Chapter 9 Chapter Nine: The Flourishing of Literature and Art in the Reign of Emperor Wu

Chapter Nine: The Flourishing of Literature and Art in the Reign of Emperor Wu Emperor Wu was talented and general, but he was quite advocating Confucianism.After ascending the throne, the prime minister, Wei Wan, asked to play the words of Han Fei, Su Qin and Zhang Yi, the virtuous and good governance applicants of the prefecture and state. 〔1〕Anche Pulun was also used to levy Shen Gongmeicheng, etc.; it was discussed to establish a Mingtang; and a doctor of the "Five Classics" was set up. 〔2〕Dong Zhongshu, Gong Sunhong, etc. came out of Yuan Guangjian's personal policy of virtuous people. [3] He admired Ci Fu early on, liked "Chu Ci", and tried to make Huainan Wang An write a biography for "Li Sao".His self-created works, such as "Autumn Wind Song" (see the sixth chapter), "Mourning Mrs. Li Fu" [4] (see "Hanshu" and "Biography of Foreign Relatives"), etc., are also included in the literary family.Restoration of the Yuefu, collection of praises of Qin and Chu in the Zhao Dynasty [5], with Li Yannian as the captain of Xie Lv, dozens of people including Sima Xiangru wrote poems, [6] used in the temples of heaven and earth, it is "Nineteen Chapters" Song [7].The poems created by Yannian Zheyi string songs are called "new voice songs", but they are actually the legacy of Chu Sheng, which has been expanded and changed.The nineteen chapters of his "Song of Suburbs" are now preserved in "Hanshu" and "Liyuezhi". The third to sixth chapters are all titled "Zou Zile".

"Zhu Ming is prosperous and long, and he is connected with all things. Tongsheng Maoyu, extravagance has its own. If you apply flowers, you will be real. When you are prosperous, you will be prosperous. You will be able to grow into a field, and a hundred ghosts will taste it. The vast construction of sacrifices, Suyong will never forget. God is like forgiveness It is passed down from generation to generation." "Zou Zile" four "Zou Zile" in "Zhu Ming" "The sun goes out and goes in and out, and the times are not the same as people. Therefore, spring is not my spring, summer is not my summer, autumn is not my autumn, and winter is not my winter. Park is like The tuo of the four seas, what is evil when you look at it all over the world. I know what I like, and I am happy with the six dragons alone. The tune of the six dragons makes my heart feel like. Zi, why don't Huang Qi come and play!" The king thought that governing the Tao would not be possible without rites and music, so he presented the collection of elegant music; the officials of the great music also studied it to prepare for the number, but they were not often used, and those who used it were all new voices.When it comes to Aoyou Lindrinking, there is a new change of sound.Qu Yifang was born in Li Yannian.Yannian, a native of Zhongshan, was advocated by his parents, brothers and sisters. He was punished by law and sentenced to corruption, and he was imprisoned by dogs.Sexual bosom friend, good at singing and dancing, Emperor Wu loves it, every time there is a change of tune for a new sound, everyone who hears it is moved.He served Emperor Wu, danced, and sang: "There are beauties in the north, who are peerless and independent. They look at the city of people, and then they look at the country. I don't know the city and the country. It's hard to get a beautiful woman." Because of entering his younger brother, he got Fortunately, Mrs. Li, died early.Emperor Wu missed him very much. The alchemist Qiren Shaowen [8] said that he could touch his soul, so he set up a tent at night with candles, and asked the emperor to stay in his tent and watch from a distance.The emperor became more and more lovesick and sad, and said in a poem: "Is it Ye Feiye?

