Chapter 8 Chapter Eight: Literature and Art of the Feudal States

Chapter Eight: Literature and Art of the Feudal States Although Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty did not like Confucianism, the two Emperors Wen and Jing also liked to be named Huang Lao in punishment. At that time, among the princes and kings, there were quite a few vassals and kings who devoted themselves to supporting scholars and paid tribute to those who were literary.The five kings of Chu, Wu, Liang, Huainan, and Hejian, especially the author. King Jiao of Chu and Yuan[1] was the younger brother of Gaozu with the same father, good books and many talents. ].Therefore, the "Poetry" is good, since the king of Chu, all the masters also read "Poetry"; Shen Gong began to write the biography of "Poetry", named "Lu Shi"; Yuan Wang also wrote his own biography, named "Yuan Wang Shi".In the early Han Dynasty, all the masters of the "Poetry" lived in Chu; apart from Shen Gong and Bai Gong, there was Wei Meng [4], Yuan Wang Fu, Fu Ziyi King, and Sun Wang Wu.When Wuhuang was obscene and did not follow the Tao, Meng Nai wrote poems to remonstrate. Later, he resigned and moved home to Zou, where he wrote another poem.Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the prime ministers have been caught and imitated, and used to describe the martyrs and ancestors' virtues. Therefore, Ren Fang's "Article Origin" [5] believes that "the four-character poems originated from the poem "Admonishing Chu Yi Wang Wu" by Fu Weimeng, the king of Chu in the former Han Dynasty."

Wu Wangbi [6], the son of Gao Zu's brother Zhong.During the reign of Emperor Wen, Prince Wu came to see him and competed with the Crown Prince for Bodhisattva, and the Crown Prince cited Bo Bureau to kill him.The king of Wu, because of his resentment and hope, hid himself and died for more than 30 years, so he was able to make him numerous.However, many lobbyists are used; there are also those who are good at writing, such as Yan Ji, Zou Yang, Mei Cheng and so on.After Wu was defeated, they all traveled to Liang. King Xiao of Liang was named Wu (7), and the youngest son of Empress Dou, Emperor Wen.In the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms, Liang was the most meritorious and the most powerful country from Wu and Chu, and he pretended to be the emperor; recruiting heroes from all over the world, all tourists from Shandong came here.Among those who passed on the "Yi" was Ding Kuan, who gave it to Tian Wangsun, and Tian to Shi Qiu, Meng Xi, and Liang Qiuhe, [8] because the "Yi" has the studies of Shi Meng, Liangqiu and the three schools.There are also Yang Sheng, Gongsun Gui, and Han Anguo, [9] each famous for his debate and wit.Wu Bai and Wu Ke all traveled to Liang;

Yan Ji's original surname was Zhuang, but he later avoided the taboo of Emperor Ming[11] and called him Yan, a native of Wu in Kuaiji.Good Ci Fu, mourning Qu Yuan's loyalty and failure to meet, the lyrics are called "Sorrow for Time and Fate".Emperor Jing was not good at Ci Fu and had no ambitions, so he traveled to Wu; Wu Bai went to Liang on foot, learned about King Xiao, and Zou Yang. "Hanzhi" has "Zhuang Fuzi Fu" twenty-four pieces; today only one piece "Ai Shiming" exists, which is in "Chu Ci". Zou Yang, a native of Qi, served in Wu together with Yan Ji, Mei Cheng, etc., and they were all famous for their literary debate.

Wu Wang will rebel, Yang wrote a book to remonstrate, but it was useless, so he went to Zhiliang, and traveled from King Xiao.He is wise, generous and disobedient, he is slandered by Yang Sheng and Gongsun Gui [12], the king of filial piety is angry, he goes to prison, and will kill him.Yang is in prison, and the letter says it all: "...The saying goes: there are bald heads like new ones, and the overturned ones are like old ones. Why? Know and don't know. Therefore, Fan Yuqi fled to Qin Zhiyan, and borrowed Jing Ke's head to serve Dan; Wang She went to Qi Zhiwei, Lincheng himself. Lie, to subdue Qi and preserve Wei. Husband and king extravagant in Qi, not new to Qi and Qin, but old to Yan and Wei, so go to the two kingdoms, die two monarchs, act in harmony with ambition and admire infinite righteousness. … Today's people are sincerely able to get rid of their pride, have the meaning of repayment, put on their confidantes, see their feelings, be daring, and be virtuous, and eventually be poor with them. Visitors can be stabbed.

