Chapter 21 Three sixteen-character orders

.Looking back in shock, I was three feet three from the sky. (Original Note) The mountains, the seas and the rivers, the huge billows.The gallop is in a hurry, and the battle of ten thousand horses is still in full swing. The mountain, pierced through the Qingtian E, is not damaged.The sky wants to fall, rely on it. Author's note Hunan folk song: "There is Skull Mountain on the top, and Babao Mountain on the bottom. It is three feet and three feet away from the sky. People have to bow their heads, and horses have to get off their saddles." These three poems were first published in the January 1957 issue of "Poetry".

Mao Zedong, who once claimed to be the "King of the Mountain", contained images of mountains in many of his poems, and had a deep love for mountains all his life.This group of small orders dedicated to mountains was written between the end of 1934 and the Long March in 1935. The poet described the lofty mountains he saw and conquered during the Long March with heroic and exaggerated strokes. In October 1934, under the leadership of Wang Ming's "Left" erroneous line, the Red Army's fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" failed.The main force of the Red Army was forced to withdraw from the Central Revolutionary Base, starting from Fujian and Jiangxi respectively, and began the 25,000-mile Long March.After conquering Liping County, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a meeting here on December 18, adopted Mao Zedong's suggestion, and decided to abandon the plan to go north to Xiangxi to join the Red Second and Sixth Army Corps, march into Guizhou, and establish a base on the border of Sichuan and Guizhou. On January 7, 1935, the Red Army occupied Zunyi, the second largest city in Guizhou. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held the famous Zunyi Conference, which established Mao Zedong's leadership in the party and the Red Army.Since then, under the command of Mao Zedong, the Red Army has galloped across the mountainous areas of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan.And these three small orders were written during this period. They described the expressions and spectacular scenes of the various mountains that the Red Army crossed from different angles, and felt the movement of the Red Army from time to time while the mountains were still. The expression, while writing about the Long March of the Red Army is the inside and the heart of the words.

The first poem is about the height of the mountain.The first sentence is the word "mountain", which makes people feel as if there is a high mountain standing abruptly in front of them, with the aura of rising from the ground.A folk song in Hunan says: "There is Skull Mountain on the top, and Babao Mountain on the bottom. It is three feet and three feet away from the sky. People have to bow their heads, and horses have to get off their saddles." To cross such a high mountain that blocks pedestrians is just like "the road to Shu is more difficult than going up to the blue sky." , Most people have to get off their horses and walk when they come, but the extremely brave Red Army soldiers still galloped across the mountain at full speed.When I crossed the mountain and looked back, I realized that the mountain was so high that it seemed to be only three feet three inches away from the sky.There is joy in this astonishment, which is the joy of the soldiers conquering nature, and shows the heroic spirit and fearless fighting spirit of the soldiers.The whole poem is only 16 short characters, and it describes the height of the mountain, but what makes people feel is the pride of the Red Army soldiers marching rapidly among the mountains, and the height of the mountain contrasts the unstoppable power of the Red Army.

The second poem is about the magnificence of the mountain.The mountains are static, but in the author's eyes, the mountains on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau are like surging waves that overwhelm the river.The poet uses movement as a metaphor for stillness, turning stillness into movement, and then uses "the galloping urgency, the battle of ten thousand horses is still in full swing", describing the momentum of the mountains as thousands of horses galloping on the battlefield, and the fierce battle is in full swing.The poet uses huge waves and war horses as metaphors for the mountains, and the aura of the mountains is like the thousands of Red Army fighting in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, breaking through all the difficulties and dangers, with an overwhelming spirit.

The third poem is about the steepness of the mountain.The author uses exaggeration and imagination to write about the spectacular scene of strange peaks and protrusions.He used the sword "piercing the blue sky" to describe the steepness and steepness of the mountain. This sharp "sword" pierced the sky, but the edge was not broken at all.The steepness and steepness of the mountain are well portrayed by the poet, and it is incomparable in the poems written about the mountain throughout the ages.And the imagination in the last sentence is even more magical, reminiscent of the myth of Nuwa mending the sky: "The Gonggong clan and the Zhuanxu clan were fighting for the emperor. Nuwa smelted five-color stones to fill the gap in the sky, and the broken Ao was enough to stand up to the four poles." The heavenly pillars in the myth support the sky, and the poet quoted his meaning, saying that the punctured blue sky seems to be falling down, but fortunately these mountains are like strong mountains. The pillars support the sky so that it will not fall, thus showing the majesty and solidity of the mountain.The same as the previous two poems, the description of the mountain makes people naturally think of the Red Army soldiers who are as strong and upright as the mountain.When the heroic Red Army fought against the Kuomintang army, it was like a sharp sword piercing into the sky and a stone pillar that lifted the sky. It was indestructible and dealt a heavy blow to the Kuomintang, which put the nation at risk.

These three small orders of Mao Zedong portrayed the momentum and appearance of the mountains of Yunnan and Guizhou from different angles.They are independent but complement each other to form a unified whole.The poet used such a majestic style of writing to write Xiaoling, which is unprecedented in the history of Ci creation.Xin Qiji, the leader of the bold and unconstrained poetry circle in the Southern Song Dynasty, once wrote: "I see how charming Qingshan is, but I think Qingshan should be like this when I see it. Love and appearance are slightly similar." character.This kind of prose writing is already a breakthrough to the traditional authentic words, while Mao Zedong, a great man thousands of years later, used metaphor and imagination more boldly and used majestic language to write a novel with a new look. make.Although Zhang Yan, a poet of the Fengya School at the end of the Song Dynasty, once said, "Ci is more difficult than small orders, just like poetry is more difficult than quatrains, but there are only a dozen or so sentences, and one word and one sentence should not be idle, and the last sentence should be paid attention to. It is better if there is more than enough meaning." ("Yuefu Zhimi") emphasizes the implicitness of Xiaoling, and the meaning is beyond words. Only Mao Zedong's boldness and mind can create such a majestic Xiaoling, which can be said to be generous and magnificent.