Chapter 29 Two Poems of Nostalgic Farmhouses in Spring at the Beginning of Kuimao Years

I heard about Nanmu in the past, but I didn't practice it back then.Since there are people in the sky repeatedly, how can Chunxing be immune to it?In the early morning, I pretend to be my driver, and I am in love with myself.The birds enjoy the new festival, and the cool wind sends Yu Shan away.The cold bamboo is surrounded by desolate trails, and the land is far away from rare people; so the old man who planted the stick will never return leisurely.That is to say, if you are ashamed of general knowledge, what you protect is superficial. The teacher has a legacy, worry about the road and not the poor.Looking forward is difficult to catch, turning desire and long-term diligence.Bing Lei enjoys current affairs, Xie Yan persuades farmers.Pingchou is far away, and the good seedlings are also full of new ideas.Although I haven't measured my merits, I'm glad that there are many things to do.There is a time for farming, but the traveler doesn't care.When the sun enters the phase and returns, the pot of pulp works for the neighbors.Changyin covers the chaimen, chatting for the people of Longmu.

In the 1930s, there was a famous debate between Mr. Lu Xun and Mr. Zhu Guangqian on the evaluation of Tao Yuanming.The debate involved a wide range of issues, and the central disagreement was: Mr. Zhu believed that "Tao Qian is great because he is quiet all over." He is respected as quiet because he has been shrunk by writers and excerpts, and he has been shortened." He further pointed out that there are also "King Kong's glaring" works in Tao's poems, which proves that the poet is not all day long.However, the reason why Mr. Zhu came to the conclusion that Tao Yuanming was quiet and serene should not be completely fabricated. The basis is precisely that Tao Yuanming has indeed written a large number of works focusing on the countryside; moreover, this opinion was not initiated by Mr. Zhu. As early as the Sui Dynasty, Wang Tong said in "Wen Zhongzi": "If you ask Tao Yuanliang, the master said: "Let people go." "Going Back" has the intention of avoiding places, and "Biography of Mr. Wuliu" is almost I'm in retreat'." Wang Zao of the Song Dynasty said in his "Floating Stream Collection": "The joy of the mountains and forests, many scholar-bureaucrats know how to enjoy it...to Tao Yuanming...to explore and explore, to enjoy the fun of mountains and rivers Myriad realms are in my chest, where forests and domes are beyond my eyes, the sound of springs and birds are my ears, the wind, cloud, mist and rain, vertically and horizontally merge and disperse between the conflicts and mist, and those who feel in my heart, I will take them all. I think it is used for poetry and wine. Gai Fang is self-satisfied with the expression of words and meanings. Although the universe is vast and far away from ancient times, there are chaos, rise and fall, right and wrong gains and losses, and ever-changing changes. The old ones are not enough to tire my truth He Zhanzhi of the Ming Dynasty put it more succinctly in "The Preface to the Collected Works of Tao Wei": "The scholars in the Jin Dynasty planted their festivals in the autumn of Bandang, and their minds were outside of fame and fortune. Dust and vulgarity, doing nothing, so the words are all true."

This evaluation is naturally one-sided.In fact, Tao Yuanming is really the first pastoral poet in the history of Chinese poetry development.With diluted and free-spirited brushstrokes, he drew pictures of beautiful and quiet pastoral scenery for us, such as Dongli Nanshan, green pine garden, autumn chrysanthemums, birds at sunset, dogs barking in deep alleys, chickens crowing on treetops, accompanied by the protagonist The artistic realm constructed by the feeling of being isolated from the world and indulged in poetry and wine is so lofty, profound, ethereal and peaceful!However, careful readers will not always feel Tao Yuanming's resignation to the countryside, drinking and composing poems as a last resort in his poems, but in fact he has not forgotten the reality and is full of worry and indignation!

We might as well read his "Nostalgic Farmhouse".This is a picture woven by the poet with pastoral scenery and nostalgic reverie.The poem is divided into two poems, expressing the same theme and ideological purport.The first one starts with "I heard about Nanmu in the past", describing the labor process.It depicts the beauty of the natural world, remembers the ancient sages and sages, and praises their lofty integrity of plowing the fields and keeping themselves clean.However, the author is still not satisfied, and then uses the hard practice of the second teacher's legacy "worry about the road and not worry about poverty", narrates the joy of field labor, and associates the ancient hermit's long-term desperation and obsession with behavior, and Deeply aware of the rarity of people who worry about the Tao, it ends with the door behind the door and long chant "talking about being a long-mu people".These two poems are like the upper and lower parts of a long-tune poem. The content is closely related, and the performance is chanted repeatedly, with ups and downs and profound meanings.But the whole poem is harmonious and consistent, plain and natural, without fake decorations, it is really so-called natural.It is as if the poet stands in front of the readers and opens his heart. He neither thinks nor chooses words, but pours out what he does, feels and thinks without reservation.This poem is neither made nor recited, but flows from the poet's heart.Ming Xu Xueyi said in "Shiyuan Bianti": "Jingjie's poems have natural syntax and clear meaning, which is similar to the book "Mencius". It is not allowed to say that Mencius has no intention of writing. Even if there are no traces, how can it be enough to know the sages and sages! It is especially easy to know about Jingjie from this." In addition, he said: "Jingjie poems are written directly in one's own heart, and they will naturally be written." The third said: "Jingjie poems are beyond reach Some writers write directly in their own minds, without embellishments, so their words are round and full of energy; there are others who see the truth and the world thoroughly, so their words are simple and full of meaning." These all reveal the unique characteristics of Tao's poems. Style and high artistic achievement.

Diluting nature is a literary style, which is a special realm of literature and art.Here, I melt into things, completely forgetting myself and even without myself; here, the gods and the scenery are connected, the mind wanders in the things and the spirit moves with the scenery.Its acme is remoteness, tranquility, and the sounds of nature.In this way, Tao Yuanming's "Niaoxiao celebrates the new festival, and the cool wind sends the rest of the good", "Pingzhou meets the distant wind, and the good seedlings also cherish the new", have become eternal swan songs.Yes, without embellishment but better than embellishment, this is a dialectic of art.However, there is indeed a poet's arduous artistic labor in this process. It is a process of abandoning carvings and returning to simplicity, and it is difficult to achieve this artistic creation without solid hard work.

This poem describes the beauty of the field and the joy of farming, and also expresses the author's nostalgia.What he thinks about and praises are Yan Hui who is poor but eager to learn, who does not care about farming, and Confucius who is peaceful and happy, and especially admires the ancient hermit He