Chapter 16 Butterfly Love Flower·From Tingzhou to Changsha

In June, the heavenly soldiers conquer evil, and the ten thousand-foot-long tassels want to bind the Kunpeng. , Partial teacher borrows heavily from Huang Gonglue. , Sweeping Jiangxi straight to Hunan and Hubei. , Cyclonus fell from the sky for me. This poem was first published in the May 1962 issue of "People's Literature". "Butterfly Love Flowers: From Tingzhou to Changsha", another epic poem "hummed on horseback" by Mao Zedong.The time is July 1930.He held high the torch of the Autumn Harvest Uprising, founded the Workers’ and Peasants’ Revolutionary Army, planted the red flag on Jinggangshan, established the first Workers’ and Peasants’ Revolutionary Base, and led the main force of the Fourth Red Army into southern Jiangxi and West Fujian three times, laying a solid foundation for the later Central Soviet Area. He has been galloping under the hail of bullets for nearly three years.At this time, he was no longer just a scholar who "pointed out the country and inspired writing", nor was he just a political theorist who knew China's social and political situation by heart. , The Marxist revolutionary strategist and invincible military commander who encircled the city with the countryside and finally won the road to national victory.The existence of Mao Zedong, Zhu De and the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army led by them made the Kuomintang's Chiang Kai-shek ruling group panic and restless.However, Mao Zedong's strategy had not been widely recognized by the party at that time, and it often even caused ridicule and rejection.Just a year before writing this poem, he was once forced to leave the leadership position of the Fourth Red Army.In the first two months, that is, in mid-May 1930, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China secretly convened the National Red Army Representative Conference in Shanghai, demanding that the Red Army focus on "attacking traffic arteries and central cities, and destroying the main force of the enemy", and even "correcting mountainism and border separatism". remnants".The previous month, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting in Shanghai, and the "Left" adventurism represented by Li Lisan was in a dominant position. The "Left" adventurism plan of "joining forces in Wuhan and drinking horses in the Yangtze River" was launched.Obviously, these are contrary to the revolutionary strategy that Mao Zedong identified and determined to uphold, and have been proven wrong by history.

The military operation "from Tingzhou to Changsha" began in late June 1930.At that time, after nearly three years of guerrilla warfare, the Red Army of Chinese Workers and Peasants continued to expand in number and improve in quality. and the organized masses of the people in the base areas numbered in the millions. In mid-June, Mao Zedong presided over the completion of the famous "Tingzhou Reorganization", established the First Army Corps of the Red Army, governed the Fourth Red Army, the Sixth Red Army (soon to be changed to the Third Army), and the Twelfth Red Army. Mainly shift to a strategy based on mobile warfare. In late June, he received an order from the central government to attack Nanchang. On June 22, the Front Committee of the First Red Army issued the "Order to Concentrate in Guangchang from West Fujian" in Tingzhou. In early July, Mao Zedong sent a letter to the central government, criticizing Li Lisan's mistakes of "Left" adventurism, advocating the elimination of white strongholds in the base areas, deepening the agrarian revolution, and striving to unite the southern Jiangxi, western Fujian, and western Zhejiang Soviet areas.Li Lisan refused to accept this proposition and ordered to attack Nanchang. On July 20, the Fourth Red Army and the Third Red Army joined forces in Yongfeng, and at the same time issued an order to "advance to Nanchang". Camphor tree was captured on the 24th.Mao Zedong, Zhu De and others analyzed the situation and believed that the main force of the enemy had not been wiped out. Attacking Nanchang was not good for us. Even if Nanchang was captured, it would be difficult to hold on.After arriving at Xinjian across the river from Nanchang on the 30th, the troops were divided into counties such as Fengxin and Anyi to further mobilize the masses, pushing the revolutionary influence from western Fujian and southern Jiangxi through the hinterland of the Ganjiang River Basin to northwest Jiangxi, and pushing westward towards Hunan and Hubei. situation.In order to support the Third Red Army Corps operating in the Pingjiang area of ​​Hunan Province in resisting the attack of the Kuomintang Army He Jian, and to open up the struggle situation in the border areas of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi, on August 3, the Front Committee of the Red Army Corps issued the "Attack to Changsha and Take First". Order of Liuyang", and led the army to advance from Fengxin and Ngee'an areas in Jiangxi to Hunan.

The military operation from Tingzhou to Changsha is not only a process of implementing the decision of the central government, but also a process of pushing Nanchang from the west of Fujian. process.As a military leader, Mao Zedong was deeply inspired by the strength and enthusiasm of the workers' and peasants' revolution that had already risen during the military operation from Tingzhou to Changsha. He was excited and optimistic; And cleverly stick to the correct strategic path that he believes, to preserve, strengthen and develop the hard-won revolutionary armed forces, and constantly expand and develop the achievements of the revolution, so his thoughts are calm and deep.As a poetic artist, Mao Zedong wrote lyrics and chanted the unusual military operation from Tingzhou to Changsha. Naturally, in his works, he would focus on the turbulent and deep-spirited "ideas" that occurred in a specific situation to express his broad and deep inner world.

