Chapter 23 Seven Laws Long March

The Red Army is not afraid of the difficulty of the expedition, and the thousands of rivers and mountains are just waiting for leisure. , Wumeng majestic walking Niwan. , The iron cables of the Dadu Bridge are cold. , After the three armies, they were all open. This poem was first published in the January 1957 issue of "Poetry Magazine". In the history of modern Chinese revolution, an earth-shattering and major historical event that shocked China and the rest of the world took place. In October 1933, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized about one million troops and adopted a new strategy of "fortressism" to carry out large-scale "encirclement and suppression" of the central revolutionary base area and its adjacent revolutionary base areas.At this time, Wang Ming's "Left" adventurist line had completely dominated the Red Army, replacing guerrilla and mobile warfare with positional warfare, and replacing people's war with so-called "regular" warfare. To be able to smash the enemy's "encirclement and suppression", they had to withdraw from the revolutionary base areas south of the Yangtze River and carry out strategic shifts.In the early days of the Long March, due to the "Left" adventurists practicing escapeism, although the Red Army heroically broke through the four enemy blockades and moved to the area west of the Xiangjiang River, it suffered great losses.At this critical juncture, Mao Zedong urged to change direction, seize the initiative, and advance to Guizhou, where the enemy's troops were weak.According to Mao Zedong's policy, the Central Red Army marched towards Guizhou and captured Zunyi City. After the Zunyi Conference in January 1935, the Central Red Army, under the personal command of Mao Zedong, moved to Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xikang, Gansu, Shaanxi and other provinces, and successfully arrived at the revolutionary base in northern Shaanxi in October 1935.The Red Fourth Front Army and the Second Front Army also arrived in Huining, Gansu Province in October 1936 and successfully completed the Long March. On December 27, 1935, Mao Zedong pointed out in his report "On the Tactics of Opposing Japanese Imperialism" at the meeting of activists of the Wayaobao Party in northern Shaanxi: "Since Pangu opened the world and the Three Emperors and Five Emperors have come to the present, there have been historically Have we ever gone through a long march like ours? During twelve months, dozens of planes in the sky reconnaissance and bombed each day, and hundreds of thousands of underground troops chased and intercepted them. With only one foot, we can drive more than 20,000 miles, and cross eleven provinces. Has there ever been a long march like ours in history? No, there has never been."

"Seven Laws The Long March" was composed by Mao Zedong in October 1935 after the Red Army broke through the Weishui blockade and occupied Tongwei City in Gansu Province.He once recited this poem at a meeting of cadres above the platoon.This is a revolutionary epic describing the 25,000-mile Long March, a historical event that shocked the world.It not only highly summarizes the battle history of the Red Army's victory over the pass and killing the enemy with refined pen, but also artistically and vividly expresses the indomitable, brave and tenacious spirit of the Red Army soldiers and the spirit of revolutionary optimism.

"The Red Army is not afraid of the difficulties of the expedition, and the thousands of rivers and mountains are just waiting for leisure." The first couplet is written from the big point, straight to the point, outlines the key points, and points out the main purpose. , and wrote the Red Army's optimistic attitude towards the expedition, revealing the Red Army's tenacity, seeing danger as a safety, daring to fight, and daring to win. Both in terms of quality and realm, it is higher than the predecessors, and there is no sigh of "excessive room and extravagant family", "not to mention Qiju", "I am not yet settled, and the extravagant envoy will return to employment" ("Poetry·Xiaoya·Caiwei"), And there is no such thing as "the sea is frozen in the early cold, and the murderous wind is in the wild. Shuoma drinks the cold ice, and the son walks on the frost. On the road, there are servants who are tired and lie dead on the yellow sand field. Because the brigade is dependent on each other, tears of grief stain the clothes" (Li Chongsi, " "Bitter Cold Walk") mourns.There is neither such flattery as "Leading the southeast road, I will be determined to do a good job. Make plans and strategize, and let me be a sage" (Wang Can's "March in the Army"), nor "Shoot and kill Zuo Xianwang, return to Weiyang Hall. If you want to talk about the affairs of the world, the emperor will not summon you. When you go out of Xianyang gate in the east, you will cry like sapphire" (Tao Han's "The Second Song of Gusai") and other complaints.It neither writes about the difficulty of marching like "fisting to compete ten thousand feet, collapse and danger to go to the nine darkness. I live in the peaks and valleys, mourning the ice and snow journey" (Chen Ziang's "Gan Yu" thirty-eight out of twenty-nine), nor It is written that the hardships of military life are like "the spring armor can't rest for a long time, and you can eat three times in six days and six nights" (Gao Ang's "Jingjun and Sun Teng, the governor of Xiangzhou, have a difficult journey").Mao Zedong focused on expressing the Red Army as a group and the noble spirit of the Red Army.The Red Army's Long March, with its many difficulties and great difficulties, can be said to be unprecedented.From the perspective of space, it traverses eleven provinces including Fujian, Jiangxi, and Hunan; from the perspective of time, it lasts twelve months; There are rivers that are urgent and difficult to cross, snow-capped mountains with thin air all year round, grasslands that are covered with mud, and grasslands that will be destroyed if you stumble into it. In pursuit, there are enemy planes strafing and bombing in the sky.To deal with such difficulties and obstacles, the attitude adopted by the Red Army is to face it squarely, despise it, and overcome it. "Not afraid" is exactly this attitude and a concrete portrayal of this spirit.It is precisely because of this spirit that whether it is to cross the "thousand mountains" including Wuling and Wumeng Mountains, or to cross the "thousands of rivers" including the Jinsha River and Dadu River, for the Red Army, it is also a "thousand". "Just" is a matter of "waiting", which is nothing more than ordinary.The cause and effect of these two sentences have a close internal connection. "Thousands of Rivers and Thousand Mountains" embodies the "difficulty" of "expedition", and "Just Waiting" further explains "not afraid".These two sentences are the outline of the whole poem, not only revealing the theme of the whole poem, but also commanding the whole poem, playing a role of enlightenment.Chin couplets and neck couplets are born from the first couplets.