Standing and looking at it, why is it so late. "Let the musicians of the Yuefu play strings and sing them. Singing according to the situation, the festival promotes the meaning, and it is almost the so-called new voice changer. There are also many scholars of literature around Emperor Wu.First there was Yan Zhu [9], a native of Wu in Kuaiji, Yan Jizi, or a son of the Yun family, who was promoted to a Chinese doctor with virtuous countermeasures.Zhu Maichen [10], who was recommended by Wu, summoned him to talk about "Spring and Autumn" and "Chu Ci".There are also Wuqiu Shouwang [11], Sima Xiangru, Zhu Fuyan [12], Xu Le, Yan An, [13] Dongfang Shuo [14], Meigao [15], Jiaocang, Zhongjun, Yan Congqi [ 16] etc.;

But Dongfang Shuo, Mei Gao, Yan Zhu, King Wuqiu Shou, and Sima Xiangru were especially fortunate to see relatives.Xiang Ruwen is the highest, but he often calls it a disease and avoids things;To help the most advanced, he often debates with ministers about the advantages of the country, and if there are strange things, he often makes articles and writes dozens of poems and odes.King Shou, styled Zigan, was born in Zhao. When he was young, he waited for the imperial edict with good character and five summons, and moved to serve Zhonglang. Dongfang Shuo's word is Manqian, and Pingyuan is tired of people.At the beginning of Emperor Wu's ascension to the throne, he recruited people from all over the world to raise upright, virtuous and talented scholars with literary talents, waiting for them to be no less. Most scholars from all directions wrote letters about their gains and losses.At the beginning of Shuo's stay, he wrote a letter saying: "Chen Shuo seldom lost his parents, and he raised his brother and sister-in-law. At the age of twelve, he studied books and three winters, which was enough for literature and history. At fifteen, he learned fencing. At sixteen, he studied poetry and books, reciting 220,000 words. In the 19th year, he learned Sun Wu's art of war, the tools of battle, and the teaching of drums. He also recited 220,000 words. Fanchen Shuogu has recited 440,000 words. He often obeys Zilu's words. Chen Shuo was twenty-two years old; Nine feet and three inches long, eyes like hanging pearls, teeth like braided shells; brave like Meng Ben, victorious like Qing Ji, honest like Uncle Bao, trustworthy like Wei Sheng. If this is the case, you can be a minister of the Son of Heaven. Chen Shuomo dies, and I will worship again To hear." His diction is not inferior, and he is highly praised.Emperor Weizhi, ordered to wait for the bus; gradually used strange haiku to get close, witty and provocative, not famous for a line, but observed the color from time to time, spoke out and remonstrated, and the emperor often used it.Tasted to the Taizhong doctor, and Meigao Guosheren [17] were all around, but they were only witty and chirping, and they were not high-ranking officials. Because they used the words of famous criminals to try them out, they spoke tens of thousands of words, implying dissoluteness, which was quite humorous. It didn't work, but he wrote "Answering the Difficulty of a Guest" (18) (see "Han Shu" Biography) to comfort himself.There is also "Seven Admonitions" (see "Chu Ci"), which says that a gentleman loses his will, which has happened since ancient times.

At the end of his life, the son said: "Those who are wise live in the world, don't stay in the middle, enjoy leisurely, and follow the Tao. Shouyang is clumsy, and Liuxia is workmanship.Eat and walk in peace, and replace agriculture with officials.Yiyin is cynical, and the time does not meet. ... The way of a sage, one dragon and one snake, form to see the treasure of the gods, change with things, adapt at any time, there is no permanent home. "It's also Huang Laoyi. Shuo Gai is well-versed in many things, and then he first entered the body with self-indulgence, and finally became famous for being funny. Shenyijing and Shizhouji (19) were entrusted to Shuo to create, but in fact they are not.

Mei Gao's character is Shaoru, and Mei Cheng's Niezi is also.Emperor Wu conquered Cheng, Tao died, and asked Chengzi, who was incapable of writing.Gao wrote a letter from Chen, and he saw it, and ordered the emissary to write "Ping Optimistic Fu", which was good, and he worshiped him as a Lang and envoyed the Huns.Rangao is very humorous and plays many operas in order to compose poems, so he is not respected, and he is better than Dongfang Shuo Guosheren.Composition is very difficult, so there are many poems. He claims that he is not as good as Sima Xiangru, but he slanders Dongfang Shuo and himself.Ban Guyun: "His prose is sassafras, and his tunes follow his own affairs, all of which have their meanings. They are quite humorous and not very idle.