What's more, because of the power of Wancheng, is it the capital of a false sage king?However, if the seven clans of Jingkezhan want to leave their burnt wives, is it enough to be a king? ..." According to the book, King Xiao set it up and died as a guest. Later Yang Sheng Gongsun died because of his sin, and Yang Du was deeply angry with the emperor for Liang Wang.Gai Wu has deep plans and prefers strategists. Therefore, scholars of literary debate often have the legacy of political strategists, and their words order articles, and they are long-term, just like the mouths of warring states travelers. The political strategist in "Han Zhi" has seven articles in "Zou Yang", but does not record his Ci and Fu, as if Yang was in Han, and he is known for his power. "Xijing Miscellaneous Notes" [13] says: Liang Xiaowang visited the pavilion of Wangyou, gathered all the tourists, and made each of them write a poem.Mei Cheng's "Liu Fu", Lu Qiaoru's "Crane Fu", Gongsun Gui's "Wen Lu Fu", Zou Yang's "Jiu Fu", Gongsun Cheng's "Yue Fu", Yang Sheng's "Ping Feng Fu", Han Anguo's "Ji Fu" "Failed, Zou Yang wrote it on his behalf.Zou Yang Anguo was fined with three liters of wine; he was given five horses to ride on the road, such as silk. "Xijing Miscellaneous Notes" was written by Jin Ge Hong, entrusted by Liu Xin [14], and the Fu may also be written by Hong Zhi.

Mei Cheng, courtesy name Shu, was born in Huaiyin, and was a doctor of King Bi of Wu.The king of Wu conspired against him, and wrote a letter to remonstrate, but the king of Wu refused to accept it, so he went to Liang.Since the Han Dynasty leveled the Seven Kingdoms, Chengyou was well-known, and Emperor Jing summoned the captain of Hongnong.For a long time, he was a distinguished guest of a big country, and he was not happy as a county official.Liang Ke are all good at genus, especially in multiplication.After Liang Xiaowang died, he returned to Huaiyin.Emperor Wu himself heard the name of the prince and ascended the throne. When he was old, he used Anche Pulun to sign the ride and died (140 BC).

"Han Zhi" has nine "Mei Cheng Fu"; today only "Liang Wang Tu Yuan Fu" exists. "Linbachi Yuanjue Fu" only has its purpose, [15] "Liu Fu" is false.However, taking advantage of Wenlin, the great performance is based on the method of "Chu Ci" and "Seven Admonitions", and took the meaning of "Da Zhao" to create "Seven Fats". 〔16〕Using Wu and Chu as the guest host, first talk about the damage to the chariot, the disease of the palace, and the harm of food and sex.So it is said that the pleasure of traveling with sensuality and color, etc., all six things, the last is watching the waves in Guangling:

"...Its beginning is like an egret flying under the flood; its progress is small, vast and magnificent, like the curtain of a plain chariot and white horse. Its waves are surging and the clouds are chaotic, and its disturbance is like the flying clothes of the three armies. .Beside it, it rushes up, fluttering like a light chariot reining in soldiers. Six dragons, attached to Taibai. Pure Chi Haoni, front and rear Luoyi. 颙颙卬卬, 椐椐强强, Shen Xin will general The barriers are heavy and strong, and they are chaotic like a military march. It is unreasonable to hide and hide from the Xionggai, and the descendants are surging. Looking at the two sides, it is gloomy, dark and deserted, and the law of up and down. It seems brave. Soldier, suddenly angry and fearless, jumping over the wall and rushing to the river, chasing after the poor song, crossing the bank to chase, the one who meets dies, and the one who dies is destroyed.

..." Its sayings are not included, so it goes: "The people who will play alchemy for the prince, those who have resources, such as Zhuang Zhou, Wei Mou, Yang Zhu, Mo Di, Bian Juan, Zhan He Zhilun, let them discuss the subtleties of the world and reason about the right and wrong of all things; Kong Laolan See, Mencius counted and calculated without losing one thing. This is also a wonderful way of saying in the world. How can the prince want to hear it? So the prince raised up based on the facts and said: "It's like listening to the words of a sage debater." But sweating, Huo Ran is already sick."

Therefore, there are "seven" styles, and later literati, imitated many authors, Han Fu Yi has "Qi Ji", Liu Guang has "Qi Xing", Cui Yi has "Qi Yi", [17]... there are more than ten Home; Passed to the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there are still many forgery.Xie Lingyun has ten volumes of "Seven Collections", Bian Jing has twelve volumes of "Seven Forests", [18] Liang also has thirty volumes of "Seven Forests". "Qi Fa" and Cao Zhi's "Seven Enlightenments" [19], Zhang Xie's "Seven Fate" [20], in "Wen Xuan".

