Chapter 45 Qijue·Liu Fen

For thousands of years, there are big clouds in the sky, and there is Liu Fan in Zhongtang Junwei. , Ten thousand horses screamed silently. This poem was first published in the September 1996 edition of Central Literature Publishing House. Since 1958, Mao Zedong has vigorously advocated emancipating the mind and breaking superstition. In March, he delivered a speech at the Chengdu Conference, advocating "invigorating the fearless creative spirit of daring to think, speak, and act."Since the "Anti-Rightist" Movement in 1957 had just passed, people were cautious and did not dare to tell the truth.Mao Zedong was aware of this as a problem.At that time, he read Liu Fen's countermeasures from "Old Tang Book·Wenyuan Biography", and the opening chapter of the policy commentary said: "The minister is sincere and not flattering. There is no way to enter. But I am angry and depressed, and sometimes I hear it. I often want to discuss with ordinary people on the way, business travelers slander in the market, and I can understand it. Once I understand the heart of the Lord, even if I am accused of evil words, there is no crime. What regrets." It means that he is confident that he has a set of methods of governing the country, and he is deeply aware of the shortcomings of real politics, but he is not in his position and has no right to speak.Despite this, he still tried every means to express his opinions and reflect them to the emperor without fear of any risks.Mao Zedong side-by-side commented: "Qi Teqi." In fact, the benefit of this opening article can be summed up in one sentence: dare to tell the truth.Mao Zedong liked the poems of the Three Lis (Li Bai, Li He, and Li Shangyin).And Liu Fan is an old friend who Li Shangyin called "a lifelong righteousness and mentor". After Liu Fan's death, Li Shangyin wrote four poems in a row to cry and mourn, which shows how mournful it is.Therefore, this is also an emotional factor in Mao Zedong's chanting of Liu Fan.

"Thousands of years, a big cloud rises from the sky", the first sentence comes from the sky, it is Qixing.Because of the sudden rise, it can also be said to be "specially strange".An ancient proverb says: "Clouds follow the dragon, and the wind follows the tiger." The key word in this sentence is "rise up the big cloud", which is a bit like the first sentence of Liu Bang's "Great Wind Song", which means "the cloud is flying when the wind rises", which expresses the relationship between heaven and man. "The wind blows and the clouds fly" is a response to "Vega at home and returning to my hometown". "Thousands of years and a long sky rises a big cloud" is the response to "thousands of horses screaming silently"-the echo from the beginning to the end of this poem is concentrated in one go.Reminiscent of Mao Zedong's article "Introducing a Cooperative" written in Guangzhou in April 1958, he quoted a poem from Gong Zizhen's "Miscellaneous Poems of Jihai". Sadness", then, "Thousands of years, big clouds rise from the sky" has another meaning, that is, there is wind and thunder, anger appears, and the dull air is broken.The appearance of wind and thunder and anger appeared because of a person!

"Middle Tang Junwei has Liu Fu", the second sentence is a successor to the previous sentence.However, if these two sentences are reversed and read-"Middle Tang Junwei has Liu Fan, and the sky rises for thousands of years", the cause and effect, wouldn't it be more smooth?Shun Ze Shun Yi, but a lot of peace, feel boring.In written language, it lacks artistic tension.It can be seen that the inversion of verses is sometimes necessary. "Thousands of years, there are big clouds in the sky, and there is Liu Fan in Tang Junwei", which is an inversion, or reverse folding.Using traditional drama as an example, the previous sentence is like the gongs and drums before the characters appear on the stage, it is a gust of wind, which suspends the hearts of the audience and concentrates their attention, or it is like a singing voice from behind the scenes before the characters appear on the stage, to enhance the atmosphere , All right, and then Jiao Er appeared on the stage and made an appearance-"Zhong Tang Junwei has Liu Jian", every word is resounding. "Junwei" means Junyan, that is, a romantic person and a hero.According to the biography of "Old Tang Book", Liu Fan is "erudite and good at writing, especially in "Zuoshi Chunqiu". When making friends, he likes to talk about kings and tyrants. He is honest and evil, and when he talks about world affairs, he has the ambition to clarify." .However, when his policy theory was spread out, Shihlin was moved, and his articles were circulated, and there were people who were weeping, and indeed there was a "Liu Xuanfeng".Later, Linghu Chu, Niu Sengru and other high-ranking officials competed to hire Liu Fan as a post, treating him like a teacher and friend, and placing high hopes on him.Only by knowing people and discussing the world can we know that the four-character comment "Zhong Tang Junwei" is not false.

