Chapter 24 Nian Nujiao Kunlun

Born in the sky, reckless Kunlun, reading all the spring scenery in the world. , (Original note) stirred up Zhou Tianhan. , people or fish and turtles. ? , cut you into three pieces? . . Author's note The ancients said that "three million jade dragons have been fought, and the broken scales and armor are flying all over the sky", referring to Feixue.To borrow a sentence here, it is about snow mountains.In summer, when you climb Minshan Mountain and look far away, the mountains are flying, and the whole area is white.The common people said that when Sun Xingzhe passed here, it was a mountain of flames. He borrowed a plantain fan to extinguish the fire, so it turned white.

This poem was first published in the January 1957 issue of "Poetry". Artists all have rich aesthetic emotions, just as Liu Xie said: "Climbing the mountain is full of emotion, and watching the sea is full of meaning." artist.During his extraordinary long-distance trekking life, he had many experiences of climbing famous mountains, crossing great rivers, and viewing the sea. Therefore, he also embraced and chanted the magnificent mountains, rivers, lakes and seas of the motherland with the aesthetic feelings of an artist, and left many famous works. .It is not difficult for people to find that in Mao Zedong's poems with the theme of mountains and rivers, there are many unusual works that appear on the scene. A matchmaking, a symbol.Although this is not a unique phenomenon in the history of Chinese poetry creation, for Mao Zedong, it showed his outstanding artistic personality. "Nian Nujiao · Kunlun" can be regarded as a representative work of this artistic personality.

"Born out of the sky, reckless Kunlun, reading the spring of the world." Appreciators can only "art" if they let themselves be like the author, independent of the world, standing outside the sky, embracing and examining with the mind of the sun and the moon, and the vision of the universe. Master the "mountain".Space——it stretches across the sky, surpassing the world.Time——it can see all the spring and autumn in the world, and we don't know when it will be born and when it will die.The incomparably vast space and incomparably vast time are the Kunlun Mountains that the lyricist feels and wants the readers to feel.How can such a huge mountain not make people feel wild and rough?The word "mang" can express the lofty beauty of this mountain.The vastness of time and space, the roughness and power of form are the important factors that constitute the sublime beauty of natural objects.It should be said that the first few sentences strongly express the author's aesthetic feelings of amazement, admiration, excitement and pride when he saw the famous Kunlun Mountains for the first time. A more direct and simple aesthetic response.These few powerful descriptions are even better than the ancients' famous lines such as "Song Gao Weiyue, handsome as the sky" ("Poetry Daya Song Gao").

"Fly three million jade dragons", comes from the famous sentence of the predecessors "three million jade dragons after the battle".Changing "war stop" to "fly up", for the original sentence, it turns the decline into an erection, and for the object of the description, it is like a nine-turn golden elixir, which makes the vast mountains rise to the nine heavens as a group of dragons dance.This magical imagination was originally generated by the meandering mountains, snow-white as jade, so the ensuing "stirring the sky is so cold" is not so much imagination as it is to hold onto the realism of the snow-capped mountains and reveal the Kunlun Mountains with artistic language. impact on natural climate.So far, the author's lofty aesthetic feeling towards Kunlun, which means "going up from a high mountain", suddenly calmed down because of "Zhou Tianhan", and honestly wrote the word "stir", showing the turning point and change of emotion.

"Summer melts, rivers overflow, people may be fish and turtles." I am still writing about Kunlun, the snow in Kunlun melts in summer, writing about Kunlun can make the Yangtze River and the Yellow River skyrocket, and writing about Kunlun can make people die in the belly of fish.These few sentences follow the "Zhou Tianhanche", with a stern feeling and a bit of chill, the brushstrokes range from mountains to rivers, and the life of the world tells the harm of Kunlun to human beings.Remember, this was the summer of 1935.The author shouldered the heavy historical mission of anti-Japanese national salvation and national democratic revolution. After fighting for more than 20,000 miles, he climbed up the branch of Minshan Mountain and was able to overlook the majesty of Kunlun Mountain.When his eyes turned to the life of the world, how could he linger on his poetic feelings and brushstrokes in the appreciation and description of the natural forms of Kunlun Mountain?How can we not talk about Kunlun's harm to his compatriots and think of the ravages of imperialism on the Chinese nation?How can it not lead to deep thinking about the history, reality and future of the suffering of the Chinese nation?

