Chapter 52 Twelve Miscellaneous Poems (Part Four)

My husband has ambitions all over the world, but I wish I don't know how to grow old.Relatives live together, and children and grandchildren still protect each other.The strings are on the strings and the sun is shining, and the wine in the honor is not dry.Slow down to make fun, get up late and go to bed early.Who is like a man of the world, with ice and charcoal in his arms.Return to Qiulong for a hundred years, use this empty name to say! The pure temperament and natural language are the style and function of Tao poetry.The innocence of his temperament contains profound and rich thoughts; the naturalness of his language also comes from his proficiency in kung fu.Zhong Rong's "Poetry" said that the poems with the highest attainment should be "the one who makes the taste infinite", and Tao's poems are the most so.The fourth poem of Tao Yuanming's "Miscellaneous Poems" expresses the joy of free life, the language is very open-minded, and its implication deeply expresses a persistent and serious attitude towards life.

"My husband has ambitions all over the world, and I wish I don't know how to grow old." The first two sentences are the comparison of a person's attitude towards life, and they are the outline of the whole poem. "Husband" is the following "scholar in the world", and "Zhi Sihai" refers to his aggressiveness.Tao Yuanming himself is different from the ambition of a "husband", but hopes to "forget about worries with pleasure, and not know that old age will come to Yuner" (this is borrowed from "The Analects of Confucius Shuer").The following six sentences will start to describe his various pleasures. "The relatives are in the same place, and the children and grandchildren will protect each other." The gathering of relatives and the protection of children and grandchildren first means abandoning the official and returning to the family. It can be seen that Tao Yuanming regards being an official lightly, and attaches great importance to the love of flesh and blood and family happiness. The "one place" in "relatives share one place" and the "joy" in "the love words of relatives" in "Gui Qu Lai Ci" are both love words. You must understand the "protection" of "children and grandchildren also protect each other".During the Jin and Song Dynasties, killings and wars were endless year after year. Being able to protect the children and grandchildren is not an ordinary thing, but the most real blessing and joy. "The wine is not dry when the strings are on the cup, and the wine in the wine is not dry." Tao Shu of the Qing Dynasty noted: "Dry, dry. It has the same meaning as Kong Wenju's wine in the wine is not empty." Wine, You Xi is not empty.This is another pleasure for poets.If you are restrained by the government, how can you be so carefree.Disclose the news, especially in the following two sentences. "Easy to have fun, get up late and go to bed early." The word "slow" should not be let go easily.We remember the famous story recorded in Xiao Tong's "Tao Yuanming Biography": Tao Yuanming was Peng Zeling, "Huijun sent the governor to the county, and the official asked: 'You should see him with a belt.' Tao Yuanming sighed and said: 'How can I be a five-dou Mi folded his waist and turned to the children in the village!' I will leave my job today, and I will write "Return to Come"." As for the three characters of "full of joy and entertainment", it is a general description of all the joys written in these six sentences.If the next sentence "was up late and went to bed early", if it is understood as laziness, it is inappropriate. "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Field" says: "Morning Xing cleans up the waste and filth, and brings the moon lotus back." Tao Yuanming is so hardworking.These two sentences are unkempt, unrestrained, go to bed early and get up late, and have fun in it, which really means to get rid of all kinds of troubles of "should be seen with a belt" and "go against one's own self" in the official circle forever.The above six sentences are all ordinary things, but they are also the most real things. They all mean that after abandoning the official and returning to seclusion, they will no longer lose themselves, and they mean freedom.A person who does not depend on himself but does what his heart desires is a truly happy person. "Which one is like a scholar in the world, with ice and coal in his arms." It's not like the scholars of the world, their hearts are full of conflicts, like ice and coal added together! "Although the characters in Jin and Song Dynasties are noble, they all want official positions. One side talks about it, and the other side recruits power and accepts goods." (Tao Shu's note "Mr. Jingjie Collection" appendix quotes Zhu Xi's words) Among them, those who can write poems Scholars, when they write poems, they are also "aspirations deep in Xuanmian, and chanting Gaoyang; they are obsessed with engine affairs, but talk about people outside" ("Wen Xin Diao Long · Emotional Cai").At that time, the morality of scholars was false and untrue. The phrase "the arms are full of ice and charcoal" really hits the nail on the head. "Returning to Qiulong for a hundred years, use this space to name Taoism." Ming He Mengchun noted: "Xie Lingyun's poem "Diaoluling King" 'As soon as the past disappears, An Yongkong is famous', the meaning is the same." The solution is very good. .The whole life will end in the grave, so why call it an empty name!An empty name is exactly what the scholars of the world are chasing after.A life of chasing empty names is ultimately a life of losing oneself.An independent and free life is a real life.The value of the two kinds of life, who is positive and who is negative, has been clearly revealed in the poem.

Looking back at the first sentence "Husband Zhisihai", it turned out to be a subtle language. A "scholar of the world" who is "full of ice and charcoal" is really not a real husband.The so-called "four seas" is nothing but the private interest of "Zhi Shen Xuan Mian" and "encouraging power and accepting goods".Its name does not match the reality, but it is like ice and charcoal.Tao Yuanming was originally a person with "violent ambitions everywhere", but in the troubled times of the Jin and Song Dynasties, an upright scholar often couldn't even save his own life, let alone realize the ambition of the world?To withdraw from dark politics, not to join forces with others, and to preserve independent and free life and personality, this is a true and precious ambition.Through the broad-minded words in the whole poem, one can experience Tao Yuanming's serious attitude towards life.