Chapter 75 An Attempt to Revaluate All Values ​​The Will to Power Section VII

the will to power attempt to revaluate all values Section VII <263> Understanding and revealing moral issues—this seems to me the new mission and the big deal.What has hitherto occurred in moral philosophy I have denied. <424> Scientificity is hypocrisy-one must not pretend to be scientific where science is not yet fashionable, but true researchers also put on a vanity of methods that are not yet fashionable.Nor should we apply deductive and dialectical mis-arrangements to distort things and ideas that people see differently.Kant thus distorts his introverted psychological predilection with his "morality"; a recent example is the ethics of Herbert Spencer. - How our thoughts come from the mind, we should not conceal and distort these facts.The most profound and inexhaustible books, perhaps, always have the aphorism and abruptness of Pascal's thought.Drivers and valuations are already below the surface; their impact is first to emerge.I am against all false and hypocritical scientificity:

1.Refers to the method of argument, if it does not correspond to the origin of the thought; 2.Refers to the requirements for methods that are simply impossible to produce in a particular scientific epoch; 3.Refers to the demand for objectivity, that is, the demand for cold, impersonal.Here, as in all valuations, we describe ourselves and our inner experience in two words.There are all sorts of ridiculous vanities in the world, such as Saint-Bervie, who resented all his life that he did show some tenderness and passion in "for" or "against", if he would take these facts out of his How good it would be to erase in life!

① Saint-Bovi (1804-1869) - that is, Charles Augustine, French literary critic and writer. ——Translator <899> Our psychologists, whose eyes can't help but fixate on the symptoms of mental decline, have repeatedly warned us not to trust the spirit.Men only notice the softening, pampering, and unhealthy influence of the spirit: but now a new savage will appear: cynic; seducer; conqueror; Spiritual superiority with ease and abundance Unity of energy. <658> 1.Organic functions are nothing but forms of the fundamental will, the will to power. Chi. — and detach from it.

2.The specialization of the will to power in order to survive, to acquire property, tools, servants (obedient ones), to be rulers: the human body is an example. - A strong will commands a weak will.There is no causality at all other than will for will's sake.It cannot be explained by mechanism. 3.All living things have thoughts, emotions and desires.What is the desire to be different from that which stimulates a sense of power with some obstacle (much more strongly than with rhythmic inhibition and counterinhibition) - resulting in an undulating movement.In this way, it is not difficult to understand that all happiness contains pain. If the happiness is great, the previous pain must be very long, and the bowstring of the whole life must be very tight.

4.Spiritual functions.Shape the will, assimilate the will, etc. <967> Has one a right to regard all great men as villains?It is not necessary to take individuals as examples.They often play hide-and-seek so well that they are also well-behaved and well-groomed.They are often virtuous and self-disciplined in a serious way, but out of cruelty—and things like that often lead people to be deceived.Some people misunderstand themselves in the long run; great missions challenge refined qualities, such as a sense of justice.The fundamental thing is this: the greatest men may have great virtues, but then the very opposite of virtues.In my opinion, it is the existence of opposites, the emotions of opposites, that can produce a great man, this bow full of strings.

<132> We became good Europeans.What distinguishes us from patriots?First, we are atheists and amoralists.But above all we stand for the religion and morality of the herd instinct, which is the use of these things to prepare a class of men who will one day fall into our hands, and who in fact certainly desire to fall into our hands. The other side of good and evil. — We must demand unconditional and strict protection of herd morality. We must keep several philosophies that must be learned; sometimes, pessimistic philosophy can be used as a hammer; European Buddhism may be indispensable.

We can also support the development and maturation of democratic tendencies.Because it helps soften the will.We regard "socialism" as a system of meat, which makes people sit still. attitude towards peoples of various countries.Our prejudice is that we value the fruits of hybridization. Watching, rich, powerful.Laughing at the relevant "press" and its cultural upbringing, we fear that a man of science cannot become a writer.We scorn any education that goes along with reading newspapers, or simply writing for newspapers. We take the unexpected attitude (like Goethe, Stendhal) and emphasize our experience as a foreground so that we can be deceived by our own background.We ourselves have to wait, and prevent being disturbed by it.These experiences serve to us only as inns in which travelers lodge. —We have to beware of feeling at home.

