Chapter 14 Rumengling · New Year's Day

Ninghua, Qingliu, Guihua, roads, narrow forests, deep and slippery moss. . . This poem was first published in the January 1957 issue of "Poetry". In the spring of 1929, in order to open up a new situation in the Chinese revolution, Mao Zedong and Zhu De led the Red Army from Jiangxi to Fujian. After hard work, they opened up a revolutionary base in western Fujian.At the end of the year, the Kuomintang government headed by Chiang Kai-shek organized the warlords in Fujian, Jiangxi, and Guangdong to implement the "three-provincial suppression" of the revolutionary base areas in western Fujian.In view of the actual situation that the enemy is strong and we are weak, after discussion, the military headquarters of the Fourth Red Army decided to return to Jiangxi to crush the enemy's encirclement and suppression.Zhu De led the main force to set off first. After Mao Zedong led part of the army to successfully complete the cover task, he also passed through Fujian's Liancheng, Qingliu, Guihua, Ninghua and other places as planned, crossed Wuyi Mountain, and then went to Jiangxi to join the main force of the Fourth Red Army. new struggle.This poem "Like a Dream: New Year's Day" was written on the way Mao Zedong led his army from Fujian to Jiangxi. "New Year's Day" in the title refers to the Lunar New Year, that is, the Spring Festival in 1930.When the Spring Festival comes, the poets and the Red Army soldiers spend time together in the midst of the battle, "One yuan starts again, and everything is renewed." The whole poem is like the rising sun, full of vigor and optimism. The spirit reveals infinite power.

This poem is concise and easy to understand, and it draws the journey experience all the way: "Ninghua, Qingliu, Guihua, the pass, forest, deep moss and slippery road." The first sentence uses three place names in succession to mark the marching route, and the second sentence He also listed the difficult conditions during the march: narrow roads, deep forests, and slippery moss. He selected representative natural objects at that time, and wrote about the difficulties of marching and the dangers of the journey from different aspects.If the above sentence is a linear road map, then the next sentence is a three-dimensional marching picture.Next, "Where is the direction today, pointing directly at the foot of Wuyi Mountain".Also lead the following with questions, and ask and answer by yourself.When asked in question sentences, the power of expression is strengthened in the clause form. The question is direct and the answer is straightforward. "Directly pointing" indicates the direction of the march. It is not directly written, but the discipline of the army is strict, the action is fast, and the poet's mind is overall, and the command is determined, which can also be seen here.Now that the target of the march is specified as the foot of Mount Wuyi, what about the foot of the mountain? "Under the mountain and under the mountain, the red flag in the wind is like a picture." Among the many scenery, the poet chose the red flag, and the red flag in the wind is beautiful and picturesque. On the one hand, it comes directly from the above; The fiery scene is not only a real scene, but also an ideal image. It makes people seem to see the joyful mood of the Red Army on the way, see the growing and raging revolutionary situation, and feel the firm belief and heroic mind of the poet.The language of the words is concise and vivid, clear and clear, the poet avoids the complicated and tends to the easy, and deliberately chooses plain sentences, completely getting rid of the traditional situation of words for people to sing and sing, and sometimes even difficult to understand.What is even more amazing is that the whole article does not use a single allusion, and the words are as clear as spoken language. Even the workers and peasants with low education level can easily understand after listening to it, so they are deeply encouraged and strengthened.