There are a hundred and twenty articles that can be read, especially dozens of articles that cannot be read by Man opera. "[20] As for the scholars of Confucianism who are also good at writing and Ci, there is Sun Hong, Xue Rengong of Suichuan, with the word Ciqing, the first in Yuan Guangzhong's virtuous countermeasures, worshiping a doctor, and finally becoming a prime minister, and being named Pingjinhou, so the world's scholars, The trend is overwhelming. Guangchuan Dong Zhongshu and Gongsun Hong’s classmates, Yu Confucianism and Shu, were already a doctor at the time of Emperor Jing, and Emperor Wu came to the throne. He proposed virtuous countermeasures, removed Jiangdu Prime Minister, moved to Jiaoxi, and died. Try to write "Shi Bu Yu Fu" "(see "Ancient Wenyuan"), there is a saying:

"...Looking at the brilliance of the previous world, Lian Shi is also lonely and exhausted. Yin Tang had Bian Sui and Wu Guangxi, Zhou Wu had Boyi and Shuqi; Bian Suiwuguang fled to the deep mountains, and Boyi and Shuqi climbed the mountain and came together. Plucking weeds. Make that sage and sage feel like he is around, so that the whole world will be fascinated by him. If Wu Yuan and Qu Yuan are together, he will have nothing to look back at. Nor can he be counted with him. In the end, it is said that it is not as good as turning one's back on one's own career and returning to one goodness, relying on Chu Diao, and concluding with the mean. Although it is purely Confucian words, it is full of worry and narrow-mindedness.

As the novelist said, time also prospers.Yu Chu [21] from Luoyang, with the alchemist's assistant, known as the Yellow Chariot Messenger, wrote "Zhou Shuo" nine hundred and forty-three chapters.Qi Renrao, who didn't know his surname, wrote twenty-five chapters for the imperial edict.There are also eighteen articles in "Feng Chan Fang Shuo", [22] I don't know who wrote them, but they are all dead today. The new system of poetry has also come into being again. In addition to the last voices of "Sao" and "Ya", there are miscellaneous words, which are "Yuefu". "Hanshu" states that Dongfang Shuo wrote eight-character and seven-character poems [23], each with its own chapter and chapter, although it is not passed down today, but in the third year of Yuanfeng he wrote Bailiangtai [24], and ordered two thousand stones to be able to write seven-character poems, so it was obtained Sitting on the top, the words are preserved today, and the seven words in the whole article are also the power of the sentence:

"The sun, the moon, the stars, and the emperors of the four seasons, the king of Liang came from Liang with four horses, the county scholar Ma Yulincai Da Sima, the commander-in-chief of the world, it is difficult to rule the prime minister, and it is not easy to caress the four barbarians. Doctor Yushi. (Middle abbreviation) Barbarian officials belong to the country during the regular meeting of the court, and the pillars are held by the masters. Loquats, oranges, chestnuts, peaches, plums, and plums. Guo Sheren, how poor is Dongfang Shuo in embarrassment." Chu Shaosun Bu's "Historical Records" [25] says: "In the Dongfang Shuoxing Palace, Lang said: "Everyone thinks Mr. is crazy. Shuo said: Like Shuo, etc., the so-called people who hide from the world. The ancient people hide from the world in the mountains. When sitting at the banquet and drinking heavily, it is said according to the local song——

Lu sinks into vulgarity and hides from the world at the Golden Horse Gate.In the palace, you can hide from the world; why do you need to be in the deep mountains, under the wormwood hut. " It is also a new style, but it may be attached to future generations. There is a meicheng in five characters, which is the first, but Shi Su Libie's poems [26], also known as Jiazhi.Su Wu, styled Ziqing, was born in Duling, Jingzhao. In the first year of the Tianhan Dynasty, he was appointed as Zhonglang to envoy the Xiongnu, and he would not send them away.Li Ling, styled Shaoqing, was born in Chengji, Longxi. In the second year of the Tianhan Dynasty, he attacked the Xiongnu and defeated the captives.In the sixth year of the first Yuan Dynasty [27], Su Wu was able to return, so he gave a poem to Ling in reply: "Hand in hand to go up the river beam, what is the wanderer's twilight. Wandering on the side of the road, I can't leave. Pedestrians can't stay for a long time, and each of them talks about longing for each other. Knowing