We have a principle of will before those around us.All energies are devoted to developing willpower, an art that allows us to wear a mask, an art that understands the other side of passion (sometimes referred to as "hyper-European" thinking). This is the preparation for future lawmakers and masters of the planet.If we can't, at least our children can. This is my basic idea of ​​marriage. <956> The same conditions which drive the development of herds will drive the development of the head animal. <108> The Germans aren't big yet, but they're getting something.They are not yet civilized—that is to say, they can still be uncivilized! —They are nothing yet.That is, they are kaleidoscopes.They have to make a difference: that is, they will cease to be kaleidoscopes one day.Fundamentally speaking, the situation mentioned later is only a wish, and there is even no hope in sight.Fortunately, people can live with their wishes.The cause of the will, the cause of labor, the cause of domestication, the cause of domestication, seems also the cause of anger, the cause of longing, the cause of hardship, the cause of unhappiness, the cause of pain, indeed,—in short, our German Man wants to ask himself to do things that no one else has thought of - we want to do more than that!

Something better than the "education" of today's Germany will belong to the Germans we are not yet; all becoming beings who perceive contentment in this realm, the "ease" of boredom, or "narcissism" Must be furious.This is my second principle.I have not changed my mind on this issue so far. <129> Ideological enlightenment is a necessary means to make people more independent, less willful, and more need to form gangs.In short, to promote the development of herds among people.This is how all the great ruling artists of the past (Confucius in China, the Roman Empire, Napoleon, the Pope, when all these people simultaneously cast their eyes on the world and unabashedly pursued power) were at the height of their ruling instinct. During the period, they also used the reason of ideological enlightenment. —or at least allow freedom of movement (like the Renaissance Pope).The self-deception of the people on this point, such as in previous democratic movements, is of great research value.Under the guise of "progress" it will make man baser, make man more submissive to rule!

<91> The influence of depression and pessimism continued to follow the Enlightenment. Around 1770, people had already noticed that righteousness was declining.Women, with their grouping for the purpose of virtue, instinctively hold that immorality is responsible for the above situation.Galliani was right, quoting Voltaire: "A merry spirit, Better than a boring emotion. " If I now suppose that Voltaire, and even Galliani (who was a deeper man) - were born some centuries before the Enlightenment: how far must be the distance to the period of depression!It would be a pity that I discovered in time the wrong consequences of German and Christian bigotry and the pessimism of Schopenhauer and Leopardi, and sought the most principled form (—Asian—).However, in order to stand up to this extreme pessimism (which mine shows from time to time), in order to live alone in a world "without God and morality", I had to imagine my opposite.Perhaps, why lonely people laugh, I know best in my heart.Because he was so tormented that he had to invent laughter.The most unfortunate and saddest animal is at the same time the happiest.reasonable.

