Chapter 22 Recalling Qin'e · Lou Shanguan

The west wind is strong, and the geese in the sky are called frost morning moon. , the sound of horseshoes breaking, and the sound of horns choking. , Now step forward from scratch. , the setting sun is like blood. This poem was first published in the January 1957 issue of "Poetry". The words using this word card first appeared in "Selected Words of the Tang and Song Dynasties" edited by Huang Sheng in the Song Dynasty.This song "Recalling Qin'e Loushanguan" was written by Mao Zedong after the victory in the Battle of Loushanguan. It was first published in the January 1957 issue of "Poetry" without indicating the time of writing. When People's Literature Publishing House published "Mao Zedong's Poems" in December 1963, the writing time was marked as "February 1935".The upper column of this poem is about the Red Army's march to Loushanguan, and the lower column is about the scene after the victory in the battle of Loushanguan.

This poem begins with the three characters "West Fenglie", and its momentum is like a rainbow.In the vast Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, there are often strong winds.It will be early in the morning. When the poet is here, the first thing he feels is the ubiquitous west wind.When Mao Zedong described Xifeng, he used the word "strong".Here, the word "梲" is connected with the word "颲". In "Shuowen Jiezi", it is explained: "Lie, the fire is fierce"; "颲, the strong wind".颲, strong, the two characters have the same origin.Mao Zedong used the word "fierce" to describe Xifeng, and vividly described the size and power of Xifeng, like a raging fire that started a prairie fire, successfully setting off a vast and even a bit sad atmosphere and tone.

The second sentence is "The wild goose in the sky is called the frost morning moon".On the vast plateau, the autumn wind is so strong that any sound can be heard clearly and far away, especially the thought-provoking sound of geese.Following the sound of wild geese, the poet looked up, only to see the frost falling on the four fields, and the moon shining on the eight wastelands. The three characters "Frost Morning Moon" succinctly describe the scene and atmosphere under the moonlight. "Frost morning moon" can be interpreted literally as seeing the moon high in the sky on a frosty morning, but if it is understood that the light of the morning moon is as bright and clean as frost, it is not a bad idea.The artistic conception is clear and thought-provoking.

Immediately afterwards, according to the requirements of the Ci Pai, the poet repeated the rhyme and continued to use "Frost Morning Moon".If the previous "Frost Morning Moon" is about the bright moon in the sky and the dawn of frost, the second "Frost Morning Moon" should be about the artistic conception of the moonlight pouring down on the ground.Complying with this overlapping rhyme effect, it naturally turns from the sky to the ground, which naturally leads to "the sound of horseshoes breaking, and the sound of horns swallowing", which is used to conclude the first film, which is so good that the poem "don't bother with the rope and cut it freely" "(Huang Tingjian's "Fu Shu with Wang Guan") is wonderful.

According to Mao Zedong’s recollection, the first line of this poem wrote that before the Battle of Loushanguan, the army “started early in the morning at a location tens of miles away from Loushanguan, and there was still the moon” (Mao Zedong’s comment on Guo Moruo’s "Happy Reading of Chairman Mao’s "Six Poems of Ci"" revision).Under the circumstances at that time, the soldiers knew that there was an enemy waiting for a fierce battle ahead, so they had to hurry up and run quickly, but they also had to be cautious, so the ranks were highly tense and quiet.In this way, the interspersed sound of hoofbeats and low-pitched horns stands out.Here, Mao Zedong extracted two sound images of "the sound of horseshoes breaking and the sound of horns swallowing" to describe the tense marching process of the entire army. It reflects the state of the entire army's rapid march.

The next part of the poem turns to write about the scene after the victory of Loushanguan Battle: "Xiongguan Road is as long as iron, and now we are going to start from the beginning." "Wandering Road" means not to say.Loushanguan is located on the highest peak of Loushan Mountain in the north of Zunyi City, Guizhou Province. It is built among the steep peaks. It is an important pass into Sichuan and a dangerous place in northern Guizhou. "Guizhou Tongzhi" said that Loushanguan "ten thousand peaks penetrate the sky, and the first line of Zhongtong", which can be described as "imposing the pass like iron".However, with a swipe of Mao Zedong's pen, he used the word "mandao" to understate this grand pass in his words, showing his broad mind and grandeur, as well as his fearless spirit of contempt for hardship and fear of all difficulties—not to mention Lou Shanguan The mountain road is as majestic as iron, and now we are stepping over it again!

