Chapter 28 Migrating to the Second Song (Part Two)

There are many good days in spring and autumn, and I ascend to write new poems.Call each other more when passing the door, and drink it carefully.Farming goes to each other, and lovesickness in leisure time.Lovesickness wears clothes, and never tires of talking and laughing.This reason will not win?Do nothing and go here.Food and clothing should be disciplined, and hard farming will not deceive me. The predecessors commented on Tao, all of which were flat, and also said that "everyone who writes plain ancient poems must have deep words and simple principles, and think that the bones can be immortal" (Shi Buhua's "Xian Mai Shuo Poems").Tao Yuanming was born in the Eastern Jin Dynasty when metaphysical poetry was popular for a hundred years. It is a fashion in poetry circles to "exceed reasoning and insipid speech", so it is not difficult to achieve plainness with reason as the bone. Dry, quality but solid, can be transformed into deep and simple philosophy in the sincere and open-minded affection, and find the natural joy of life from the care and diligence of the pastoral farming.You can know this meaning by reading the second part of Tao's poem "Migrating".

Tao Yuanming abandoned Peng Zeling and returned to Chaisangli in the first year of Yixi. Four years later, the old house caught fire.In the seventh year of Yixi's reign, he moved to Nancun Village in Nanli. He was forty-seven years old. "Relocation" was written shortly after the move. There are two poems in total, both of which describe the joy of interacting with the neighbors in Nancun, and each has its own focus.One is that although the new house is dilapidated and low-rise, there are many people in Nancun who are indifferent and indifferent, so it is quite enjoyable to spend mornings and evenings with them, talking about the past and the present.The second is to write about how to live in harmony with neighbors after moving, to take care of food and clothing when busy, to work hard, to come and go freely in leisure time, and to talk and laugh endlessly.The whole poem writes about self-satisfied happiness with a free hand, stringing together the trivial things about neighbors in daily life into a smooth flow.The first two sentences "there are many good days in the spring and autumn, and new poems are written when you ascend the heights", alluding to the ending of the first poem, "appreciate the wonderful prose together, and analyze the doubts and meanings".Here, the word "chunqiu" starts with the word "chunqiu" and summarizes the whole article, explaining that the narration in the poem is not about "generating true interest by chance" (Xie Zhen's "Siming Shihua"), but the joy that often occurs in life throughout the year.Every time in the sunny spring or the autumn when the sky is high and the clouds are clear, climbing high and composing poems with a bright mind has always been cited as a wonderful thing for literati.For Tao Yuanming, after the Chaisang fire, he moved to Nancun, and he felt even more gratified to have this resort.Climbing high is not only in spring and autumn, but also in agricultural holidays. Spring planting and autumn harvesting are busy seasons, and taking a break from busy work, climbing high and composing poems, the fun of which is definitely beyond the comprehension of leisurely leisurely scholar-bureaucrats all day long. What's more, there are "suxin people" in the same village who can enjoy new poems with them?Therefore, the elegance that scholar-bureaucrats often have has an unusual meaning in this poem.These two sentences have deep intentions but come out casually. Although there is no word to describe the scenery, the scenery is clear and refreshing, which is enough to enjoy. The poet's expression is superb, just like at present.

Moving to Nancun is not only the joy of climbing high and composing poems, but also the joy of drinking with neighbors: "When you pass the door, you call each other more, and you drink and drink." The comprehension of wine tasting poems seems to be acceptable between the four sentences.Calling through the door, there is no need for the formalities of invitations between scholars and bureaucrats, and the attitude of the village is more casual.Yelling and yelling, without any scruples about the demeanor of speech and behavior, the tone is rough, which shows the sincerity of affection. "Xianghu" may mean that the neighbors have wine, so they come to drink poets specially; it may also mean that the poets have wine to drink with neighbors, or neighbors come to visit when they have wine, and when the poets have wine, they drink together and enjoy new poems together. .Du Fu said: "I am willing to drink with my neighbor, and drink all the remaining cups from the fence." ("Drinking by Tian's father's mud") All kinds of realms can be appreciated in these two sentences of Tao's poems, so they feel more implicit and inexhaustible.

