanthus oars in a sandy boat must not have the ambition to pick lotus, but must have some vague hopes and some strange desires. The word "Fu" reveals that the act of "crossing the south of the Yangtze River at night to pick lotus leaves" itself is very comfortable for him, and he has the joy of trying.Judging from this meaning and the following, "lotus" may not contain the vague meaning of "pity".It's just that his unintentional desire at the beginning was not so specific and definite.

"Looking at the moonlight for thousands of miles together", the moon is shining brightly, and the night is no longer mysterious, and the sky and the water are also clear. A man and a woman who met unexpectedly are rowing towards the end of the water and sky, the moonlight is deep place.Those who pick lotus do not pick lotus, and those who wash gauze do not wash gauze. The so-called "pulling cattails with the king, we can't make a handful of days" ("Xiqu Ge·Pulling Pus" Part 2), this is an unintentional meeting, but now it seems like a meeting of love It can be seen that each of them has a desire other than picking lotus and washing yarn, so they have a little bit of sympathy, and the "communication" remains the same.But picking lotus and washing yarn is certainly not the purpose, and "Zhan Yuehua" is just a beautiful excuse.Young and young Ai, men and women with many dreams in their hearts, in the lotus, on the sandy boat, under the bright moonlight, how many feelings they want to confide, how can a "Zhan Yuehua" be able to do it?The beauty is that the poet doesn't say anything or point it out, but only imitates his own tone, the voice is graceful, interesting, and reserved like a moon.The bright moon seems to reveal something to us, but at the same time hides a lot.It is so bright and clear that it guides the lotus pickers to move forward together, but bathes them in the moonlight and only reveals their outlines.Its appearance not only makes the artistic conception of the poem clear and beautiful, but also makes the emotion and interest of the poem healthy and upward.

The last sentence "together look at the moonlight over the river", although it can also show the warm and cheerful character of the children in the south of the Yangtze River, but in terms of the realm and aesthetic effect of the poem, it is not as good as "together look at the moonlight from thousands of miles away". "Jianggan" is an ultimate boundary line, while "Qianli" has room for infinite extension; Coordinate the subtle elegance formed by "picking lotuses" and "looking (looking) at the moonlight". Tang poet Zhang Ji's "Wuqi Song": "The west mountain is a palace full of tides, and the palace birds are singing dogwood branches. Wu Ji sang a self-song for picking lotus, and the king stayed in the boat last night." It reveals the essence of feudal emperors picking lotus at night, as if In response to this poem by Emperor Yuan.However, this poem is not a work of words and ambitions, and there is no need to be ambiguous, mixing the poet's creation with all his activities.If we forcibly equalize the identity of the poet with the identity of the protagonist in the poem, what else can we get besides the usual criticism of the emperor?The beauty of poetry will be gone.

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The extreme eye is only a thousand miles away, so why look at Chujin? ①Jiangzhou: This refers to Jiangzhou, which was divided into Jingzhou and Yangzhou in the new Jin Dynasty. It is the old Wuchang Prefecture of Hubei Province and the land of Jiangxi Province. Jiujiang), because of Song Qi, Liang moved to Jiangzhou to govern Yuzhang.Baihua Pavilion: Forty miles east of Jiangling County, Hubei Province.Jing Chu: Refers to Chu State.The earliest territory of Chu was about the ancient Jingzhou area, so it was also called Jingchu. This is a poem about seeing the scene and cherishing people.Jingchu, here refers to the relatives and friends in Jingchu, that is, the "balcony people" mentioned at the end of the poem.

"The extreme eyes are only a thousand miles away, so why look at Chujin", the poet boarded the Baihua Pavilion and looked far away, only to see that the way he came was misty, and he could no longer find Chujin (generally referring to a certain port where the poet entered Chu). sad.Wang Can's "Ode to the Tower": "The plain is far away and the eyes are far away, covering the high peaks of Jingshan Mountain." There are many hills in Jingdi, and it is difficult to see thousands of miles at a glance; and "thousands of miles" are not within sight. , but the poet said "only a thousand miles away", it seems that a thousand miles is a small one, but it is actually the feeling that the way out is close to Tianjin and people are far away. "He You" uses a questioning tone, which can convey the confusion and disappointment in the poet's heart better than negative sentence patterns such as "I can't see Chujin". Shuzhou") has the same effect.These two sentences already imply the meaning of "carrying people".

The four sentences in the middle come from the word "Wang", describing the scenery seen when climbing the pavilion.It was late spring and early summer, and the road was full of slumber, and the ground was in a mess; beside the Baihua Pavilion, the poplar trees were drooping, and the school strips were scattered, shaking the steps.The white cotton-like catkins fly down from the tall trees, fluttering, like a snowfall in the clear sky.In the lotus pond, the lotus leaves are about the size of a fist, and the dew or rain accumulated on them are like crystal beads rolling around in the breeze; they are also like dazzling mercury, shining in the sun. The sentence "Luohua" describes the scenery of Pingyuan, winding all the way, leading to the distance; Click on the topic "Climbing to... Pavilion".The "hanging" is vertical from top to bottom, and the "flick" is horizontal and flat from left to right and right to left, which sets off the three-dimensional space of Denglan. The sentence "liuxu" describes the high-altitude scene, the sentence "lotus" writes the scene at a low place, "xue" and "mercury" further supplement them with virtual images, and "willow" and "xu", "lotus" and "bead" In terms of color, there is a contrast effect of green and white, thereby enhancing the appearance of the scene.

In the last two sentences, "balcony" uses the allusion of Song Yu's "Gao Tang Fu": "The former king visited Gao Tang and took a nap in the afternoon. He dreamed of a woman... the king was lucky. When he left, he said: "Concubine In the sun of Wushan, the obstruction of high hills, morning clouds at dawn, rain at dusk, morning and evening, under the balcony.'", Li Daoyuan's "Shuijing Zhu·Zhushui" said: "The west of Danshan is Wushan. And the emperor's daughter lives in Yan. Song Yu's so-called daughter of the emperor of heaven, named Yaoji, died before she could go, and was sealed in the sun of Wushan. Her spirit is grass, which is actually Ganoderma lucidum. The so-called daughter of Wushan...so it is a temple, Chaoyunyan." It can be seen that this story took place in the area of ​​Wu Gorge, and the east of Wushan is the ancient Chu land. It refers to the old friends or relatives when Jing and Chu met. This is why poets often call good friends "lover" and "beauty", but they themselves call themselves "King of Chu".Facing the lively and lively beauty around Baihua Pavilion, the poet can't help but think of his old friend who is far away in Jingchu, and is eager to enjoy it with him and spend a good and happy time together.His friend was not around, so he toasted to persuade him, chatted to comfort him after the farewell, and expressed his cherished wishes to his friend.Separation and lovesickness are originally a kind of lingering emotion, but the poet skillfully expresses it with the behavior of persuading wine to be cherished. Song Fanxiwen's "Night Talk on the Bed" says: "When choosing the family law of the Tang Dynasty, the four realities are the first pattern, followed by the four falsehoods, followed by the half-truths and half-truths. When it says 'four realities', it means that the four sentences in the middle are all scenery. It is true. There is a graceful and generous attitude between the gorgeous and classic, which is wonderful." The four sentences in the middle of this poem are all about the scenery, combining the distance and the near, the high and the low, soothing and free, and the virtual and the real. People pile up a sense of suffocation.The poet's intention is to convey the poetic feeling of late spring and new summer with the bustling scene and warm mood, contrasting the regret of leaving the beautiful scenery and his own sense of loneliness, so as to deepen the theme of climbing high and cherishing people.