that the sun and the moon are not the same, there is a time for oneself. Work hard to respect virtue and be bright." Li Ling One of Su Wu's three poems, "Two mallards fly north, and one mallard flies south alone. The son should stay in the museum, and I should return to my hometown. One is different from Qin Hu, meeting He Yunyang. Feeling sad, I feel tears staining my clothes. May the son work hard and never forget his words and smiles." Su Wu said goodbye to Li Ling.See the eighteenth volume of "Beginners", but it is suspected that later generations planned to worship the country after the return of Wu; Emperor Xuan ascended the throne and bestowed the title of Marquis of Guannei.The mausoleum lived in the Xiongnu for more than 20 years and died. There are two collections.In addition to poems, later generations also passed on his books, in "Selected Works" and "Yiwen Leiju". [28] Reference books: "Historical Records" (Volume 126) "Hanshu" (Volume 6, 22, 51, 54, 65, 93) (Edited by Song Guo Maoqian) "Complete Chinese" (Compiled by Qing Yan Kejun) "Full Chinese Poetry" (Compiled by Ding Fu) "History of Chinese Literature" (Part III, Chapter Four) ※ ※ ※ [1] Wei Wan was born in Daling (now Wenshui, Shanxi) in the Western Han Dynasty.Emperor Wen was the general of Zhonglang at that time, and Emperor Jing was promoted to prime minister because of his meritorious service in pacifying Wu and Chu. Emperor Wu continued to serve at the beginning and was dismissed immediately. "Hanshu · Emperor Wuji": "In the winter and October of the first year of Jianyuan, the prime minister, Yushi, Liehou, Zhongerqianshi, Erqianshi, and the princes promoted the virtuous, upright, outspoken and extremely admonishing people. The prime minister played: 'If any of the virtuous and virtuous people mentioned, or the words of Zhishen, Shang, Han Fei, Su Qin, and Zhang Yi, disturb the state affairs, please let them go.' Play it." [2] In June of the first year of Jianyuan (140 B.C.) of Zhengshen Gongmei Chengwu Emperor, Li Mingtang was discussed. "Han Shu Rulin Biography" contains: "(Zhao) Wan and (Wang) Zang asked to set up the Mingtang, and the princes could not deal with it, but the teacher Shen Gong. So the envoy sent a bundle of silk and a biscuit, and set up a car Wrap the wheel with cattail, and drive a horse to welcome Shen Gong, and the two disciples will pass on the news. To,... Shelu Mansion, to discuss the affairs of Mingtang." See the eighth chapter of this book for the matter of Zhengmei.The "Five Classics" doctor was set up, and "Han Shu Wudi Ji" contained: Jianyuan five years (before 136) spring, "the "Five Classics" doctor". 〔3〕Professor Xianliang's "Hanshu Wudiji" contains: In May of the first year of Yuanguang (194 BC), "Zhao Xianliang said: '... I am not sensitive, and I cannot be far away from virtue. What this son and doctor have seen and heard Also. The virtuous and the wise are in the style of the king's affairs in ancient and modern times. When they are questioned by policies, they are correct in books, and they are written in articles. I will read them personally.' So Dong Zhongshu, Gongsun Hong and others came out." Dong Zhongshu (179-104 before) , a native of Guangchuan (now Zaoqiang, Hebei) in the Western Han Dynasty.Emperor Wen and Emperor Jing were doctors at the time, and Emperor Wu was the prime minister of Jiangdu and Jiaoxi at that time. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" describes one hundred and twenty-three articles of "Dong Zhongshu".Author of "Spring and Autumn Fanlu" and so on.Gongsun Hong (200-121 BC), styled Ji, was born in Xue (now Teng County, Shandong) in the Western Han Dynasty.He studied "Gongyang Zhuan" in his early years. He was called to be a doctor at the age of sixty. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" describes ten chapters of "Gongsun Hong". 〔4〕"Mourning Mrs. Li Fu" written by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in mourning for his favorite concubine Mrs. Li. "Hanshu Biography of Foreign Relatives" contains: "Mrs. Xiaowu Li, originally advocated advancement", which is very favored.After her death, Emperor Wu missed her very much.According to the Fu of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, "Hanshu Yiwenzhi" describes "Two Fus made by Shangsuo", without the title of the chapters. 〔5〕Zhao Dai Qin Chuzhi's folk songs at that time.According to "Hanshu Yiwenzhi", four "Handan Hejian Poems", nine "Yan Dynasty Acura Yanmen Yunzhong Longxi Poems", three "Zuo Fengyi Qin Poems", and "Wu Chu Runan Poems" fifteen articles and so on. [6] Li Yannian (?