Chapter 44 Two Poems of Seven Laws · Sending off the God of Plague

Green water and green mountains are in vain, Hua Tuo is helpless! , Wanhu Xiao Shugui sang. , Looking at a thousand rivers from afar. , the same joys and sorrows. There are thousands of willows and willows in the spring breeze, and the 600 million Shenzhou is full of Shunyao. , Castle Peak intentionally turned into a bridge. , The earthquake shook the three rivers. , the paper boat burns brightly. These two poems were first published in People's Daily on October 3, 1958. The title of these two poems, "Sending the Plague God", is somewhat imitated.Han Yu has "Send the Poor Essay", which is for the poor ghosts. "Send the plague god" is similar to "send the poor ghost"."Paper boats" are used to send plague gods, and "boats made of grass" are used to send poor ghosts, and imitation boats are also used, which are similar.But the result was different: Han Yu wanted to send the poor ghost away out of personal gain and loss, but was persuaded by the poor ghost to keep him.The author focuses on the interests of the people and resolutely sends away the plague god, which is different.Here, the schistosomiasis that endangers the people in many places in the south of the Yangtze River is called the god of plague.Schistosoma, dioecious, female slender as silk, parasitizes in the small blood vessels of human beings, lays eggs near the intestinal wall, the eggs can penetrate the intestinal wall, are excreted with feces, hatch miracidia in the water, enter the intermediate host snails, and develop It proliferates into many cercariae, escapes from the snails, and invades the body through the skin of humans and animals that enter the water, forming schistosomiasis.Schistosomiasis was once widely prevalent in the southern provinces of my country.In the advanced stage, the patient will have a sallow complexion and severe abdominal fluid accumulation, commonly known as pot belly disease, which will cause a large number of deaths. In the winter of 1955, Chairman Mao Zedong issued a call for "schistosomiasis must be eradicated".In the second year, the Central Leading Group for the Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis was established. In April 1957, the State Council issued the "Instructions on the Elimination of Schistosomiasis". On June 30, 1958, "People's Daily" published a newsletter titled "The First Red Flag - Recording the Eradication of Schistosomiasis in Yujiang County, Jiangxi".The report said: "Yujiang County in Jiangxi has planted the first red flag on the frontline of national schistosomiasis prevention and control work - first eradicated schistosomiasis, adding a new page to the scientific history of schistosomiasis in the motherland."

When "People's Daily" published this exciting news, Mao Zedong was inspecting in Hangzhou.On the same day, he carefully read the newsletter and happily said to the staff: Good!it is good!How good it would be like this all over the country!This good news made Mao Zedong feel the creativity of the people, so happy that he couldn't sleep all night, "flying with imagination".Lu Ji of the Jin Dynasty compared the surge of literary thinking in "Wen Fu", calling it "floating algae".The author's "fantasy" became the conception of these two poems.Schistosoma spread all over the south of the Yangtze River, so the author "looking at the southern sky" wrote these two famous poems when the warm wind was blowing and the red sun was shining through the window.

"Green waters and green mountains are in vain, Hua Tuo is helpless!" Schistosoma is spreading in the south of the Yangtze River, and Jiangnan is a good place for "green waters and green mountains". "It's too much in vain", "in vain", in vain.In vain there are many good places, all ruined by schistosomiasis.Even if there is a famous doctor like Hua Tuo in the Three Kingdoms period, he has nothing to do with schistosomiasis and cannot deal with it. "Thousands of villages have left arrows, and thousands of households have sung songs by Xiaoshu ghosts." Ficus, a wild evergreen vine.Qiancun Xueli describes the village as deserted.Vector, same as "shit". "People's left arrows", borrowed from "Historical Records Biography of Lian Po Lin Xiangru", said that Lian Po, the famous general of Zhao State, was abolished and went to Chu State.King Zhao wanted to use him again, so he sent envoys to the state of Chu to visit Lian Po. The envoys took money from people who opposed Lian Po, and came back to report: "Although General Lian Po is old, he is good at food. If you sit with your ministers, you will see him soon." , Three leftover arrows." Said that he had defecated three times in a short while.Here it means that people suffering from schistosomiasis have diarrhea and are on the verge of death.Thousands of households became desolate and desolate, and large tracts of land were left barren. "Ghosts Singing" is based on Li He's poem "Autumn Comes": "Ghosts in autumn graves sing Bao's poems." It became a world of ghosts, that is, how many villages were completely destroyed.The above four sentences describe that the people in the old society were poisoned by schistosomiasis, which is so shocking.