The sentence "now stepping forward from the beginning" is the key to the whole poem.In order to better understand this sentence, it is necessary to make a simple explanation of the poet's writing background at that time.When writing this poem, the Red Army was on the Long March, and occupied Zunyi City on January 7, 1935, and conquered Loushan Pass on January 10.In Zunyi City, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, which actually established the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee headed by Mao Zedong.After that, the Red Army left Zunyi and marched towards southern Sichuan, but this intention was discovered by Chiang Kai-shek, and he fortified layers of defenses along the way.The Red Army changed its plan, suddenly abandoned the enemy troops in Sichuan, turned its head eastward, and conquered Loushan Pass for the second time on February 25, reoccupied Zunyi on February 28, annihilated Wang Jialie's troops, and won the first victory since the Long March. Second big win. "Now stepping forward to cross from the beginning", the literal interpretation refers to conquering Loushan Pass for the second time and crossing Rutiexiong Pass again.However, from the perspective of the poet himself, this not only refers to the second crossing of Loushanguan, but also a true portrayal of his own mood at this time.Before the Zunyi Conference, Mao Zedong was constrained everywhere, and the Red Army suffered repeated defeats.But after the Zunyi Meeting, Mao Zedong returned to the core leadership position and led the army to a big victory.His confidence in looking forward to the future and his ambition to lead the army to "surmount from the beginning" are fully reflected in this poem.

Next, the three characters "congtouyue" are further emphasized in the repeated rhyme. From these three characters, a kind of solid strength can be read.And after crossing Loushanguan "from the beginning", the poet came to the top of the mountain and saw a vast mountain, which looked like a vast ocean under the afterglow of the setting sun, with great momentum.When Mao Zedong recalled the creation of the two poems "Cangshan is like the sea, and the setting sun is like blood", he mentioned: "It is the observation of the scenery accumulated for many years in the war. Once you arrive at Loushanguan, the victory of the war and the natural scenery The sudden coincidence resulted in these two sentences that the author thought were quite successful." (Mao Zedong's modification of Guo Moruo's "Happy Reading Chairman Mao's Six Poems") , See you back by the water, fleas and geese are first orioles, flowers bloom and fall, there is a response to the arrival, and there is no other way. It must come by itself, not by force" (Wang Shizhen's "Yuyang Poetry Talk").These two sentences can be described as a blend of scenes.Using a dynamic image like "sea" to compare the vast Cangshan Mountain vividly presents the continuous mountains; using a vivid image like "blood" to compare the setting sun, and describing the bright colors of the setting sun to the extreme.In this way, the objective scene in front of you is completely presented in front of the reader.However, the function of these two sentences is not limited to this, it is also the foothold of the author's feelings.When Mao Zedong recalled the writing process of this poem, he mentioned, "The long march of thousands of miles has thousands of twists and turns, and the success is less than the difficulty. I don't know how many times, and the mood is gloomy" ("Nineteen Poems of Mao Zedong").Therefore, when Mao Zedong climbed to Loushan Pass with the pride of "now stepping forward and crossing from the beginning", such agitated emotion did not flourish further, but calmed down in front of the cruel reality.Looking at the vast mountains in front of him, thinking of the long and tortuous journey of the Long March; looking at the bloody setting sun, thinking of the Battle of Loushanguan and the soldiers who died since the Long March, Mao Zedong's mood became complicated, and finally he became depressed.

Generally speaking, this poem is well-organized and well-structured. Although it is said to be Mao Zedong's work of joy, "the weather is chaotic and cannot be abstracted" (Yan Yu's "Canglang Shihua").The upper and lower lines of the poem present readers with two integrated pictures, with strong coloring, which can easily arouse the readers' nostalgia for that eventful period and the revolutionary feelings in their hearts.The tone of this poem has changed, the upper column is vigorous and sad, while the lower column reveals the author's inner depression with confidence and heroism.However, these two different styles have been well integrated and unified under Mao Zedong's profound writing power.Shen Deqian in the Qing Dynasty said: "If you have the first-class embrace and the first-class knowledge, then you have the first-class true poetry." ("Shuo Shi Yu Yu") Mao Zedong relied on his broad-mindedness and rich knowledge , Only in the bloody storm of the war did such wonderful poems be left behind.