Although the whole poem is as clear as words, it is also good at refining words and sentences. The poet hides the traces of deliberation under the appearance of plain language.For example, the sentence "the road is narrow, the forest is deep and the moss is slippery" shows the actual difficulties on the march, and also symbolizes the difficulties and obstacles on the revolutionary road. At the same time, it also reveals the revolutionary pride of the Red Army soldiers who are not afraid of difficulties and take pleasure in suffering.For the selected things "road", "forest", and "moss", they all use the words "pass", "deep" and "slippery" to point out their characteristics. It is popular and common, but it is extremely accurate, which also shows the author's careful observation of things and careful consideration of language.In addition, there is no word connection between these several objects, but they are juxtaposed separately, but they are integrated into one.This kind of creative technique can also be seen in ancient Chinese poems, such as "the sound of chickens and the moon in Maodian, and the frost on Banqiao" in Wen Tingyun's poem "Morning in Shangshan" at the end of Tang Dynasty, and Ma Zhiyuan's Sanqu "Tianjingsha·Autumn Thoughts" in Yuan Dynasty. "Withered vines, old trees, dark crows, small bridges and flowing water, people, ancient roads and westerly winds and thin horses" are all praised for their unique language expressions and strong artistic effects.In terms of rhetoric, this technique is called Lie Jin. In terms of expression, the juxtaposition of multiple images at the same time can achieve artistic effects far better than the simple superposition of individual things, which actually strengthens and highlights the overall emotional connotation.It is also worth noting that in classical poetry, this technique of juxtaposing words and superimposing images mostly expresses bleak scenes and bleak emotions, which belong to the "cool tone". Although it also talks about difficulties, it contains an optimistic spirit, revealing a kind of belief and pride in despising and overcoming difficulties, which is really a "warm tone".There are multiple images juxtaposed at the same time in the poem, and there is also a single image isolated, such as the "red flag" in the last sentence of the poem "The wind shows the red flag like a picture". The red flag is the flag of the Red Army of Workers and Peasants and a symbol of revolution. The red flag fluttering in the sky depicts a magnificent scene of revolution.Here the virtual and the real are combined, the front and the side reflect each other, ideals and reality are intertwined, and the emotions of the whole article are condensed on this red flag waving in the wind.The choice of red flags can be said to be one against ten, which not only makes the whole work and the whole picture full of bright colors immediately, but also "plays elegantly at the end of the song", sublimating the optimism and revolutionary pride displayed in the whole article.There are places in the words that are unusually appropriate, such as the first sentence of the words.Due to the strict limit on the length and number of words in ancient poetry, it is necessary to cherish ink like gold when writing. It is better to use less people's names and place names, and it is taboo to use more. While clearly marking the marching route and the movement status of the Red Army team, it seems to be at your fingertips, appropriate and quick.Li Bai's "Emei Mountain Moon Song" says in the poem: "Mount Emei's half-moon autumn, the shadow enters the Pingqiang River. The clear stream flows to the Three Gorges at night, and I miss you and go to Yuzhou." Five place names are used in four lines of poems, and It is completely natural, without any obvious overlapping and stacking, which is amazing. The first sentence of "Like a Dream: New Year's Day" seems rough, but it actually contains ingenuity, and it does have the meaning of Li Bai's poem.All masters of poetry and prose can lift weights like light, turning stones into gold. Everything in life can be picked up and incorporated into poems.In addition, in terms of rhythm, the first sentence of this word uses three place names, and the second sentence is followed by three kinds of objects. Although it is not a complete confrontation, there are two words in one sentence, six consecutive sentences, the upper and lower are consistent, and the rhythm is corresponding.All these things seem to be ordinary, but when you look closely, they are indeed swaying and colorful, and the brilliance cannot be concealed.

Cipai originally got its name from Li Cunxu, Emperor Zhuangzong of Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties period, "Like a dream, like a dream, the waning moon and falling flowers and smoke are heavy". The meaning of sorrow and helplessness.In the history of ci, this ci card is indeed often used to express desolate feelings, the emotions expressed are relatively low, and even have a strong sentimental sentiment. Famous ones are the two coherent ci poems by Qin Guan and Li Qingzhao in the Song Dynasty.Qin Ci said: "The distant night is as deep as water, the wind is tight and the post pavilion is closed. The dream breaks the mouse to peep at the lamp, and the frost sends Xiaohan to invade the quilt. No sleep, no sleep, the horses neighing outside the door." Li Ci said: "Last night The rain is dredging and the wind is sudden, and the heavy sleep does not dissipate the residual alcohol. Try the man with the curtain, but the begonia is still the same. Do you know, do you know, it should be green, fat, red and thin." The two words one expresses the coldness of the lonely house guest, the suffering of running around, and the other The sighs expressing the passing of spring and the passing of time are all sad and subtle, with subtle twists and exquisite workmanship, especially the phrase "green, fat, red and thin" in Li's Ci is a good sentence, but it also clearly reflects the true nature of grace.However, in this poem "Like a Dream: New Year's Day", the poet is contrary to the past, expressing high and cheerful emotions with traditional graceful lyrics, which is quite different from the previous works of the same tune.The sentimental words that were originally graceful in nature, but in the poet's writing, show a hearty sentiment and an optimistic spirit. Originally regarded as the end of the road, the words suitable for shallow singing are used to express revolutionary pride. It is the creation and contribution of the poet to the Ci, which can be said to have sung a new voice for the ancient tune of Ci.