Chapter 27 Moved to the second song (Part 1)

In the past, if you wanted to live in Nancun, it was not for divination of its house.Hearing a lot of plain-hearted people, happy and counting mornings and evenings.I have been pregnant with this for many years, and I will serve here today.Why should the disadvantaged hut be so wide? Take enough to cover the bed mats.Neighborhood songs come from time to time, and protests are in the past.Appreciate the strange texts together, and analyze the doubts and doubts. In June of the fourth year of Emperor Yixi of Jin'an (408), Tao Yuanming's old house in Shangjing, where he lived in seclusion, caught fire, and he temporarily made a boat his home.Two years later, he moved to Xunyang South Village (now outside Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province). The second song "Migrant" should be composed after emigration.The first one is about the original intention of moving to seek friends, and the happiness of the neighbors in the past.

In the whole poem of Yin Wei, every four sentences is a level.The first four sentences: "In the past, if you wanted to live in Nancun, it was not for divination of its house. I heard that there are many plain-hearted people, and I am happy to count the morning and evening." Looking back on the past, start with the word "Xi", linking emigration and seeking friends. See meaning, focusing on the word "le".The ancients were superstitious. When you move to a house, you should first calculate it and ask about the auspiciousness. If the house is auspicious, you will move to it.But there is also an old proverb: "It is not a house that is a divination, but a neighbor is a divination." ("Zuo Zhuan Three Years of Zhaogong") The immigrants do not care about the good or bad of the house, but the good and evil of the neighbors.The poet uses his meaning to show that he has long been yearning for Nancun, and the divination of the house is not for auspicious feng shui, but for seeking friends and having fun together.Three or four sentences make up Buju's mood. "Plain-hearted person" refers to a person with a pure and kind heart.The old saying refers to Yin Jingren, Yan Yanzhi and others.Count, calculate.The poet heard that there are many people with good heart and quality in Nancun, and he is willing to spend the day and night with them.Tao Yuanming lived in the era of "the true wind is gone, the great hypocrisy is flourishing, the days of Luyan's slack and incorruptible retreat, and the heart of the market to drive easy progress" ("Ganshi Buyu Fu"), he is full of hypocrisy, deceit, exploitation, and strife. The social atmosphere is heartbroken, but he is unable to set things right, so he can only clean himself up, retire to the countryside, and work hard for self-sufficiency.Seeking friends, not following others, not praying for blessings, but only choosing good neighbors, is the expression of the poet's lofty sentiments and inner personality.The middle four sentences: "I have been pregnant with this for a long time, and I will serve here today. Why should the evil house be so wide, take enough to cover the bed mats." From the original intention of Buju to the emigration as wished, it is a poetic turning point and deepening.This service refers to the matter of moving. "Bad house", dilapidated house, here refers to a simple new residence.The poet once again stated that the desire to move to Nancun had been there for a long time, and now it has finally come true.His joyful feelings are beyond words.Then he said, as long as you have good neighbors and good friends, it doesn't matter if the house is small, as long as it can cover a bed and a mat, why should it be spacious?I don’t ask for a splendid mansion, but only for neighbors to spend the morning and evening together. Although the disadvantaged house is small, it is fun to enjoy it.In the pursuit of housing, throughout the ages, many people of insight have shown a lofty spiritual realm.Confucius planned to live in the ethnic minority areas in the east. Someone said to him: "The place is too simple, and Confucius replied: "A gentleman lives there, why is there such a shabby place?" ("The Analects of Confucius·Zihan") Even though I was broken, I still called out eagerly in my sorrow: "And there are tens of thousands of mansions, which can shelter the poor and the poor in the world. Woohoo! When I see this house suddenly, my hut will be broken and frozen to death!" ("Thatched House for "The Song Broken by the Autumn Wind") promotes oneself and others, showing a lofty feeling of worrying about the country and the people.Liu Yuxi wrote an inscription for the shabby room: "If the mountain is not high, there will be a name if there are immortals; if the water is not deep, there will be a spirit if there is a dragon. This is a shabby room, but my virtue is sweet." Gao Jie's morality and aspirations, in terms of aesthetic temperament, are similar to Tao Yuanming's poem.The last four sentences: "Neighboring songs come from time to time, and anti-words talk in the past. Appreciate the strange prose together, and analyze the doubts and meanings." Describe the joy of being a friend in detail.Neighborhood, that is, neighbors.In the poem "Farewell to Yin Jin'an" written in the seventh year of Yixi (411), the poet said: "I lived in Nanli last year, and Bo Zuo was a neighbor when I was young."Protest and talk enthusiastically.In the past, refers to the past.The friends mentioned in the poem are mostly scholars.The content of the conversation is naturally different from "meeting with farmers without miscellaneous words, but Dao Sang Ma Chang" is limited to farming (see "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Field"), but with the characteristics and hobbies of scholars.They reminisce about the past together, talk freely and unreservedly, appreciate strange prose together, analyze difficult prose and meaning together, travel freely in the sea of ​​learning, and pursue spiritual communication.When the poet created the two poems "Migrant", he was in his middle age of forty-six or seven years old.This is the period of maturity in all aspects of life.The fun and charm of middle age lies in having a good understanding of life and yourself, so that you can do what you can and are willing to do, and enjoy the life you can enjoy.Like Tao Yuanming's other works after he returned to the field, the two poems "Relocation" give people a clear and strong feeling: the poet hates the dark and dirty society, and despises the ugly and hypocritical officialdom, but he does not hate life.In his sincere love for the rural countryside, relatives and friends, he found the joy of life, the destination of life, the comfort and rest of the soul.High-spirited, free-spirited, yet loving and yearning for life, with a unique and cordial sentiment, both emotional and rational, the charm of Tao Yuanming's poems first comes from his poetic love and grasp of life and nature.