There is also [21] in "Selected Works", all of which are five characters, without the author's name.Li Shan of the Tang Dynasty said: "I don't know the author of the ancient poems; or I don't know the author of the poems." [22] However, Chen Xuling's collection of "New Odes on the Yutai" includes nine poems with the title of the poem. [23] If this is the case, Cheng Nai not only created the seven bodies, but also started the five ancients. Now record three of them: "There are high-rise buildings in the northwest, the top is as high as the floating clouds, and the windows are intersected. There are three steps in the A Pavilion. There are strings singing on the top, and the sound is so sad. Who can sing this song, no one is Qi Liang's wife. Quzheng lingers, playing and sighing again and again, generous and sorrowful. I don’t care about the pain of the singer, but hurt the friends. I wish to be a pair of swans, soaring high.” "... The days of passing away are far away, and the days of clothes and belts have slowed down. Floating clouds cover the day, and wanderers will never return. Thinking about you makes you old, and the years are suddenly too late. Don't forget to give up donations, and work hard to add meals." "The Altair is far away, a Han girl in the Jiaojiao River. She has slender hands and slender hands, and she is playing with the machine. She is in trouble all day long, and she weeps like rain. The river is clear and shallow, and it is difficult to get along with each other. It is full of water, and the pulse is speechless." His words follow the words into rhyme, and follow the rhyme into interest. [24] It is not fake, but has a deep will. Fengshen is probably similar to Chu's "Sao". , the shallower the meaning, the deeper the meaning, and the closer the word is, the farther it is."Later, Li Ling and Su Wu [25] gave and answered, also in five words, after Gai Wenjing, more and more of this body, but the nature is natural, and finally it should be unique to multiplication. Huainan Wang'an [26] was granted by Emperor Wen, with good books and playing the qin; it attracted thousands of guests and alchemists, as twenty-one "Inner Books", and many "Outer Books"; The scroll contains more than 200,000 words about the Huangbai art of immortals.At that time, Emperor Wu Fang was fond of art and literature, and he regarded An as his father. He was good at debate and diction, and respected him very much.Taste the envoy as "Li Sao Biography", once the edict is received, it will be on the day of the solar eclipse.It is passed down today; the only one passed on is "Huainan" 21, also called "Honglie". 〔27〕The cover of the book was composed of talks with various travelers and collected old articles.The writers of other scholars are Su Fei, Li Shang, Zuo Wu, Tian You, Lei Bei, Mao Bei, Wu Bei, and Jin Chang. They are called Ba Gong [28]; Xiangcong, or "Dashan", or "Small Mountain", (29) has the same meaning as "Poetry" with "Daya" and "Xiaoya".Xiaoshanzhilu has the Fu "Zhao Hermit" [30], although its source comes from "Li Sao" and so on, it is not stuck in signs, and it is a new voice of Chu Ci in the Han Dynasty: "Osmanthus trees grow in clusters in the quiet of the mountains, and the branches are curled up. The mountains are majestic and the rocks are steep; the valleys are full of rocks, and the water is Zeng Bo. .Wang Sunyou does not return, spring grass grows luxuriantly, old age does not talk to himself, cymbals chirp and tweet. 坱 展 rolling, mountain song 岪, the heart is flooded and left in a hurry; , the bushes are thin and deep, and the people are on the chestnut. E'e is desolate and sour. Macaques are bears and bears, admiration is sorrow. Climbing osmanthus branches and chatting and drowning, tigers and leopards are fighting and bears roaring, animals are terrified and dying. Kings and grandchildren come back, and mountains are not allowed Stay for a long time." Hejian Xian Wangde [31] is the son of Emperor Jing, and he is also good at books, but all his collections are ancient books in the pre-Qin period.He also established "Mao's Poems" and "Zuo's Spring and Autumn" doctor; many Confucian scholars in Shandong traveled here.His favorites are similar to those of King Chu and Yuan.However, the guests of Wu, Liang, Huainan and the Three Kingdoms are rich in literary words, and those who are above the Liang guests are mostly from Wu, and they have the aftertaste of a political strategist; reference book: "Historical Records" (Volume 16, 118) "Hanshu" (volume thirty-six, forty-four, forty-seven, fifty-one, fifty-three) "Complete Chinese" (Compiled by Qing Yan Kejun) "History of Chinese Literature" (Part III, Chapter Three) ※ ※ ※ 〔1〕Chu Yuan King Jiao is Liu Jiao (?