Of course, people don’t drink and have fun all day long. They are usually busy with farming, and it’s interesting to get together when they have free time: "Farming goes to each other, and lovesickness in leisure time. Lovesickness always wears clothes, and when you talk and laugh." They invite each other to drink, and go home when they have something to do. In this small South Village, how real and sincere is the relationship between people! "Return to each other" originally refers to farming at home when the farming is busy, but it is literally connected with the drinking in the previous sentence, and the meaning of the sentence has the same meaning, giving people the impression of going away after drinking and busying themselves with farming.This is just like the first four sentences, using the vague coherence between the sentences, from the two aspects of time sequence and poetic internal connection, it easily and freely integrates the common trivial things in daily life into a whole.This sentence not only resists the matter of beckoning in the previous sentence, but also leads to the feeling of lovesickness in the next sentence.Go back when you are busy, miss you when you are free, and get together again when you miss each other, which seems to repeat the meaning of calling each other through the door, forming a loop. The repetition of syllables is more fluent and free.This kind of back-and-forth composition is more common in Chinese poems, such as "Su Wu Poems", ancient poems "There are tall buildings in the northwest", "Xing Xing Xing Xing Xing", etc., most of them have the effect of singing three sighs due to overlapping loops and songs full of emotion. charm.Tao Yuanming does not use the repetition of the composition, but only forms a reciprocating emotional charm based on the loop of meaning.What's more, this is not a simple repetition, but a poetic deepening.Going through the door for drinks, you can only see the sincerity of his affection, and lovesickness in leisure time, you can see the depth of his friendship.Standing up in cloaks, it can be seen that even if you have already fallen asleep, it will not hinder you from meeting each other at any time. After meeting, you can talk and laugh endlessly, which makes the poetry further.If it is said that the door-to-door call is based on the relationship between the neighbors, it shows that the communication between the poet and the villagers does not need to be restricted by ceremonies, then wearing clothes and talking and laughing shows that their gathering is not restricted by the customs in terms of time.Therefore, to write to the extreme the simple friendship between the poet and his neighbors is to pour out the joy of nature without hypocrisy and pretense.At this time, the poetic sentiment has reached its climax, and it is very natural to elicit the exclamation of "this reason will be overwhelming, and doing nothing will go away": Isn't this kind of fun more beautiful than anything else?Don't leave here in a hurry!These two sentences hold on to the title of emigration and express the desire to live here for a long time, which is also a summary of the joy of past obedience mentioned above.I don't say "this joy", but "this reason", because there is reason in the joy, and from the joy of being free and comfortable, I realize that the philosophy of life of letting nature is higher than everything else.On the surface, the natural principles embodied in this fast and self-sufficient pleasure are no different from the metaphysics of natural views of ordinary aristocratic scholars and bureaucrats in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Wang Xizhi said in "The Preface to the Collection of Lanting": "My wife's relationship with each other, I look up to her for a lifetime, or take her arms in her arms, and meet and talk in one room; , when he is happy with what he meets, gets it for himself temporarily, is happy and self-sufficient, and never knows that old age is coming." It seems that it can also be used to explain the true interest in the second part of Tao Yuanming's "Moving".But for the same joy of "communication between people" and "rejoicing in encountering each other", their substantive content and expression methods are quite different.The gentry of the Eastern Jin Dynasty believed that they were noble and superior in social status. They took daily food to keep in good health, talked about metaphysics, and the people they met at banquets and gatherings were all aristocratic families and celebrities for a while; Doing nothing, pretending to be elegant; the metaphysics they rely on, although seemingly unfathomable, are actually just parasitic philosophies that are empty and unrestrained.Although Tao Yuanming's view of nature is still based on metaphysics, his interest in nature is to break away from the dust net of hypocrisy and filth, and regard the countryside as a paradise for returning to simplicity; the people he associates with are simple and hardworking farmers and like-minded neighbors The metaphysics he entrusted is simple and clear, which is the true meaning of life that he realized after participating in agricultural labor.Therefore, the last two sentences of this poem "Suddenly follow the farming, use food and clothing as hard work to harvest, Gaidi spends time with each other, it is easy to deal with shortages, how can the joy last long, and use this to warn yourself, meaning that there is no harm in the beginning, but with the pen It will change abnormally" (Zhang Yugu's "Appreciation of Ancient Poems").At the end, it is pointed out that the root of the joy of nature lies in hard work, which is the core of Tao Yuanming's view of nature. "There is a way in life, and food and clothing are solid. Which one does not work, but seeks to be safe?" ("Gengxu Years September in Xitian Gathering Early Rice") The poet believes that life can only be based on productive labor and self-supporting food and clothing. In order to appreciate the tranquil natural scenery, enjoy the pure human friendship, and understand the highest metaphysics—the way of nature.Obviously, this kind of "theory of doing things naturally" that advocates hard work is in direct opposition to the "theory of doing nothing in nature" that the Eastern Jin gentry favored leisure and hated work.This poem starts with music, ends with diligence, and intersperses with farming in the middle. Although it is mainly about writing music, it ends with diligence as the foundation.The whole article lists the loose affairs of daily communication, and runs through it with the natural joy of being free and easy. The words and feelings are close to each other. Slow but solid and very natural.

It can be seen from this that it is good to use reason as a solid foundation in poetry, especially those who are noble should be good at using reason in emotion.At the turn of the Jin and Song Dynasties, the mysterious wind was raging, and ordinary poets could talk about it.The reasoning elements in landscape poems are mostly discussed by later generations, while Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems produced at the same time also have many works of reasoning, but they have won a high reputation.The reason is that the landscape poems that have just broken away from the metaphysical poems mostly use natural proofs, and the reasoning is superimposed on the words; while Tao poetry can use emotion to reason, and the reason is integrated into the emotion. Reasonable and true feelings are integrated into the imagery.This calm and natural state has set a high artistic standard for future generations.