The couplets on the jaws and the couplets on the neck respectively come from "thousands of mountains" and "thousands of waters". The former is shaped like a mountain, while the latter is painted with water. It uses typical and vivid artistic images to specifically describe how the Red Army took such lofty mountains as Wuling and Wumeng. Jinsha River, Dadu River and other big rivers and rapids are regarded as "leisurely". "Five Ridges are meandering with fine waves, and Wumeng is majestic and walking with mud balls." Because of the spirit of "not afraid of expedition difficulties", the "meandering" and undulating Wuling between Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, etc., is at the foot of the Red Army. , It's just like the fine waves in the river; the "majestic", vast and boundless Wumeng Mountain is just like rolling small "mud pills" at the feet of the Red Army.These two poems not only have Wang Wei's "Taiyi is close to the capital of the sky, and the mountains are connected to the corner of the sea", "The peaks change in the wilderness, and the cloudy and sunny are different" ("Zhongnan Mountain"), "Chusai Sanxiang is connected, Jingmen "Jiu Pai Tong" ("Han River Linpan") momentum, but also has the momentum of Du Fu's "Wu and Chu in the southeast, the universe floats day and night" ("Climbing the Yueyang Tower"), and Meng Haoran's "Qi vaporizes clouds and dreams, waves shake Yueyang City" ( "Looking at Dongting Lake as a Gift to Prime Minister Zhang") has the spirit of optimism that the above-mentioned people lack due to the limitations of the times and classes.The poems of Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Du Fu, etc., or the general view of the Zhongnan Mountains, describe its majestic momentum; spirit.However, these two lines of Mao Zedong's poems express not only the vastness and majesty, but also the description of people in the mountains, which is implicit and meaningful, full of a kind of revolutionary pride.The poet is condescending, like a giant standing on the top of Kunlun, looking far and wide, taking the whole Wuling Mountains and the whole Wumeng Mountain into his eyes. So bold.Originally, the Red Army was climbing and advancing along Wuling Mountain and Wumeng Mountain. It was originally the Red Army that was moving over and moving, while Wuling Mountain and Wumeng Mountain were in a static state.Now the poet does not write about the movement of the Red Army, but writes about the movement of Wuling and Wumeng Mountains. This kind of artistic expression technique of using A to write B, showing one to hide, and changing the static to dynamic, greatly enriches the connotation of the poems and enhances the ability of expression. .

