Chapter 60 (17) On Zhao Mengfu's Poems

Songxue poems are bright and elegant, but unfortunately the texture is too loose, and it makes a noise from time to time①.Qi Gu Lue learned from Dongpo, but it is firm and can be recited.If it is said by the world, its seven laws are deliberately vigorous and vigorous, and it is not enough to succeed Chen Jianzhai and Yuan Yishan, and the bottom has been enlightened before and after the seven sons②.But the nature of the pen is soft and graceful, but every time it is revealed unconsciously, it is forced to twist the fingers and make a hundred refinements, and every time it is seen that it is reserved and expressive, like a camel without horns, and its ears are fast, like a dragon girl participating in Zen ③, wanting to prove male fruit.The traces of imitation are not removed, and there are many idioms, like children imitating posts.For example, in the poem "See Zhang De Yi Poem Because of Its Rhyme", from the beginning of the language to the quatrains of "Chunsi", "the grass is green and the willows are yellow" and so on.The epilogue strips Li Shangyin's spring quatrains alive, "every day the spring light fights the sun light" and so on.If there is also a similarity in the spirit and taste of the two works, then it will be a match.In one question and in one poem, many characters appear again, and even two characters appear three times in one poem.This is what Wang Jingmei said in "Yipu Xieyu" that "the ancients did not avoid it, but now people think it is a disease". In volume Ⅴ of "Yunxi Youyi", Tang Xuanzong and Li Fan's poems on examinations for Jinshi are recorded, and the reuse of one word is used as a statement. It is not surprising that people in the Tang Dynasty did not recognize this as a taboo for modern style poetry.Only Zhang Wenqian's "Ke Shan Ji" has the most seven rhymes of this disease⑥, and the rhymes have come back.Compared with Songxue, it is slightly better than that.However, singing, sighing, opening and closing is a hand.The former is Mi Dian's "Bao Jin Ying Guang Ji" poem ⑦, and his manner is blunt; the latter is Dong Xiangguang's "Rongtai Ji" poem 8, which is mediocre and worthless.But Songxue's three masterpieces in painting, calligraphy and poetry are really like the Jin of the horse.The paintings of the people of the Yuan Dynasty are most concerned with the appearance of the gods, and are mainly simple and elegant; the poems of the people of the Yuan Dynasty are mostly sketched and cornered, and they only focus on fineness and smoothness, which is a kind of fine brushwork in paintings.Songxue Changyun: "Today's people paint, but they know how to use slender brushes and rich colors. My paintings seem simple and straightforward, but those who know them know that they are recent."It's not as good as its poetic environment.

It is like the quatrain in "Dongcheng" in Volume 5 of "Songxuezhai Ji": "Peach blossoms in wild stores are red and pink, and willows and willows are green and shredded tobacco on the streets. If you don't see off guests to Dongcheng, you will never know the spring." See the willows outside the Golden Gate" poem ⑩; "The willows outside the Golden Gate will hang gold, and if they don't come for three days, they will become a green shade. Take a branch and go into the city, so that people will know that spring is deep." Zhao's poems are colorful and thin, and the language of the tribute poems is simple and clear. It can be distinguished that the release of pine snow is straight and dry.Dongpo's so-called "poetry and painting are the same", is it true?For details, see my article "Chinese Poetry and Chinese Painting".Ni Yunlin from my hometown said to himself⑾: "Painting is easy and sloppy", and the poems in "Qing Mi Ge Ji" are all beautiful and detailed, which is also an example.Song Xueyan in Volume 9 of Tao Zongyi's "Stop Genglu" ⑿: "It is not good to write poems with empty words, and it is better to fill up the two couplets"; , and all contain Songxue's words: "The following things in Tang Dynasty will not be ancient." The discussion of the seven sons of Ming Dynasty started here.It is the opposite of Fang Xugu's theory that Qilu is expensive to use imaginary characters⒁.Therefore, in "Tongjiang Sequel", Dao Ziang did not worry more than 20 times, all of which were only promoted by calligraphy and painting, and the words were not as good as poems.One follows the waves of the Song Dynasty, and the other traces the threads of the Tang Dynasty. The family law is originally straight to the ears. (Pages 95-96) ①Songxue: Zhao Mengfu was named Ziang, and his name was Songxue Taoist.He has written ten volumes of "Song Xue Zhai Ji".Liu Liang: Clear and clear.