"Sit on the ground and travel 80,000 miles a day, survey the sky and look at a thousand rivers in the distance." The author uses the ability of poetry to jump, allowing us to jump from the suffering of the old society to the bright and beautiful new society.Guo Moruo pointed out in "Sitting on the Ground, Surveying the Sky and Others" ("People's Daily" on March 4, 1959) that these two sentences "refer to the rotation and revolution of the earth, which is certain." Eighty thousand miles, referring to The earth rotates once, and the equator of the earth is 40,000 kilometers long, which is exactly 80,000 miles.When the earth is rotating, it is also revolving at the same time, so the author imagines flying, looking at the countless galaxies in the sky, that is, "seeing a thousand rivers from a distance".This kind of soaring imagination reminds us of Fan Zhen's "Response to Cao Siwen's Theory of Difficulty of God's Extinction": "When you think about it at night, sit around the sky and the sea." Imagine day and night, and you can imagine a circle around the sky and the sea while sitting. "Sitting on the ground" and "surveying the sky" are just as the author's imagination soars, thinking that following the rotation and revolution of the earth, you can see countless galaxies in the sky.Mr. Xiao Difei pointed out: "From the perspective of the structure of the whole poem, these two sentences are a turning point, a key, and a leap. Because it does not clearly and directly describe the process of eliminating schistosomiasis, but describes the process of schistosomiasis being killed. But the meaning is still very clear." These two sentences, imagined, are similar to "Zit Zhou Tianhai", but here they also contain the ghost world from the dark old society, and all of a sudden. Jumping into a bright new world, the imagination of "sitting on the ground and surveying the sky" soars.In the ghost world of the old society, all you can see and hear is "ghost singing", but in the new society, you can have the imagination of "sitting on the ground and surveying the sky".In "Traveling 80,000 miles a day" and "Looking at a thousand rivers in the distance", it also contains the meaning of rapid progress in the transformation of the old society. The "People's Daily" report stated that "certain scientific and technical personnel" "spread pessimistic views." Elimination', 'Could it be possible for the Communist Party to eradicate schistosomiasis with bare hands?'" "Some people asserted: 'It will take decades before the beard turns white to fill up the old ditches in Jiantou Village.' But after the establishment of the cooperative , This argument is completely bankrupt. The people of Jiantou Village used their collective strength to fill up all the old ditches and build a new irrigation network within a few months." The editorial of the "People's Daily" said on the same day: "The comrades in Yujiang County said it well: 'Two years of hard work wins the ages.'" What a leap!Isn't it just like the leap of "sitting on the ground and surveying the sky"?

"The cowherd wants to ask about the god of plague, and the same joys and sorrows are gone." Looking at the countless galaxies from a distance, one can naturally see the cowherd by the Milky Way.Although the cowherd is in the sky, he also cares about the world.The cowherd wants to ask about schistosomiasis. The misery of the people and the joy of the plague god in the past are gone forever like passing water.Only by eradicating schistosomiasis can the misery of the people and the joy of the plague god disappear like passing water.The last four sentences of this poem express the author's infinite joy.

The second song: "There are thousands of willows and willows in the spring breeze, and the 600 million Shenzhou is full of shunyao." This is a description of the prosperity of the people all over the country. It seems that in the spring breeze, the willows grow very luxuriantly.The people of the whole country have become people of high morals.Shenzhou refers to China. In "Historical Records Biography of Mencius and Xunqing", Zou Yan called China "Chixian Shenzhou".Confucianism calls Yao and Shun sages. "Mencius Gao Zixia": "Everyone can be Yao and Shun." This means that all 600 million Chinese people have become saints.

"The red rain turns into waves at will, and the green hills turn into bridges." "Red rain" refers to peach blossoms. Li He's "Will Entering Wine": "Peach blossoms fall like red rain." Seeing peach blossoms fall like red rain, the author thinks It's the wave that turns red with the hearts of the people, it's the symbolism, the red climax everywhere at the behest of millions.Here I just use "red rain" to describe this situation. "Follow your heart", follow the wishes of millions of people. "Turn into a wave", transforming into a red climax.Qingshan is no longer an obstacle to traffic. "Deliberately", deliberately. "Turning into a bridge", turning into a bridge leading to socialism.How could Qingshan become a bridge to socialism? "The sky connects with the five mountains and the silver hoes fall, and the earth shakes the three rivers with iron arms." From the green hills to the tall Wuling Mountains, it is so high that it seems to be connected to the sky, but the working people wave their snow-like silver hoes on such high mountains, and build mountainous areas. .Here is to use the Five Ridges to summarize all the mountainous areas in the country and carry out construction in the mountainous areas.After construction, the mountainous area has also become a bridge leading to socialism.From mountains to water, "three rivers" used to refer to the Yellow River, Huaihe River, and Luohe River. Here we summarize all the rivers in the country.The working people wave their iron arms to carry out water conservancy construction, and its momentum is so powerful that the earth shakes.Writing about mountainous area construction and water conservancy construction in this way does not mention the elimination of schistosomiasis, but actually includes the elimination of schistosomiasis.