The upper column of the poem focuses on narrative with artistic techniques such as the intermingling of fiction and reality, and the contrast between front and back, while permeating warm and deep emotional activities. "June Heavenly Soldiers Conquer Corruption", the beginning of the sentence comes abruptly. Firstly, two opposing images of "Heavenly Soldiers" and "rotten evil" are introduced, and they are associated with the word "conquest". The majestic momentum creates an artistic effect that grabs people's attention first.Using "Heavenly Soldiers" to refer to the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army led by the author not only shows its power, but also upholds its justice.Using "rotten" to refer to the enemy is a nominative usage of adjectives, which not only exposes the corrupt and ugly nature of the enemy, but also contrasts the justice and irresistibility of the "Heavenly Soldiers".There is a word "Zheng" in the middle, which can be said to be famous for promoting teachers, and their benevolence and righteousness are self-evident.This sentence falls into ink from the season "June", which seems ordinary, but it is actually full of meaning.It can not only make people associate with "scorching heat" and "heavenly power", but also make people naturally and directly remember "Poetry Xiaoya June" and its "Qiqi in June, military chariots are in order... ...Wang Yu went out to fight, to rein in the kingdom" and other poems, and thus "wrapped the text to fall in love", and experienced that the poet contained in the sentence "June" a kind of feeling that is slightly similar to that in "Poetry·Xiaoya·June". The deep and vast sense of historical responsibility and awe-inspiring righteousness are different in nature.Mao Chuan's so-called ""June" said that the Zhou Dynasty was weak and revived, and the Northern Expedition of King Xuan of the United States", Zheng Jian's so-called "those who remember 'June', send troops in midsummer, and understand their urgency", they can be used as "June Heavenly Soldiers The footnote to the sentence "Let's Collect Corruption".

"The ten thousand zhang long tassels will bind the Kunpeng", as far as the metaphor is concerned, it is a reappearance of the previous sentence; as far as the image creation is concerned, there has been an intriguing transition and transformation. "Wanzhang Changying" and "Heavenly Soldiers" have the same meaning, which is the transition of images; "Kunpeng" corresponds to "rotten evil", and is used to chant to refer to the object the author wants to deny, which is an unexpected image transformation.Previously, the author had the sentence "Kunpeng hits the waves from here" in "Qi Gu · Send Zong Yu Yilang to the East"; after that, in "Qi Lv · Comrade Diao Luo Ronghuan" there was a sentence "rebuke the bully every time he hears bullying the big bird"; In "Niannujiao Birds' Questions and Answers", there is a sentence "Kunpeng spreads its wings, ninety thousand miles away, flipping its horns".Among them, "Kunpeng" and "Big Bird" are both used to refer to the objects praised and affirmed by the author.Here, the reason why the author makes an unusual image conversion, and uses "Kunpeng" to correspond to "corruption" is to not only truly reveal the dual nature of the Kuomintang's Chiang Kai-shek regime at that time, which was weak but temporarily strong, but also vaguely reveal the author's concern for the attack on the center at that time. A deep emotional judgment of the impossibility and danger of the city. The "ten-thousand-foot long tassel" wants to restrain the big Kunpeng who "doesn't know how many thousands of miles away it is", it must be said that it is not weak, but it is easier said than done!

It is along the above-mentioned deep emotional undercurrent that has been vaguely disclosed that the author's thoughts naturally flow to another image space: "There is a red corner on the Ganshui River, and the teacher borrows from Huang Gonglue." The distant view transforms the image space; "Red Corner" creates a dazzling visual image with bright colors.This jumping transformation of space and the creation of vivid images undoubtedly show the author's strong emotional flow, revealing the author's special care for "the other side of Ganshui", which is already a "red corner".After all, this kind of deep emotional undercurrent is difficult to suppress, and even the sentence "the teacher borrows heavily from Huang Gonglue" can be said to be involuntary and beyond words.The reason why the author praises Huang Gonglue in his works is not only because the Red Army led by Huang Gonglue was indeed a reliable "partial teacher" in the military operation from Tingzhou to Changsha, Huang Gonglue himself agreed with it at the critical moment. Supported Mao Zedong's decision to resist the capture of Nanchang; more importantly, he always understood and supported the idea of ​​an armed separatist regime of workers and peasants, insisted on carrying out armed struggles from northern Guangdong to Ganshui in southwestern Jiangxi, carried out in-depth agrarian revolution, and established a red regime for workers and peasants. Made important contributions to the creation of revolutionary bases.It can be said that Huang Gonglue and Mao Zedong were like-minded and congenial in revolutionary strategy, and Mao Zedong was trustworthy and reliable.

From the above, it is obvious that the first and second sentences and the third and fourth sentences of the poem constitute an artistic thinking space with clear layers, interrelated, and interesting contrasts, and the style of writing is also inherited and changed.If the first and second sentences are based on reality and the author thinks in images in the illusionary image space, a ray of deep melancholy emerges hidden in the heroic spirit, and the style is vigorous and dignified; Returning to the reality, it expresses warm praise for the correct strategic path and its successful achievements in the affectionate care, and the style of writing is also lively and light.