"The lonely bird mourns and sings", the third sentence is Yizhuan.What happened to Liu Fan was a tragedy.According to Lu Xun's definition, tragedy is the destruction of valuable things for others to see.According to the notes of the Tang Dynasty: "Liu Fen, Yang Sifu is also a student. When the countermeasure is to be outspoken, middle officials are especially jealous. Lieutenant Qiu Shiliang called Sifu and said: 'How can the national branch let this wind (crazy) Hanye?" Sifu Fearing, he replied: "When Sifu returned to the past and Liu Fen was in the same place, it was still not windy." (Anonymous "Yuquanzi") According to historical records, Liu Fen Yingxianliang Fangzheng bluntly admonished the scientific research, and after the countermeasures were presented, The three examiners sighed in admiration, thinking that Chao (cuo) and Dong (Zhongshu) of the Han Dynasty had nothing to do with it.At that time, there were twenty-two people who were admitted to the examination. Because the eunuch was in power, the examiners were amazed and admired, but they dared not admit Liu Fan.From these two incidents, one can imagine what court officials were afraid of eunuchs at that time.It is not an exaggeration to describe the political situation at that time as "all horses are silent".In short, it is appropriate to use "Guhong" to describe Liu Fan's isolated and helpless situation in the poem; it is vivid to use "铩羽" to describe his ending; is vivid.

"Thousands of horses screamed in silence", the last sentence echoes the first sentence, which is a combination.The beauty of tragedy can often be elevated to the beauty of the sublime. Where is the sublime?To put it bluntly, it expresses people's sense of self-esteem—knowing what can't be done and doing it.I'd rather be broken than broken.This sentence expresses a similar spirit of resistance.The relationship between three or four sentences still has a reverse relationship.For example, if it is reversed and written as "ten thousand horses scream in silence, and the lonely bird's feathers cry out in mourning", regardless of the level of the rhyme, although it is more sad, the beauty of tragedy disappears.Because the last sentence of Qijue is the poet's emphasis.Only by emphasizing "thousands of horses screaming in silence" ("calling" means that Liu Fan risked his life to attack the eunuch) and highlighting the human spirit of resistance can the beauty of tragedy and the beauty of sublime be displayed. "One sound" is in great contrast with "Ten thousand horses are silent" in terms of quantity.However, it is this contrast that highlights the value of that "sound" - because it broke the silence, because it called out anger. "Historical Records Biography of Shang Jun" says that "the promise of a thousand people is not as good as the erroneousness of a man" (errer, the appearance of bluntly arguing), which is the truth.Through the above analysis, it can be seen that this poem is full of artistic tension, and the reverse folding technique has played a big role.

Re-reading this poem makes one's heart surge and cannot be calmed down.On the one hand, it is because the comments made in this poem are very upright and very appealing.On the other hand, it is because there is a period of history that cannot be avoided and must be faced squarely.The speaker must answer the following question—Since Comrade Mao Zedong advocated the spirit of Liu Fan so much, why were there so few people who told the truth at that time, and why was it so difficult to tell the truth?In the 1980s and 1990s, Ba Jin wrote "Following Thoughts" with hundreds of thousands of words, and the central meaning is only three words "tell the truth".Does a simple truth need to say so much?In the book, Ba Jin implicitly said: "After the 'Gang of Four' collapsed, I talked with a foreign guest. He couldn't understand why the 'Gang of Four' had so much 'energy'. I couldn't explain clearly. For the sake of politeness, he didn't Keep asking.” People born in the 50s and even the 60s can understand after reading these few sentences. In August 1980, Deng Xiaoping was interviewed by the Italian journalist Farage. When fully affirming Mao Zedong’s historical achievements, he pointed out that Chairman Mao had some unhealthy thoughts in his later period, which were patriarchal feudal things, and it was not easy to listen to different opinions.This gets to the root of the problem.It turns out that there is a paradox - people who praise Liu Fan may not necessarily accept Liu Fan. Needless to say in 1957.Simply speaking, in the second year after the poem "Liu Fan" was written, at the party's Lushan meeting, Peng Dehuai was dismissed as an official.From today's point of view, Peng Dehuai's "Wan Yan Shu" was nothing more than fulfilling the rights of a party member, "telling the truth", and "screaming in silence". The same fate is really touching.