①Gacomo Leopardi (1798-1837) Italian world-weary poet. - translator <659> Take the flesh as the criterion. —If the "soul" is a fascinating and mysterious thought, philosophers are rightly obsessed with it—now, philosophers have learned to put it in its proper place, so that it becomes It becomes more alluring and more mysterious.This is the human body, by which the most distant and most recent past of the development of all organic life has been revived and made flesh and blood.A boundless, silent stream of water seems to flow through it, pass it, and rush away.For the body is a more amazing mind than the old "soul".No matter in what era, it is better to believe in the body than to believe in our incomparable real estate and most reliable existence-in short, to believe in our ego than to believe in the spirit (or "soul", or not called the soul, but the subject, that is, as taught in schools now).As soon as he had a brainstorm, he thought that his own stomach was alien and a bit divine. There had never been such a person.However, they think that their thoughts are "apocalyptic", that their valuations are "received by God", and that their instincts are hazy behaviors-human history fully proves this kind of human preferences and aesthetics.Today, artists in particular, are often overwhelmed, apprehensive, and hesitant when they are asked about the causes of their masterpieces and the means of realizing their best ideas, about the source of their creative ideas.Because, when others ask such questions, their expressions are a bit childlike and shy, and they don't even dare to say: "This is my inspiration, created by my hands". —On the contrary, even those philosophers and priests who, from their logic and their piety, had the most reason to think that their bodies were an illusion (and a overcome and undoubted illusion) were also obliged to admit This stupid fact that the physical body does not disappear.For, whether in St. Paul's or in Vedanta's philosophy, one can find proofs that one cannot imagine.But what does the power of faith really mean?Nothing!Therefore, a strong belief may be a stupid belief after all! ——This is something to think about—— ① Paul - one of the apostles of Jesus, formerly known as Saul.He converted to Jesus in 31 AD, was arrested by the Romans in 55 AD, and beheaded in Rome in 67 AD. - translator ② Vedanta philosophy is the Brahman sect based on the Vedas. - translator In short, it is no longer doubting that belief in the flesh is the result of inference, that is, if it is a false inference—as the idealists say—if belief is the cause of the inference. its own credibility?If many, space, time, and motion (whatever the premise of belief in the body) are all fallacies, what doubts does this arouse about the mind?For the formation of these premises is the work of the mind.Say no more, in short, faith in the flesh is always better than faith in the spirit.Anyone who intends to damage the former belief is tantamount to completely damaging the belief in spiritual authority! <618> When it comes to the attempts to explain the world so far, it seems that mechanistic explanations prevail today.Obviously, this interpretation is well-conceived.Science itself does not believe in any progress and achievement unless such progress and achievement are achieved by mechanistic procedures.Everyone knows this procedure, because people try to ignore "reason" and "purpose" as much as possible.They say that, given time, everything can become something else.If one reduced the apparent deliberateness contained in the "fate" of a vegetable or egg yolk to squeezes and bumps, one would not be able to restrain a gleeful chuckle.For, in a word, the principles they sincerely worship are utterly stupid, pardon me for joking with such a serious matter.Here, among the select sages who remain in the movement, a sense of foreboding and apprehension is palpable.It seems that there are holes in the theory that, sooner or later, come to an end, and I mean the kind of holes that no one cares about despite the urgency of the situation.One cannot "explain" the squeeze and the collision, one cannot escape the action of keeping one's distance.As people lose faith in the explanatory power itself, and sullenly admit that the world is explained by dynamism, because it denies "the void" and uses the argument of atoms in small clumps, it will dominate physicists in the near future mind, but it can only describe, not explain.Of course, in this way, dynamism acquires an inner quality—— <619> The concept of the all-conquering "force" with which our physicists have created God and the world still has to be fleshed out.Because an inner meaning must be given to this concept, which I call "will to power", that is, the insatiable desire to show power, or to use and exercise power as a creative instinct, and so on.Physicists can't get rid of the "distance effect" according to their own principles, and it's also hard to get rid of the limitation of repulsive force (or attractive force).These things are useless, because one should understand all movements, all "phenomena", all "laws" as symbols of inner phenomena.For this ultimate purpose, the analogy of man should be used.All the desires of animals can also be said to be derived from the "will to power"; all the functions of organic life also come from the same source. <545> I believe in absolute space as the basis of forces.Because I think space is limited and tangible.Time is eternal.However, there is neither space nor time. "Becoming" is nothing but phenomena (or, for us, mere perceptual processes).If we insert a regular cycle of reincarnation among these phenomena, it is nothing more than an argument for the fact that this is what happens all the time.It is not difficult to understand that the feeling that the latter is the former can easily be derived as a misunderstanding. However, the phenomenon cannot be the cause. <549> "Subject," "object," "attributive"—these divisions are artificial, and they now apply like patterns to every apparent fact.This basic point of view is wrong, that is, I think I am a person who makes a difference and endures hardships, and a person who "owns" something is a genius. <645> It is believed that "heredity" is an incomprehensible thing that cannot be used as an explanation, but can only be used to describe and determine a certain problem.This is the so-called "adaptability" problem.In fact, by morphological description, even if heredity is considered to be perfect, it is incomprehensible, and it only describes a mysterious fact.Just as an organ can be used for a certain purpose, this is not easy to explain, and these problems cannot be explained only by the terms "purpose" and "motivation". The notion of "cause" is merely a means of expression, not of description.