—about 87 BC) was born in Zhongshan (now Ding County, Hebei Province) in the Western Han Dynasty, and the brother of Mrs. Li, the favorite concubine of Emperor Wu. "Han Shu Ning Xing Biography" contains: "Yannian is good at singing and changing his voice for the new voice. At that time, the temples of the world and the earth wanted to make music, so Sima Xiangru and others wrote poems. Yannian often made poems based on Yixian songs, It is a new sound song. And Mrs. Li gave birth to the king of Changyi, and she was the captain of Xielu because of her honor in Yannian." "Hanshu·Liyuezhi" contains: "With Li Yannian as the captain of Xielu, dozens of people including Sima Xiangru were cited as poems and prose, briefly discussing Lulu, and composing the "Nineteen Chapters" with the tune of eight tones. Song." [7] The song of "Nineteen Chapters" is the nineteenth chapter of "Song of Suburbs".This kind of new song is different from the old gag music. In addition to praising the gods of heaven and earth, it also sings praises of other gods and auspiciousness.The third to sixth chapters are titled "Qingyang", "Zhu Ming", "Xi Hao" and "Xuan Ming", respectively offering sacrifices to the four gods of spring, summer, autumn and winter. "Historical Records Music Book" says: "Spring song "Qingyang", summer song "Zhu Ming", autumn song "Xihao", winter song "Xuanming"." "Yan": "The Nineteen Chapters of the Song of Suburbs in the Han Dynasty is thought to be written by Sima Xiangru, while the four chapters of "Qingyang" and "Zhu Ming" are named by Zou Zile in the historical title. According to the four chapters, they are all four-character sentences Although the words are simple and ancient, the meaning is very classic and clear. It should be written by one person, and it is undoubtedly for Zou." Liang Qichao's "Chinese Beautiful Literature and Its History" also said: "Only "Qingyang", "Zhu Ming", "Xi The four chapters of "Hao" and "Xuanming" are marked as "Zou Zile", which should be written by Zou Yang. Yang, who was born at the time of Emperor Jing, seems to be incompetent for Emperor Wu. It is believed that the Yuefu adopted his words to make the score." [8] Shaowen, a native of Qi in the Western Han Dynasty, was an alchemist during Emperor Wu's time.He was favored by alchemy, and Wen became a general. For the matter of recruiting Mrs. Li's soul, see "Hanshu Biography of Foreign Relatives". "Historical Records: The Benji of Xiaowu" also has something about invoking souls, "Mrs. Li" is "Mrs. Wang", and there is no poem by Emperor Wu. 〔9〕Yan Zhu (?—122 B.C.) was originally surnamed Zhuang, and later generations changed it to Yan because he avoided the taboo of Emperor Liu Zhuang of the Ming Dynasty. He was born in Kuaiji Wu (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) in the Western Han Dynasty.The son of Yan Ji or the son of the clan, he was a doctor of Chinese medicine and paid homage to the prefect of Kuaiji. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" describes four pieces of "Zhuang Zhu" and thirty-five pieces of Fu, all of which have been lost.For the extant article "Yi Yi Huainan King", see the biography of "Han Shu". 〔10〕Zhu Maichen (? - 115 BC), styled Wengzi, was born in Wu (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) in the Western Han Dynasty. First he was a doctor of Chinese medicine, and later he was the prefect of Kuaiji and the captain of the lord. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" records three Fus of Zhu Maichen, which have been lost. 〔11〕Wuqiu Shouwang Zigan, a native of Zhao in the Western Han Dynasty.Taking Shange Wu as the waiting edict, Guan Dongjun Duwei and Doctor Guanglu served as servants. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" describes six pieces of "Wuqiu Shouwang" and fifteen pieces of Fu.For the extant "Discussion on Prohibited People Not to Hold Bows and Crossbows", see the biography of "Hanshu", and "Huqi Lun Gong Lun" see Volume 59 of "Yiwen Leiju", and the Fu chapter has been lost.Grid five, "Hanshu" this biography quotes Liu De as saying: "Five grids, 棊行. "簺法" says 簺, Bai, Cheng, five, and five grids cannot be used, so it says grid five." 〔12〕The master's father Yan (?—126 before) was born in Linzi (now Zibo, Shandong) in the Western Han Dynasty. