Chapter 17 Fisherman's Proud Anti-Fighting First Great "Encirclement and Suppression"

Wan Mushuang was in full bloom in the sky, and the heavenly soldiers were furious. , shouted in unison, and Zhang Huizan was caught in the front. , The wind and smoke billowed for half a day. . Author's note The story about Gonggong’s head touching Buzhou Mountain: "Huainanzi Tianwen Xun": "In the past, Gonggong and Zhuanxu fought for the emperor, and in anger they touched the mountains of Zhou, the pillars of heaven were broken, and the dimension of the earth was lost. The sky tilted to the northwest, so the sun, moon and stars moved; the earth was not full of the southeast, so the water Where the dust returns."

"Guoyu·Zhouyu": "In the past, Gonggong abandoned this way, Yu Yu Zhanle, lost his body in adultery, wanted to block up hundreds of rivers, fell into high hills, and harmed the world. Prosperity, Gonggong is destroyed." (Wei Zhao's note: "Jia Shizhong [according to Jia Kui of the Later Han Dynasty] said: Gonggong, a prince, after Emperor Yan, the surname Jiang also. Zhuanxu's family declined, Gonggong's invaded the princes, and Gao Xin The family fights and the king also.") "Historical Records" Sima Zhenbu "The Book of the Three Emperors": "In the last years of his (according to Nuwa), the princes had Gong Gong, and they were punished by wisdom to be strong, bully but not king, and they used water to ride wood, and they fought with Zhu Rong , overwhelmed and angry, the landslides collapsed, the pillars of heaven were broken, and the earth was missing."

Mao's Note: There are different opinions.I take "Huainanzi · Tianwen Xun", Gonggong is the hero of victory.You see, "when you are angry, you will touch the mountains of the Zhou Dynasty, the pillars of the sky will be broken, and the earth will be lost. The sky tilts to the northwest, so the sun, moon and stars move; the earth is not full to the southeast, so the water and dust return." Is he dead?did not say.It seems that he is not dead, Gong Gong has indeed won. This poem was first published in the May 1962 issue of "People's Literature". The first counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" took place from October 1930 to early January 1931.

At the end of August 1930, in accordance with Chiang Kai-shek’s will, He Yingqin, the commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang army, navy and air force, Wuhan, and battalion chief He Yingqin called Hunan, Hubei, and Jiangxi party, government, and military officials to hold an "appeasement meeting" to deploy a large-scale "encirclement and suppression" of the Central Soviet Area. In October, the Central Plains War ended with the defeat of Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan. Chiang Kai-shek issued a "Double Ten" proclamation, proposing five political policies headed by "cleaning out bandits and communists".Immediately afterwards, the "appeasement conference" was held in Wuhan, and on October 23, the "Military Conference on Bandit Suppression" was convened in three provinces to gather a 100,000 army. , long-distance driving, outside-line combat, aggressive attack", and arrogantly declared, "I think there will be no problem in eliminating the Communist bandits within three months." On October 28, Jiang personally issued an order to "eliminate Zhu Mao, Peng Huang and Fang Zhimin's bandits". After Chiang Kai-shek held a military meeting in Nanchang on December 9, he appointed Lu Diping, the commander of the Wuhan garrison and chairman of Jiangxi Province, concurrently as the commander-in-chief of the army, navy and air force, and the director of the Nanchang camp, and Zhang Huizhan as the commander-in-chief of the former enemy.Facing the enemy was the Red Front Army in the Central Soviet Area, with commander-in-chief Zhu De and chief political commissar Mao Zedong. The participating troops were the First Red Army, the Third Red Army and the Red Guards, about 40,000 people.The Red Army adopted the combat policy of luring the enemy to go deep, and set up ambushes many times. On December 5, Mao Zedong presided over a swearing-in meeting for the army and civilians in the Soviet Area to wipe out the enemy in Xiaobu, and drafted a couplet: "When the enemy advances, we retreat; when the enemy is stationed, we harass; when the enemy is tired, we attack; when the enemy retreats, we pursue; Step forward and retreat, lure the enemy to go deep, concentrate our forces, defeat each one, and wipe out the enemy in mobile warfare.” On December 29, Zhang Huizhan led the 18th Division to approach Longgang, Yongfeng, Jiangxi. The Red Army headquarters made a decisive decision and secretly transferred the main force to near Longgang. gathered in the hinterland of the mountains.The next day, heavy fog covered the mountains and valleys, and the Red Army tightened their ambush circle against the more than 9,000 enemy troops who rushed into Longgang.At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the Red Army launched a general offensive, and none of the enemy troops slipped through the net. Zhang Huichan was captured alive by Red Army soldiers.The Battle of Longgang was the first battle in which the Red Army changed from guerrilla warfare to mobile warfare. The victory in the first battle was of great significance. On January 3, 1931, the Red Army wiped out another brigade of Tan Daoyuan's 50th Division.The Red Army in the Central Soviet Area led by Zhu De and Mao Zedong won two battles within five days, annihilating a total of 15,000 enemies, and shattered the Kuomintang's first "encirclement and suppression" of the Central Revolutionary Base.