"Who has commented on the merits and crimes of thousands of years?" This is a deep sigh from a historical giant.The world is long, the world is long, and love is long.How should we comment on this thousand-year meritorious crime? After all, the author is a master of thoughts, feelings and artistic language.He quickly gathered up the emotions that had spread out in the infinite time and space of nature and history, as if after a "nuclear fusion" reaction, and then uttered a thunderous aura: "Now I call Kunlun: Don't be so high, don't be so snowy." The deep and fiery historical and realistic worries and anger were "stirred" by Kunlun.Today, Kunlun is still used to erupt.At this time, Kunlun is no longer the object of the poet's chanting, let alone the object of the poet's aesthetic appreciation.It is just a mere thing that a poet can use to pour out his long-standing ambition and pride.The poet grasped Kunlun's "high" and "snow" and made use of it.He is breaking his drink to Kunlun, and even more so to all injustice and cruelty in the world, and to the imperialists and reactionaries who have brought disaster to the Chinese nation.Warn them not to be bullying, not to endanger humanity.This shout exhaled the dignity of human beings, the righteousness of the Chinese nation, and the aspirations of the masters of the times.

Stop drinking and shouting seems not enough to express the author's ambition.Strong emotions drive the wings of imagination, and a kind of world-shattering fantasy is conjured up: "Ande Yitian draws a sword and cuts you into three pieces?"The Yitian sword he wields is not so much a sword of revenge as a sword of ideals.At this time, the "stirring" jade dragon transformed by Kunlun is neither the object of appreciation nor the object of vendetta.Because of this, in the artistic realm he created, Kunlun was "cut into three pieces", "one piece was left to Europe, one piece was given to beauty, and one piece was returned to the East".What is distributed in this way is definitely not the bloody head and tail scales of the "evil dragon" he vendettaly slain, but the lofty ambition and lofty ideal of "a peaceful world, and the whole world is the same cool and hot".

Mao Zedong once made a self-note to the poem "Nian Nujiao·Kunlun": "Kunlun: The main idea is to oppose imperialism, not anything else. Change the sentence: 'Retain China' to 'Return a piece to the East'. It is wrong to forget the Japanese people. In this way, Britain, the United States, and Japan are all involved. Other explanations are unrealistic." How does the work express the theme of "opposing imperialism"?This theme exists in the artistic realm created by Quanci, and in the emotional tendency that is in perfect harmony with this artistic realm.First of all, after the author "artistically mastered" the Kunlun Mountains as a natural object with extremely vast time and space and extremely rough external shape, the author naturally associated the suffering of the Chinese nation and the people because of the melting snow on Kunlun Mountains and endangering human beings. The history and reality of the past have aroused his anger towards imperialism and reactionaries, and he stopped drinking in anger. This is an artistic expression that contains the emotional tendency of opposing imperialism.If this expression is difficult for people to see clearly, then secondly, the author wields the sword of relying on heaven to distribute the ideal of "peaceful world" to the people of all countries in the world, and enthusiastically hopes that "the world will be the same cool and hot", which is very clear. Contempt, denial and lofty transcendence of the history and reality of imperialism bullying weak nations.The "peaceful world" where "the world is the same cool and hot" is what the author expects and calls for, which is the future he is fighting for.For this future to become a reality, imperialism must be opposed; once this future becomes a reality, there will be no more imperialism.Thirdly, it is obvious that in order to express this theme, the author uses various specific expressive skills such as association, imagination, comparison, symbolism, expressing one's will through things, and making use of the topic.The most wonderful thing is the lower part of the poem, which exerts a high degree of artistic imagination, wields the sword of Yitian, expresses the heroic feelings of the world, and subtly overlaps the magnificent image of the sword cutting Kunlun with the opposition to imperialism and the lofty ideals. Make the theme thought implicit and full of the universe.

Kuang Zhouyi once said in "Hui Feng Ci Hua": "Famous writers, the meaning of the title should be written, you might as well express it in three words. From the rest, you can express your embrace." Use this passage to comment on the song "Nian Nujiao·Kunlun" The artistic personality of the word and its author is very appropriate.