Chapter 46 Qilu·To Shaoshan

Arrived in Shaoshan on June 25, 1959.It has been thirty-two years since I left this place. , thirty-two years ago. , The black hand hangs the overlord's whip. , Dare to teach the sun and the moon to change to a new sky. , Heroes are everywhere. This poem was first published in the December 1963 edition of "Chairman Mao's Poems" by People's Literature Publishing House. On the evening of June 25, 1959, Mao Zedong returned to Shaoshan, his hometown after an absence of 32 years, and stayed until the afternoon of the 27th.In a short period of time, he visited his parents' tombs on Nanzhutuo Mountain, inspected his old house, and visited the Shaoshan Reservoir.He asked the cadres of the commune to learn about the production situation, visited the public canteen, and took photos with the children at Shaoshan School.He visited farmhouses to condolences to the families of the martyrs. On the evening of the 26th, he invited relatives, teachers and friends, and fellow villagers to a feast and toasted everyone.After the dinner, I went back to the Shaoshan Guest House (now Shaoshan Hotel Songshan No. 1 Building), lingering over the past, I couldn't calm down, and wrote the poem "To Shaoshan".

During his trip to Shaoshan, Mao Zedong said in front of his parents' tomb: "The predecessors worked hard, and the future generations are happy." In front of the portraits of his parents in the old residence of Shangwuchang, he said: "My mother gave birth to a bag on her neck and pierced her eyes, just because it was At that time, if you don’t die now.” He said in the Zaotanggou: “In the winter of 1920, our brothers and sisters gathered around this stove to enjoy the fire. I persuaded them to leave their hometown, and they all embarked on the road of revolution.” He When he saw the attic in his bedroom, he said: "I have held many meetings with Mao Fuxuan and other comrades here to study and develop the party organization and how to carry out struggles."It can be seen that when Mao Zedong returned to Shaoshan, he was touched by the scenery, contemplated, and recalled the suffering, struggle, and sacrifice in the past. Today, the thousand hectares of rice fields with undulating green waves and the calmness of the working people in the afterglow of the setting sun are the sacrifices of the martyrs. Won with valor.

So Mao Zedong took up a pen and wrote: "Don't dream that the river passed away vaguely, and the hometown was thirty-two years ago." "Don't dream" is because of the long distance and the long past, and reality has become a dream. "Vaguely" has a sense of confusion and trance, which is the exaggeration of dreams. "Death River", the past years that have passed. "Don't dream vaguely" is consistent with "Passing River", expressing the feeling of memory.The word "curse" embodies strong emotions: resentment, grief, mixed grief and hatred, unbearable to look back.This was caused by the exceptional circumstances of 1927, 32 years ago.

The year 1927 was not only a period of great revolution with turbulent wind and clouds, but also a revolutionary turning point with sudden changes.In January of that year, Mao Zedong went to Shaoshan to investigate the peasant movement, held symposiums, listened to reports from the Shaoshan Party branch, and delivered speeches. He was busy for three days and three nights.Three months after Mao Zedong left Shaoshan, Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup. On May 21, the reactionary warlord Xu Kexiang massacred as many as 10,000 communists and revolutionary masses in Changsha, creating the bloody "Ma Ri Incident". On July 15, Ninghan and Han merged, and the Great Revolution failed.Facing the white terror of the reactionaries, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held the "August 7th" meeting and decided to take the road of armed resistance.Mao Zedong went to Hunan to hold the Autumn Harvest Uprising, and then led his troops to Jinggangshan to establish a rural revolutionary base, which became a glorious starting point for the victory of the Chinese revolution.After 22 years of indomitable struggle, from Jinggangshan to Beijing, the new China was established and socialist construction began.Another ten years have passed, and now, Mao Zedong is standing on the land of his hometown, how can he not have mixed feelings?

"Thirty-two years ago" the heart-pounding scene condensed into two sentences: "The red flag rolled up the serf's halberd, and the black hand hung the overlord's whip". This is the confrontation between the peasant revolutionary armed forces and the Chiang Kai-shek reactionaries. The redness of the "red flag" and the blackness of the "black hand" are the difference between justice and injustice, and they are also strict barriers against each other. "Rolling up" describes the turbulent momentum, "hanging high" describes the reality of brutal suppression, "serf halberd" and "overlord whip" once again highlight the opposition between the two classes.

Thirty-two years ago, a single spark has finally developed into a prairie fire. The reason is that the revolutionary people have the fearless spirit of going forward.This is: "Dare to teach the sun and the moon to change the sky for the sake of sacrifice." Rise up and resist and persevere to the end because of the ideal of "dare to teach the sun and the moon to change the sky". "Many ambitions" refers to being full of lofty ambitions, so you will never turn back and continue to follow. In 32 years, 148 revolutionary martyrs in Shaoshanchong, a small village of 600 households, sacrificed their precious lives, including six relatives of Mao Zedong: Yang Kaihui, Mao Zemin, Mao Zetan, Mao Zejian, Mao Chuxiong, Mao Anying, There are five comrades from the Shaoshan Party branch founded by Mao Zedong himself: Mao Fuxuan, Zhong Zhishen, Pang Shukan, Li Genghou, and Mao Xinmei.The blood of the martyrs yielded fruitful results of the revolution, the world was renewed, the sun and the moon reappeared, new China was born, and socialist construction continued to advance.From this, we can understand what Mao Zedong did during his trip to Shaoshan, and understand the word "curse" in the poem.

At the end, "I like to watch the thousand waves of rice shrubs, and the heroes are everywhere in the evening smoke". It is written that the rice waves in Shaoshan are rolling, the harvest is in sight, everyone is working hard, living and working in peace and contentment. The best consolation for the underground martyrs.To develop production and build the motherland, everyone strives to be the first, which is to carry forward the revolutionary spirit of the martyrs.The ideological content of this couplet has been extended and greatly expanded.From the point of view of the artistic conception, the fierce struggle in front, the bloody storm, the smoke from the cooking here, the picturesque scenery, a completely different scene, reflects a new sky; from the poet's emotional words, it changes from anger to relief, from heaviness to joy.