This poem, Shangwei, describes the process from the Red Army's ambush in Longgang to its victory in the first battle. "Wanmu's frosty sky is red, and the heavenly soldiers are angry with the sky", which expresses the righteous and inviolable momentum of the red base: Although it has entered the frosty winter, the red leaves of Wanmu are still brilliant; A heroic spirit that overwhelms all enemies.Immediately afterwards, the poet used a splashed ink brush to describe the gloomy atmosphere in the vast mountains and mountains, the severe battle situation and the strange situation: "The fog is full of Longgang and thousands of peaks are dark."The Red Army soldiers ambushing in the steep mountains waited for work with leisure, and responded to the stubborn enemy wisely. "Called in unison, Zhang Huizan was caught in the front", the victory of completely annihilating the enemy's Zhang Huizan's troops ended with the cheers and leaps of the Red Army.During the march, the poet heard the passionate cheers of the soldiers, and the shouts of capturing the enemy chiefs alive in the canyons.This strong sound of victory in the people's war shook the mountains, and instantly aroused the ambition and pride of the poets in the field. Mao Zedong composed the soul-stirring "Fisherman's Pride".

In 1931, Chiang Kai-shek increased his troops to 200,000, and once again launched a large-scale "encirclement and suppression" campaign against the Central Soviet Area.After Mao Zedong got the news that the enemy was approaching, he continued to fill in the next column of the poem. "Two hundred thousand troops re-entered Jiangxi, and the wind and smoke billowed for half a day", which actually wrote that the invading enemy army was aggressive. "Arousing thousands of workers and peasants to work together" highly summarizes Mao Zedong's strategic thinking of breaking the Kuomintang's military "encirclement and suppression" with the people's war. "What is the real iron wall? It is the masses, the millions of people who sincerely support the revolution. This is the real iron wall, which cannot be broken by any force, absolutely indestructible. The counter-revolution cannot break us, but we want to break the counter-revolution "("Caring for the Lives of the People, Paying Attention to Working Methods"). "The red flags are in chaos under the mountains", and the red flags are flying all over the mountains and plains, vividly expressing the poet's firm belief in winning the victory against the second "encirclement and suppression".

There are various theories about the writing process of this poem, which cannot be verified accurately. On April 27, 1962, Mao Zedong said in "A Brief Introduction to "Six Poems"": "These words were hummed on horseback from 1929 to 1931, and they are often forgotten. Comrades from the editorial department of "People's Literature" collected them and sent them to me, asking for publication. I will make some minor revisions and post them." Today, in contrast to the manuscripts submitted by the editorial department of "People's Daily" for approval by Mao Zedong, we pay attention It turns out that the revised draft has made many major changes to the transcript of the text of this poem: for example, the transcript of "Wan Mushuang is red in the sky" was originally "Wan Mu's towering red rice cake"; ", Mao Zedong once changed it to "Autumn Comes a School of Romance", and finally finalized it as "The Heavenly Soldiers Are Angry to the Heavenly Han". "Two hundred thousand soldiers re-entered Jiangxi, and the wind and smoke billowed into the sky for a long time." In the manuscript, it was "one hundred thousand soldiers re-entered Jiangxi, and the planes and artillery knew no limits."And "The Red Flags at the Foot of Buzhou Mountain" was originally written as "Teach him not to return the piece of armor" in the manuscript. The poet once planned to change it to "Bring Houyi to watch the meal", and finally finalized it as "No The red flags of Zhoushan were in disorder."According to Pang Prophet's "Mao Zedong and His Secretary Tian Jiaying" recollection, in 1962 Mao Zedong asked Tian to fill in the lyrics cards for these six poems, and found out the allusion of "Gonggong's anger touches Buzhou Mountain".Various theories are different, Mao Zedong chose a brand-new interpretation of "Gonggong is the hero of victory" in his autonote.

From the opening sentence "Heavenly Soldiers are angry to the sky" to the concluding sentence "The red flags are chaotic under the mountain", the poet broke through the constraints of time and space, and brought the images of Heavenly Soldiers and Gonggong in ancient mythology into the discourse of the new era with rich ink and color. middle. "Rewriting mythology is by no means a simple repetition of mythological stories. He also narrates his own story, which is also one of the functions of intertextuality: while activating an allusion, it also allows the story to be extended in human memory." ( Tifaina Samowayo's "Intertextuality Research") Mao Zedong's magnificent poem "The red flags are chaotic under the mountain" and the historical judgment of "Gonggong is not dead, Gonggong has indeed won", and the traditional mythological image is analyzed. Updating remodeling.The poet’s imaginative leap beyond time and space, the revolutionary’s ambition to challenge the old world, and the historian’s re-evaluation of the ancient myth are finally unified in the new cognition of “Gong Gong is the hero of victory”.From reciting the first draft of "The Pride of the Fisherman" in 1931 to 1962 and 1963, Mao Zedong repeatedly revised the manuscript and wrote notes for the Gonggong myth, which is not only the sublimation of historical knowledge, but also the sublimation of poetic sentiment. "Gong Gong is the hero of victory" not only eulogizes the generosity and lofty aspirations of the Red Army in the difficult and arduous era of fighting against "encirclement and suppression", but also promotes the great confidence of the Chinese Communists who are creating a new world with the spirit of changing the world.