"The Jinsha water is warm against the clouds and the cliffs, and the iron cables across the Dadu Bridge are cold." Due to the spirit of "not afraid of the difficulties of the expedition", the beaches are full of rapids, the waves beat the shore, the waves splash, and the water mist transpires. The Luding Bridge on the Dadu River with thirteen iron cables has been crossed successively, and the enemy troops on the other side who tried to prevent our Red Army from crossing the river were defeated.The two sentences in the neck couplet are about the Jinsha River and the Luding Bridge on the Dadu River. They are actually about the battle of the Red Army to cross the Jinsha River and capture the Luding Bridge. In early May 1935, the vanguard of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army arrived at the bank of the Jinsha River in Luquan County, Yunnan Province.Except for a few ferry crossings here, the two banks are full of cliffs.To cross the Jinsha River, you must control the ferry and the boat.Near Jiaopingdu, the Red Army captured two enemy ships, attacked the enemy on the other side by surprise, and successfully advanced to the vicinity of the iron chain bridge on the Dadu River in Luding County. It is more than that.In order to prevent our Red Army from advancing, the enemy not only strengthened the defense of the Dadu River Chain Bridge, but also destroyed the wooden boards on the bridge.Twenty-two warriors of the Red Army braved the dense bullets from the enemy on the opposite bank, climbed the iron chains on the bridge and rushed over, destroying the defending enemy. "Water Shooting Clouds and Cliffs" depicts the dangerous geographical situation of the Jinsha River, such as rapid currents, steep rocks and high waves, and the scene of "surging waves hitting the shore and breaking into layers". The "warm" in "Yunyanuan" is not only different from the "warm" in the sentence "Today's weather is warm, Dongfeng Xinghuacha" (Shen Qianyun's "Ru Tomb Showing Brothers and Sisters"), it is also different from "Wu Gong Ye Chang Gong Leu" In the sentence, the curtains hang down and the lights are warm" (Yuan Zhen's "Winter White Rice") sentence expresses the "warm" of heat.It has the following connotations, one is to describe the feeling of the Red Army boiling the river due to the roaring and rolling of the river, the collision of water and stones, the splashing of waves, and the transpiration of water mist; The joyful mood shows the enthusiastic scene of the Red Army cheering and shouting victory. The "cold" in "Tie Suo Han" is not only used to describe the coldness of the iron chain, it is also different from the "cold" used to describe the temperature in the sentence "The Tianshan Mountains are snowed and the sea is cold, and the flute blows and the road is difficult" (Li Yi's "Congjun Beizheng") , It is also different from the "cold" used to describe the desolate sound of the qin like "pine wind" in the sentence "飗飗 Qingsi Gong, listen to the pine wind and cold" (Liu Changqing's "Youqin"). It not only highlights the danger of the Dadu River iron chain bridge hanging high in the sky, facing no ground, which makes cowards feel chilly, but also exaggerates the thrilling and fierce battle of the Red Army soldiers who braved the enemy's artillery fire and fought bloody battles to seize the Luding Bridge. atmosphere.Although the two sentences in the neck couplet only describe the danger of the river and the danger of the bridge, they do not describe how the Red Army skillfully crossed the Jinsha River and captured the Luding Bridge from the front, but the Red Army is tenacious, brave and tenacious. The image of a hero who is defeated by the attacker has been expressed from the side.

"It's more like a thousand miles of snow in Minshan, and the three armies will be happy afterward." The last couplet expresses the excitement when they are about to arrive at the revolutionary base in northern Shaanxi successfully. What permeates between the lines is an atmosphere of revolutionary heroism and a spirit of revolutionary optimism. On September 17, 1935, the Red Army on the one hand broke through Lazikou, the peak of Minshan Mountain, which is known as the "gateway of natural danger" in Sichuan and Gansu provinces. Among them, the successful completion of the Long March mission is just around the corner. "I'm more happy with the thousand miles of snow in Minshan Mountain." In Mao Zedong's own words, I like the "Long March" with "thousands of twists and turns, and the smoothness is less than the difficulty." It suddenly became clear, and turned to the opposite side, and the willows and flowers are bright and another village"; the joy is that "the first time in history", "the manifesto", "the propaganda team", and "the seeding machine" will be the "Long March" "It ends with our victory and the enemy's defeat"; the joy is that "as soon as the Long March is over, a new situation begins" (quoted from "On the Strategy Against Japanese Imperialism").Looking back on the battle history of the Long March and looking forward to the prospects of the development of the revolution, how could the Red Army not be happy and happy? "Geng" has a comparative meaning, and the thing of "more gratifying" is relative to other gratifying things.It is a joy to cross Wuling and Wumeng Mountains, it is a joy to cross the Jinsha River and fly over the Luding Bridge, and it is even more joy to cross the "thousands of miles of snow" in Minshan. "Gengxi" not only reveals the internal connection between the last couplet and the first two couplets, but also echoes the "not afraid" of the first couplet, making the whole poem a rigorous and integrated structure. It also shows the optimism and cheerfulness of the Red Army. The revolutionary spirit of forging ahead.

"Seven Laws The Long March" has a vast realm, a vast and far-reaching atmosphere, a vigorous artistic conception, a majestic momentum, unrestrained emotions, and a magnificent conception.It is a shining pearl in the vast sea of ​​poems and a rare epic in the history of Chinese literature that sings about major historical events.