The style of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems has always been known for its simplicity, plainness, naturalness and sincerity.This unique style is just the externalization of the poet's qualitative and natural personality.Judging from this poem, the emigration described is a very common thing, but when the poet writes it carefully, the readers feel kind and interesting.The language used is as ordinary as spoken language, gentle and sublime, seemingly simple, but mellow to chew, sincere to think about, and far-reaching to understand.If you write about emigration, you can get your wish: "Why should the evil house be so big, take enough to cover the bed mats." Purely everyday spoken language, directly expressing life insights. The word "Why bother" is straight and profound, reflecting the general mentality of chasing fame and profit at that time.Another example is that when a poet writes about the harmonious and honest friendship between neighbors, he only expresses it as "coming from time to time", which can be described as saving pen and ink and attracting people's daydreams.Appreciate the strange prose, use the word "together" in the form, analyze the doubts, and use the word "together" in the form, all of which are expressive pen and ink.It is all right if you appreciate your own novels and analyze your own doubts, but the interest will drop sharply, and it will not be able to deepen the theme of the joy of emigration.And the continuation of "together" and "phase and harmony" makes the mood of enthusiastic protest ready to come out, making "common appreciation of strange prose, analysis of doubts and doubts" become a wonderful line of poetry, which has won the appreciation of readers through the ages.Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Yuyin Cong Hua Hou Ji" commented on Tao Yuanming's "Stop Wine" poem: "'Sit only in the high shade, and walk only in the door of the Pimen. The delicious taste stops the garden sunflower, and the great joy stops the childish child.' I have repeatedly tasted it. , and then I know Tao Yuanming's intentions... Therefore, if I sit under the shade of a tree, I will be envious of the vast mansions and halls. If I stop walking in the door of the Pimen, I will go to the city and enjoy the depths of the market. Good taste stops at eating sunflowers in the garden , then Wuding abbot, why do I want to be. If the joy stops at mere childish play, why would I be happy with Yange and Zhaowu." To achieve this kind of state of mind and life, it is necessary to go through long-term ideological struggle and painful life experience before you can Those who have a wise understanding of life are like the rivers and seas that contain myriad confluences.Tao's poems seem ordinary, but they make people feel a special charm in the aftertaste - "Ask the king, how can you be far away from yourself"; …… After reading such verses, you may suddenly understand some of the contradictions in life that you used to be confused about, and at the same time feel the poetry, get an explanation, and face the kaleidoscope-like life with a calm and broad-minded mind.Tao's poems are light but flavorful, with beautiful appearance and elegant charm, which is also vividly reflected in the poem "Migrating".