In the next part of the poem, the author swayed the pen and ink freely, closely following the meaning and further describing the revolutionary momentum, expressing strong and deep feelings. "Millions of workers and peasants cheering together" is the actual embodiment of virtual images such as "Heavenly Soldiers" and "Ten Thousand Zhang Tassels" in Shangyu, and it is a true description and summary of the situation of the armed struggle of workers and peasants in full swing. The three characters "Qi Yueyue" are extremely dynamic and powerful, which not only eulogizes the revolutionary enthusiasm and high-spirited fighting spirit of the masses of workers and peasants, but also prepares the bow for the development of the image space in the next sentence.

"Sweeping across Jiangxi and hitting Hunan and Hubei", closely following the heroic writing of the previous sentence, the momentum is unstoppable.The military operation from Tingzhou to Changsha, from the west of Fujian and the south of Jiangxi to the north, runs through Jiangxi, almost reaching the whole province, and then advances from the northwest of Jiangxi to push Hunan and Hubei. False pen".In the sentence, the two powerful words "sweeping" and "directly smashing" are driven, and the words are sharp and sharp, like thunder and lightning, which makes the image space of "long tassels" and "red corners" opened up by Shangtie expand rapidly. Expansion is fascinating, without hindrance, it seems to feel the direction of the edge, the red flags are all over the sky, and even sweeping Jiangxi, going straight to Hunan and Hubei is still unfinished, and the emotion cannot be stopped.

At this point, the author took advantage of the situation to turn over the pen, and changed in the sky, from the external image space that has been greatly expanded to the inner spiritual world that is gradually excited: "International Elegy Song, Hurricane fell from the sky for me." Red A corner of the ancient land is leaping with red flags, and millions of rising workers and peasants are taking overwhelming steps, "sweeping" and "smashing" the revolutionary momentum of the old world... This scene itself constitutes a majestic and tragic scene. The moving melody of the times, the human epic.And the "Internationale", which calls "slaves suffering from hunger and cold" and "suffering people all over the world" to rise up and smash "the old world into pieces" and "let the bright red sun shine all over the world", is exactly the melody of this era and the collection of human epics. The song of the world's proletarian revolution, the song of the heart.Mao Zedong was in this situation, playing the leading role of the era of "arousing millions of workers and peasants to work together". It is difficult to distinguish whether it is me who sings "The Internationale" or "The Internationale".The so-called "Hurricane fell from the sky for me" is exactly this poetic witty phrase. What is "Hurricane"?It not only refers to the revolutionary storm, this is the thing; it also refers to the inner emotional waves, this is me.The two are excited and drumming, rushing to the sky, sinking deep in the heart, saying "falling from the sky for me", it is true!

The phrase "Butterfly Loves Flowers: From Tingzhou to Changsha", like many other poetic works of the author, permeates a magnificent momentum that shocks the universe and radiates an inspiring spiritual power.It can be said that this is a style of Mao Zedong's poetry.There are many factors that make up this style.As far as this poem is concerned, the author uses his vigorous writing power to take pictures of military operations spanning thousands of miles as the subject matter, and presents them in an exaggerated manner. The momentum is already in it; the author is good at creating and using romantic mythical images, using Artistic techniques such as transforming space, combining virtual and real, and integrating things and me constantly expand the scope of time and space for the artistic aesthetic thinking activities in the works, thus creating a vertical and horizontal momentum, a deep and majestic atmosphere, and a free and easy demeanor. All things and an artistic realm that shocks the universe will be generated accordingly.Of course, the selection and application of themes and techniques are all related to the author's vision.Mao Zedong was a leader and strategist with a grand mind, a broad vision, and a big hand.The so-called "the first thing to do when writing lyrics" and "the style is the person" are really wise sayings. Predecessors have said that "the realm of Ci is deep and quiet".It is too narrow to hold this point to discuss Su and Xin.If you use this to discuss Mao Zedong's many articles, it can be said to be old-fashioned.It is true that from Su, Xin to Mao Zedong, there are all famous "deep and quiet" works, but stillness can be deep, and movement can also be deep, and "deep movement" can also create a state of perfection and beauty.As far as "Die Lianhua·From Tingzhou to Changsha" is concerned, the whole poem is full of momentum, and everything is in harmony with itself, which has reached the deepest and farthest realm, and has the aesthetic appeal of yearning and emotion.The so-called "there is a calmness in the boldness, so it is especially high", "Die Lianhua·From Tingzhou to Changsha" can be regarded as it. The first and second sentences of the upper part of the poem and the first and second sentences of the lower part of the poem, although the truth and reality are intertwined and have their own meanings, after all, they refer to the same things, giving people a sense of repetition and straightness, which will undoubtedly weaken the poem. Volume and artistic expression of short-key works.This is probably the shortcoming of this word. Author: Chen Dunyuan