Chapter 53 Twelve Miscellaneous Poems (Part Five)

Recalling that when I was young, I was happy without joy.Ferocious aspirations escape the world, Qian He thinks far away.As time goes by, this heart is gone.There is no re-entertainment in the value of joy, and there are often many worries.The strength gradually weakens, and I feel worse every day.The boat in the ravine is not even for a moment, and I can't live without it.What is the future, but where the mooring is unknown.The ancients cherished every inch of shade, thinking about it makes people afraid. For human beings, the spirit of cherishing the value of life and cherishing an inch of Yin is evergreen.Reading the fifth poem of Tao Yuanming's "Miscellaneous Poems", I often feel a very kind touch, and I think about the reason for it.

"When I recalled my youth, I felt happy without joy." Tao Yuanming is good at pointing out life experiences that are well-known and learned but not observed, and he uses very natural and concise language.This is often both surprising and intimate.These two sentences are a good example.The poet recalled his youth, even if he did not encounter happy things, his heart was naturally filled with joy. The word "自" in "no joy from happiness" is accurately and subtly written, and it directly expresses the infinite vitality and happiness of the young life itself.It goes without saying that this is an upward sentiment of life. "Feng Zhiyi is everywhere, Qian He thinks far away." The upward spiritual life is educated by culture, and then sublimates "Meng Zhi".According to traditional culture, Zhi mainly refers to political aspirations. The fierceness of "Mengzhi" highlights the vigorousness and fierceness of this ambition. "Yi" highlights the greatness and transcendence of this ambition. "Qianhe" means to spread the wings, and "zhu" means to fly.The ambition is to surpass the four seas, just like a great roc spreading its wings, aiming to fly high and far.The above four sentences recall the mood of life in the youthful age, and the poetic sentiment is calm, but there is a tendency to fly. "As the years go by, this heart is gone." As the years passed, the ambition of that year gradually left me.The poetic sentiment has also turned into depression. "It's worth the joy, but there is always worry." Even if you encounter happy things, you can no longer be happy. On the contrary, you often have deep worries.These two sentences describe people's experience in middle age and old age, which are in profound contrast with the first two sentences.The poet does not say anything about his experience and era in a nutshell, but asks for himself.So what I write is actually a refinement of life experience, a sense of crisis in life itself. "The strength is gradually weakening, and I feel worse day by day." The strength gradually declines, and I feel worse day by day.Deeply aware of the gradual aging of physical life, this is only the first level of his sense of urgency. "There is no need for a boat in the ravine, and I can't live there." "The boat in the ravine" comes from "Zhuangzi·The Great Master": "The husband hides the boat in the ravine, and hides the mountain in the marsh. It is said that it is solid, but in the middle of the night, those who are strong carry it and go away. .” Here, the metaphor of life is borrowed from the word “gully boat”.It can be proved by looking at the word "Zhibo" in the next two sentences, which is inherited from "Guzhou".These four sentences are coherent in tone.Life is passing away, without stopping for a moment, so that you can't stop moving towards aging. "How much is the future, but where is unknown." The future road of life, I don't know how far I have to go, and I don't know where the destination of life will be.In connection with the "mengzhi" above and the conclusion below, the implication of these two sentences is actually a hidden worry of unfulfilled ambition.Life is increasingly limited, and the value of life has not yet been realized. This is the second level of his sense of urgency.The conclusion is a further level: "The ancients cherished an inch of shade, thinking about it makes people afraid." The value of life is realized in every inch of time, and an inch of shade is a pity.The ancients cherished an inch of yin, and thinking about it can't help but make people vigilant and vigilant!Cherish an inch of Yin, and read this warning, which shows that Yousi is working hard. This is the third level of his awareness of urgency, and it is also an improvement of his awareness of urgency.The two concluding sentences are deep and powerful.Its meaning of revelation is always new.

The theme of Tao Yuanming's poem is a sense of life's crisis.The characteristic of this kind of sense of urgency is that the physical life is gradually aging, and the value of life has not yet been realized, and finally the self-awareness of working harder and harder.According to the Chinese cultural tradition, there are three modes for realizing the subject value. "On the great (tai) there is morality, followed by meritorious service, and secondly there is Liyan. Although it will not be abandoned for a long time, these are the three immortals." righteous.In Tao Yuanming's life, although he failed to achieve meritorious service, he was immortal in both morality and speech.Reading his poems, if you want to see him as a human being, it can be said that if there is no spirit of "the ancients cherish every inch of shade, reading this makes people afraid", it would be unimaginable for Tao Yuanming to become Tao Yuanming.

The full-page poem presents a desolate and deep style.In the poem, it contains the joy of youth, the worries of middle and old age, and the vigilance and fear of cherishing an inch of yin.The wave of poetic emotion also changes from flying to sinking, and finally ascends upwards.The whole poem embodies the basic characteristics of Tao's poetry, which are simple and profound.This feature is actually one of the acme of Chinese poetry art attainments.