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" records 28 chapters of "Zhufuyan", and the biography of "Hanshu" contains three chapters including "Shangshu Admonishing the Huns". [13] Xu Le, a native of Wuzhong in Yan County in the Western Han Dynasty (today's Jixian County, Tianjin), was called to be a doctor because of a letter. "Hanshu Yiwenzhi" describes an article "Xu Le".For the extant article "Shang Shu Yan Shi Wu", see the biography of "Han Shu".Yan An, originally surnamed Zhuang, was born in Linzi in the Western Han Dynasty.Originally the prime minister, he was appointed as a doctor because of his letter to Emperor Wu, and later as a horse riding order. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" records "Zhuang An". For the extant article "Shang Shu Yan Shi Wu", see the biography of "Han Shu". [14] Dongfang Shuo (154-93 BC), styled Manqian, was born in Yanci (now Huimin, Shandong) in the Western Han Dynasty. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" describes 20 articles of "Dongfang Shuo", and there are five existing articles: "Shangshu", "Admonishment to Eliminate Shanglinyuan", "Huamin Youdao", "Answering Guest Difficulties", and "Biography of Mr. Feiyou", see " The biography of Han Shu.In addition, Volume 23 of "Yiwen Lei Gathering" contains "Jingzi", and Volume 18 of "Beginners" contains "Borrowing a Car from Gongsun Hong" and so on. 〔15〕Meigao, styled Shaoru, was born in Huaiyin (now part of Jiangsu) in the Western Han Dynasty.Meicheng Bastard. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" describes one hundred and twenty pieces of Meigao's Fu, none of which are handed down.As mentioned later, "the imperial emissary wrote "Ping Optimistic Fu"", and the "view" of the original biography of "Hanshu" was used as "guan".Pingle Pavilion is located in Shanglin Garden. [16] Jiao Cang is Liao Cang, a native of Zhao in the Western Han Dynasty.Along with Zhu Maichen, King Wuqiu Shou, etc., he served Emperor Wu side by side. "Han Shu·Yiwenzhi" recorded three articles "Dai Zhao Jin Ma Liao Cang".Zhongjun (?—112 BC), styled Ziyun, was born in Jinan (now Shandong) in the Western Han Dynasty.At the age of eighteen, he wrote a letter to Emperor Wu, called him as a guest, and remonstrated with the doctor.He was ordered to go to South Vietnam and was killed in his twenties. "Hanshu Yiwenzhi" describes eight chapters of "The Final Army".Existing "Bai Lin Qi Mu Dui", "I invite the Huns", etc., see the biography of "Han Shu".Yan Congqi, originally surnamed Zhuang, was born in Wu (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) in the Western Han Dynasty. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" describes eleven poems by Chang Shilang Zhuang Cong, which have been lost.Tang Yanshigu's note: ""Qi Lue" says that 'the onion is strange, or the son of Master Zhuang, or the son of Zhuang Zhuang, the son of the clan'." 〔17〕Guo Sheren, surnamed Guo Sheren, was a favorite artist of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.See "Historical Records Funny Biographies" for his deeds. [18] "Answer to the Guest" and "Han Shu Dongfang Shuo Biography": "Shuo wrote Chen Nong's plan to strengthen the country. Because of his own litigation, he was not allowed to be a high-ranking official, and he wanted to try it out. His words are specialized in the words of Shang Yang and Han Fei, and they refer to the meaning. Licentious, quite humorous, with tens of thousands of words, but in the end it is useless. Shuo Yin wrote the theory, making it difficult for a guest, and using a humble position as a metaphor for masturbation." 〔19〕 "Shen Yi Jing" and "Sui Shu · Jing Ji Shu" describe a volume, imitation, focusing on recording strange products and foreign objects. "Ten Continents", a volume recorded in "Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi", records that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty summoned Dongfang Shuo to inquire about the products of the ten continents in the country.The two books are all false entrustments, which are not included in "Hanshu Meicheng Biography".See Part Four. 〔20〕For several sentences of "Qiwen Sassafras", see "Hanshu·Meicheng Biography".Sassafras, Yan Shigu Note: "It's still saying that it's crooked." [21] Born in Luoyang (now Henan) in the Western Han Dynasty in the early Yu Dynasty. Annotation by Li Shan in "Selected Works Xijing Fu": "In the early days, he was also from Henan. During the reign of Emperor Wu, he was an alchemist's servant, riding a horse, dressed in yellow, and called a yellow chariot envoy." "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" describes "Yu Chu Zhou Shuo" 943 chapters, which have been lost. 