②Chen Jianzhai, Yuan Yishan: Chen Yuyi, Yuanhao question marks.The poems of the two are vigorous and vigorous.The seven sons before and after the Ming Dynasty: the seven people headed by Li Mengyang and He Jingming in the Ming Dynasty are called the former seven sons, and the seven people headed by Li Panlong and Wang Shizhen are called the last seven sons.They advocate that poetry must flourish in the Tang Dynasty, literature must be in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and they should learn from vigorous and ancient poetry. ③Dragon girl participating in Zen: Daughter of the Dragon King Suojiluo, eight years old, comprehending the Dharma and becoming a Buddha.See "Lotus Sutra" 12 "Deva Datta Pin".

④ Wang Jingmei: Wang Shimao characters, there is a volume of "Yipu Xieyu".Shen Yunqing and Wang Mojie: Tang poets Shen Quanqi and Wang Wei.There are comeback words in a poem. ⑤ "Yunxi Youyi": written by Tang Fan, three volumes. ⑥ Zhang Wenqian: Zhang Lei, named Keshan, has seventy-six volumes of "Wanqiu Collection". ⑦ Mi Dian: Song Mi Fu, styled Yuanzhang, is a literary genius, better than calligraphy, and painted landscapes and figures. Because of his refined behavior, he is known as Mi Dian.There are eight volumes of "Bao Jin Ying Guang Ji".Baojin is the name of Fuzhai, and Yingguang is the name of Futang.

⑧Dong Xiangguang: Ming Dong Qichang characters, there are nine volumes of "Rongtai Anthology" and four volumes of "Poetry Collection". ⑨ "Pei Wen Zhai Calligraphy and Painting Manual", imperially ordered by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, 100 volumes. ⑩The nature of tribute: Yuan poets, there are seven volumes of "Nanhu Collection". ⑾Ni Yunlin: Ni Zan, a painter of Juyipin, has twelve volumes of "Qing Mi Ge Ji". ⑿ Tao Zongyi: Ming scholar, there are 30 volumes of "Stop Farming". ⒀Lu Youren: Yuan Luyou characters, there are two volumes of "Yanbei Magazine".

⒁Fang Xugu: Yuan Fanghui number, there are thirty-seven volumes of "Tongjiang Sequel". This is a poem about Zhao Mengfu in the Yuan Dynasty, and it is said that his seven ancient sketches learned from Su Shi, but it is firm and can be recited.For example, "Inscription Qian Shunju Plain Pear Blossoms": "The east wind blows the sun and the flowers are dark, and the complicated skills overwhelm the snow and the wind and dust. Su Luo's clothes reflect youth, and there are people in the pear garden in his eyes. Pantiao Nongfang fears the sun and the evening, and only the color is on the paper. The color is good, and the sorrows turn a lot, let's sing a song with Jungu wine."

This is a poem that can be recited after a little study of Su Shi.Let's talk about his Qilu again, and the one that is passed down is "The Tomb of King Yue'e (Fei)": "On the tomb of the king of Hubei, the grass is separated, the autumn is desolate, the stones and the beasts are dangerous. When traveling to the south, the monarchs and ministers despise the country, and the elders and elders in the Central Plains look at the flags. The hero is dead, and the world is divided. Don't sing this song to the West Lake. The water is beautiful and the mountains are beautiful. Unbearably sad." This is intended to be a vigorous and healthy body.Like "Jijiuyou" again: "In February, the warbler flies around the south of the Yangtze River, and the trees and willows are full of flowers. Numerous fan fans fall into red, tender green and passionate dancing clothes, golden ducks burn incense in the river, and painted boats return in the moonlight. Now In the lonely east wind, the wine is speechless to Xihui."

This is to describe the feeling of the ups and downs of the past and present, and it contains the feeling after the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty.But the so-called "soft and gentle writing style is always revealed unconsciously." His "See Zhang De Yi Poem Because of Its Rhyme": "The water color is clean, the moonlight is yellow, and the pear blossoms are pale and white. The willow flowers are fragrant. Even if you look at the seasons to urge people, you will feel the sorrow of spring and the heart of the guest. Without wine, it is difficult for Tao Ling to drink. From everyone Laughter is wild. The south of the city is warm and there are few tourists, and the wind is warm and the wind is hundreds of feet long." Mr. Qian pointed out that the first sentence imitated Jia Zhi's "the grass is green and the willows are yellow", that is, the word "color" is used.The last sentence imitates "every day, the spring light fights the sun light", because there is spring light in the sunny silk.