"Spring breeze willows" refers to the elimination of schistosomiasis, and countless villages across the country have been reborn and full of vitality.Under the leadership of the party, the people have raised their awareness and organized themselves to eradicate schistosomiasis.This kind of awareness is pointing to the red climax, that is, the couplet "Red Rain Follows Your Heart". "Silver hoe falling" and "iron arm shaking" are also related to the eradication of schistosomiasis. The editorial of "People's Daily" on June 30 said that the people in cities and counties in Hubei "must 'cut mountains and fill rivers, move rocks to fill rivers', completely eradicate snails, and eradicate schistosomiasis." Can the description of "cut mountains and fill rivers, move stones to fill rivers" be correct?In such a mass movement, Wenjun really has no place to stand. "May I ask where the Lord of Plague wants to go, and burn the paper boat with bright candles." Use burning paper boats and light candles to send the God of Plague away.

This poem to the God of Plague is related to "Spring Breeze Willow", "Jian Shun Yao", "Silver Hoe Falling" and "Iron Arm Shaking". In the old society, it could cause serious harm, but in a socialist country, under the leadership of the party, the people have raised their consciousness, united, and exerted their wisdom and energy. No matter what is ugly and harmful, it can be eliminated.This is the profound meaning contained in the two poems "Sending the Plague God". Finally, let me talk about the writing techniques of these two poems.At the beginning, the beautiful "green water and green mountains" are proposed, which contrasts with the suffering of "Thousands of Villages" and "Thousands of Xiaoshu" below, and highlights the poison of "little insects".The quote "Hua Tuo is helpless" here is both a quotation and a metaphor, and it is powerless compared to the famous doctors at that time. "Ren Yi Shi" is also a quotation, and the quotation is very appropriate. "Ghost singing" is also a case of quotation. Li He's poems are quoted and changed to meet the needs of rhythm. "Ghost singing poetry" is changed to "ghost singing" to rhyme. The couplet "Sitting on the ground" uses the leaping style of poetry to jump from the old society to the new society at once, and the imagination soars.The "eight thousand miles" here is a recorded number, and the "one thousand rivers" is an exaggeration, and one is real and the other is imaginary. The sentence "Spring Breeze Willow" is a model case, describing the lushness of willows.This sentence is an inspiration again, to cause the following.This rise has meaning, and it is used to refer to vigorous vitality. In this sense, it is also a wanquge. "Jian Shun Yao" is a variable quotation, and the quotation "everyone can be Yao and Shun" can be changed.Writing "Shunyao" is an inversion, and this inversion is for rhyming. "Red rain" is a quotation, quoting Li He's poems, and it is also a metaphor. Using red rain to compare peach blossoms, saying "red rain" as "turning the red rain into waves", that is, turning the red rain into red waves is A metaphor for change."Turning into a bridge" like "green hills" is also a metaphor for change, because "red rain" cannot be compared to "waves", and "green hills" cannot be compared to "bridges", only after changes can they be compared. The "Tianlian" couplet is intertextual, that is, the iron arm holds the silver hoe, because the iron arm holds the silver hoe so that the silver hoe can fall and the iron arm can shake. The two are inseparable. "Tianlianwuling" is an exaggeration, exaggerating the height of the mountains to reach the sky. "Earthquake" and "Three Rivers" are also exaggerated, exaggerating the power of the iron arm to vibrate the earth. "Silver hoe" uses the whiteness of silver to compare the sharpness of the hoe, and "iron arm" uses the firmness of iron to compare the strength of the arm, all of which are metaphors.Look at the two couplets in the middle of these two poems again. The first couplet of the former one describes the suffering of the old society and the situation of "thousands of villages" and "thousands of households"; the latter couplet describes the great changes in the new society, from " The two movements of "sitting on the ground" and "watching the sky" are written in different ways, so they appear vivid and not rigid.One couplet is a realistic description, and the other couplet is a subjective imagination, and the writing methods are completely different.In the middle two couplets of the second song, the first couplet "Red Rain" and "Green Mountain" describe the people's imagination of them, imagining them "turning into waves" and "turning into bridges", and the latter couplet specifically writes about how they lived in Zhishan. The "Silver Hoe Falling" is a concrete description of the iron arm of water control, and it is written in a different way, which is also vivid.

Look at the tail couplet again, leading to Cowherd, from the Milky Way of a thousand rivers, to imagine Cowherd's concern for human affairs.Calling the Cowherd is a quotation case, citing the myth of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl. "Chasing the passing wave" is a metaphor, and the joys and sorrows of the past flow away like passing water.The second song "Paper Boat" is a parody, imitating Han Yu's "Grass for a Boat" in "Send the Poor Essay".Using a variety of techniques in this way makes these two poems vivid and tasteful.