〔22〕 "Han Shu·Yiwenzhi" describes the twenty-five chapters of "Waiting for the Minister to Rao the Heart".Yan Shigu's note: "Liu Xiang's "Bie Lu" says: Rao, Qi people, I don't know his surname. When Emperor Wu waited for an edict, he wrote the title of the book." "Feng Chan Fang Shuo", "Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi" describes " Eighteen chapters of "Feng Chan Fang Shuo", the original note: "In the time of Emperor Wu." 〔23〕Regarding Dongfang Shuo's poems, "Han Shuo Dongfang Shuo Biography" contains: Shuo wrote "eight-character and seven-character poems, each with its own chapter and chapter." 〔24〕Bailiangtai's "Han Shu·Wudiji" contains: In the second year of Yuanding (115 BC), "spring, Bailiangtai".Yan Shigu's note: ""Sanfu Old Things" says that cedars are used as them." "Bailiangtai Poems" is included in "Ancient Wenyuan", and it is ordered: "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty built Bailiangtai in the third year of Yuanfeng, and ordered the officials If the two thousand stones can be used as a seven-character poem, they will be honored." The descendants of Bai Liangtai's couplet poems suspect that it is a false entrustment.The textual research of Gu Yanwu Volume 21 is very detailed: "Han Wu's "Bai Liang Tai Shi" was originally published in "San Qin Ji", and it is said that it was written in the third year of Yuanfeng....According to "Xiaowu Ji" in the spring of the second year of Yuanding, starting from Boliang Taiwan is the 22nd year of King Liang Ping, and 29 years have passed since the death of King Xiao. The seventh year is the third year of Yuanfeng." Some official names of those who participated in the couplets, such as Guang Luxun, Da Honglu, Dasinong, Zhijinwu, Jingzhaoyin, Zuofengyi, Youfufeng, etc. "are all names after the beginning of time, and should not be written in advance at the time of Yuanfeng". "After repeated research, there is no one who agrees. The cover is an imitation of later generations." [25] Chu Shaosun was born in Yingchuan (now Yu County, Henan) in the Western Han Dynasty.Learned from Wang Shi's "Poetry of Lu" and became a doctor, see "Han Shu Wang Shi Biography". "Historical Records Funny Biographies" narrates the affairs of Chunyu, Youmeng, and Youzhan. Later, Chu Shaosun Buwen said: "Fortunately, I have learned the classics as a man, and I like to read the rumors of foreign families. I am not inferior to stealing, and I write funny stories again. The six chapters of Zhiyu are compiled on the left. It can be read to show the future generations, and those who are interested in reading it will be amazed; to benefit the three chapters of the Tai Shigong above." The supplementary is Guo Sheren, The deeds of Dongfang Shuo, Mr. Dong Guo, Chunyu Kun, Mr. Wang, and Ximen Bao. The quotations here are supplemented by Chu Shaosun. 〔26〕Su Li Bie Poems refer to Su Wu and Li Ling's gift-answer poems. Su Wu's "Farewell to Li Ling" can be found in Volume 18 of "Beginners" and Volume 4 of "Guwenyuan".Li Ling's "Poems with Su Wu" can be found in "Selected Works Miscellaneous Poems".Liu Xie, Su Shi, Gu Yanwu, Liang Qichao, etc. all believed that it was an imitation by later generations. 〔27〕Yuanshi should be called "Shiyuan", the year name of Liu Fuling, Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty.The sixth year of the first Yuan Dynasty was eighty-one years BC. 〔28〕Book question is "Li Ling's Answer to Su Wushu", see "Selected Works" Volume 41 and "Yiwen Leiju" Volume 30, the content is to defend his surrender.Later generations suspected that it was a forgery made by people from the Six Dynasties.Liu Zhiji's "Shi Tong Miscellaneous Comments": ""Li Ling Ji" has "Yu Su Wu Shu", the words are magnificent, and the phonetic sentences are popular. Looking at its style, it is not similar to the Western Han Dynasty. It is probably done later, and it is falsely called Mausoleum It is absurd to move to the "History" which lacks and does not contain it, so it is good to compile it in "Li Ji". "Su Shi's "Reply to Liu Feishu": "The mausoleum and the martial arts book, the words and sentences are shallow, and they were written by children in Qi Liangjian. They are definitely not from the Western Han Dynasty, but Liu Zixuan knows it alone." One hundred volumes, more than 1,400 kinds of ancient books were cited.