Mr. Qian also pointed out that there are repeated words in a poem, that is, in a regulated poem quoted above, there are "urging people", "congren" and "tourists". Repeat the three "person" characters.Wang Shimao said in "Yiyuan Xieyu": "Poetry is not taboo by the ancients, but now people think it is sick.... For example, Shen Yunqing's "Heaven and Earth" is the third "He", to Wang Mojie, there are many, if "Muyun Empty Moraine', 'Jade Target Carving Bow', two 'horses' are under pressure, 'One returns to Baishe, never to Qingmen', 'Qinghai-Tibet is reflected by the water, white birds turn to the mountains', 'Green' means white 'Re-emphasis, these are all misconduct points, and must not be used for self-writing." According to Shen Yunqing (Qi Qi) "Across the Shore with Du Yuanwai's Examination Words": "The sky is long and the land is wide and the mountains are divided. Go to the country and leave home to see Baiyun. The scenery of Luopu is so similar, the miasma in the mountains is unbearable. Where are the people floating in the south, and the geese in Hengyang in the north. The rivers and mountains in the two places are more than ten thousand miles away. When will I pay homage to the holy king?" The three "he" characters are "so", "where" and "when".Wang Mojie (wei) "Out of the Fortress": "Juyan outside the city to hunt Tianjiao, the white grass is burning in the sky. When the clouds are empty, the horses are driven, and the plains are good at shooting eagles in autumn. Protect the Qiang school and take advantage of the barriers and break the barbarians. The general went to Liao at night. The jade target, the horn bow, the pearl, and the horse will be reined in, and the Han family will give Huo whoring Yao." This poem has two "horse" characters: "drive the horse" and "rein the horse".Another example is Zhang Wenqian (Lei): "When the tree falls and the wind blows high, the anvil and the pestle are injured, and the lonely city leaks into the autumn growth. The cold life is sparse and people have no dreams, and the trees in the courtyard have frost after the moon passes. The sycamore tree is like a fallen leaf, and the cricket knows the time to untie the bed. Sick and sleepless every year, quietly sticking an incense stick to Shurangama.” Here, there are two characters for “木球” and “报洞”, and two characters for “无梦” and “无梦”.This refers to the repetition of characters in Qilu as a disease.

Let's talk about Zhao Mengfu's three masterpieces of poetry, calligraphy and painting, which are better than Mi Fu's poems, calligraphy and paintings. Mi Fu's poems are blunt, but better than Dong Qichang's poems, calligraphy and paintings, which are mediocre.Only Zhao Mengfu's poems, calligraphy and paintings are good and can match.The paintings of the people of the Yuan Dynasty are simple and elegant, which is what Zhao Mengfu said is simple and straightforward, without seeking details, but their poems are rich in color, which is inconsistent with their paintings.Mr. Qian questioned Su Shi's saying that "poetry and painting are all equal".Mr. Qian said in "Chinese Poetry and Chinese Painting": "Su Shi's "Dongpo Inscriptions" Volume 5 "Shu Mojie <Lantian Misty Rain Picture" said: "When you taste Mojie's poems, there are paintings in the poems; There are poems in the paintings'"; "Eight Views of Fengxiang? Wang Wei and Wu Daozi Paintings" put it more clearly: "Mojie's poems are old, and Pei Zhi followed Fangsun. Looking at this mural today, it seems that his poems are clear and honest." This means that "poetry and painting are the same", that is, the style of poetry and painting is the same.According to Zhao Mengfu's sketches, Mr. Qian's poems are thick and delicate, which shows that the styles of poems and paintings are not consistent.Take his "Dongcheng" as an example: "The peach blossoms in the wild store are in red and pink, and the willows in the street are green and shredded tobacco." Here, the color word is used, and two metaphors are used, which seems to be colorful and delicate.Finally, I talked about Fang Hui not calling Zhao Mengfu's poems, because his designs are not in line with Fang Hui's ideas, so I won't talk about his poems.