—179 BC), the younger brother of Liu Bang with the same father.He followed Liu Bang to raise troops, and later became the king of Chu.Good literature and art, collected Confucian students in Chu, and wrote "Yuan Wang Poems", which has been lost.See "Hanshu Biography of King Chu and Yuan" for his deeds. 〔2〕Mu Sheng's "Han Shu Chu Yuan King Biography": "Since the Yuan king came to Chu, Mu Sheng, Bai Sheng, and Shen Gong were the doctors of the middle school." Bai Sheng, also known as Bai Gong, "Han Shu Chu Yuan "Wang Zhuan" Eastern Han Dynasty Fuqian note: "Lu Guoyanli people." Shen Gong, named Shen Pei.At the beginning, he was the tutor of Liu Wuzhi, king of Chuyi, and was called as a doctor of Taizhong during Emperor Wu.He founded the "Lu Poetry" school, and wrote "Lu Gu", "Lu Shuo", etc., which have been lost.For his deeds, see "Han Shu Biography of Scholars". 〔3〕 Fuqiu Bo is also called Fuqiu Gong, and Fuqiu is a compound surname.Qi people in the early Han Dynasty. "Han Shu Chu Yuan King Biography": "The uncle is also a member of Sun Qing's family." Fuqian's note: "Fuqiu Bo, a Confucian scholar in Qin Dynasty." [4] Wei Meng was born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province) in the Western Han Dynasty.He once served as the Fu of the three kings Liu Jiao, Liu Ying and Liu Wu of Chu State.Wu Wudao, Wei Meng wrote "Remonstrance to Chu Yi Wang Wu Poems", later abandoned his position and moved to Zou, and wrote "Zai Zou Poems". "Zai Zou Shi" is a "Shu Zhi Poem", and "Han Shu Wei Xian Biography" says: "It may be said that his descendants are good things, and it is a poem to describe the aspirations of their ancestors." According to the ancestors of Wei Xian in Wei Meng's line, "Wei Xian Biography" says: "From Mencius to the fifth generation of sages." [5] For Ren Fang, see note [16] on page 52 of this volume.The origin of the article, also known as the beginning of the article, was written in one volume, which was lost in the Sui Dynasty. "New Book of Tang·Yiwenzhi" describes the volume of Ren Fang's "The Beginning of Articles", with the note: "Zhang Jibu." The current biography may be the Zhang Jibu version.The book discusses the origin of various styles of poetry, prose, Sao, Fu, etc., with a total of 85 questions. [6] King Bi of Wu is Liu Bi (215-154 BC), nephew of Liu Bang, named King of Wu.During Emperor Jing's time, he launched a rebellion against Wu, Chu and other seven countries, and his soldiers were defeated and fled to Dongyue, where they were killed.See "Hanshu Biography of Jingyan and Wu" for his deeds. [7] Liang Xiaowang Wu is Liu Wu (? - 144 before), the second son of Emperor Wen Liu Heng.Most favored by Empress Dou, he wanted to make him the heir of the emperor, but the minister Yuan An and others opposed it.The king of Liang complained and ordered people to assassinate Yuan An, offending Emperor Jing, and died of depression.See "Hanshu·Wen Sanwang Biography" for his deeds. [8] Ding Kuan, courtesy name Zixiang, was born in Liang in the early Han Dynasty.During the reign of Emperor Jing, he defended against Wu and Chu from Liang Xiaowang, and was called General Ding.From Tian Heshou's "Yi", "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" describes eight chapters of "Ding Shi".Tian Wangsun, a native of Dangshan (now Dangshan, Anhui) in the Western Han Dynasty, was a doctor during Emperor Jing.Shi Qiu, courtesy name Changqing, was born in Pei County (now part of Jiangsu) in the Western Han Dynasty, and was a doctor during the reign of Emperor Xuan.Meng Xi, courtesy name Changqing, was born in Lanling (now Yi County, Shandong) in the Western Han Dynasty.Take Xiaolian as Lang, Director of Qutai. "Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi" describes the eight volumes of "Book of Changes", Meng Xi's chapters and sentences.Liangqiuhe, a compound surname of Liangqiu family, with the style name Changweng, was born in the counties of Langya (now the cities of Shandong) in the Western Han Dynasty.Emperor Xuan was the doctor of Taizhong at that time, and the official was at least the mansion. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" describes two chapters each by Shi, Meng and Liangqiu.The deeds of Ding, Tian, ​​Shi, Meng, and Liangqiu can be found in "Han Shu Biography of Scholars". [9] Yang Sheng (? - 150 before) Yang Sheng and Gongsun Gui (? - 150 before) were both the disciples of King Liang.Gongsun has many tricks and tricks, so he is called "General Gongsun". "Han Shu Wen Sanwang Biography" records that Sheng and Gui once sought the throne for King Liang, and Yuan Ang and others opposed it. King Liang and Sheng and Gui made people assassinate Yuan An and many others. suicide.Han Anguo (?—130 BC), styled Changru, was born in Liang Cheng'an (in present-day Henan) in the Western Han Dynasty.He first served as the doctor of Liang Xiaowang Zhongzhong, and was the doctor of Yushi during Emperor Wu.See the biography of "Hanshu" for his deeds. [10] For Sima Xiangru, refer to the tenth chapter of this book. 〔11〕Emperor Ming is Liu Zhuang (28-75), Emperor Ming of the Eastern Han Dynasty. 〔12〕Regarding Zou Yang being slandered by Yang Sheng and Gongsun Gui, see "Han Shu Zou Yang Biography": "The king of Liang began to conspire with victory and cunning, and Yang Zheng thought it was impossible, so he saw slander." Zou Yang wrote a letter to himself in prison, "The king of filial piety established him, and the soldier was the guest." If you die, the filial king will be afraid of death." He asked Zou Yang for advice.Zou Yang made friends with Wang Changjun, brother of Emperor Jing's favorite concubine Wang Meiren, and asked Wang Meiren to intercede for Liang Wang in front of Emperor Jing, and the matter was resolved.See "Han Shu" biography. 〔13〕Miscellaneous Notes of Xijing, written by Ge Hong in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, named Liu Xin in the Western Han Dynasty.Originally in two volumes, it was later divided into six volumes.Describe the anecdotes and myths and legends left over from the Western Han Dynasty.Among them, it is remembered that Wangyou Museum did Fu, but no other books have been seen.Lu Qiaoru and Gongsun Cheng are unknown. "Liu Fu" and other seven chapters, all of which are chanting things and praising saints. Ge Hong (284-363), courtesy name Zhichuan, was born in Jurong (now Jiangsu) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.In addition to "Miscellaneous Notes of Xijing", there are also "Baopuzi" and "Biography of Immortals". 〔14〕 For Liu Xin, see Note 〔5〕 on page 11 of this volume. 〔15〕 "Liangwang Tuyuan Fu" describes the mountains and rocks in the Tuyuan garden, the victory of forest and poultry, and the joy of shooting and fishing for guests, and it is included in "Guwenyuan". "Linbachi Yuanjue Fu", the text has been lost. "Selected Works" Xie Tiao's "Xiu Mu's Return to the Way" notes by Tang Lishan: ""Mei Cheng Ji" has "Linbachi Yuanjue Fu"." 〔16〕"Seven Remonstrations" written by Dongfang Shuo in the Western Han Dynasty.The content is to commemorate Qu Yuan.In addition to the small preface, there are seven paragraphs: "Chu Fang", "Shen Jiang", "Resentment to the World", "Resentment", "Self-sorrow", "Sadness", and "Absurd Admonition". 、 For the author of "Da Zhao", please refer to the fourth chapter of this book and its notes [20] [27].The content series describe the beauty of food, women, and palaces, and bring back the soul.In Meicheng's "Qifa", assuming that the prince of Chu was ill, Wu Ke went to ask him, and enlightened the prince with seven things about music, food, chariots and horses, sightseeing, field hunting, watching the waves, and discussing Taoism, so it was called "Qifa".This type of style will be called "seven styles" or "seven" in the future.According to Meicheng, he created the "seven" style for the first time. Dongfang Shuofang was fourteen years old when he died. It seems that "Seven Admonitions" could not be written before "Qifa". [17] Regarding the imitation of "Qifa", Volume 57 of "Yiwen Leiju" quoted Fu Xuan's "Qimo Preface" in the Western Jin Dynasty: Yi, Liu Guangshi, Cui Yi, Li You, Huan Lin, Cui Qi, and Liu Liang's disciples, those who inherited their traditions and wrote "Seven Excitement", "Qixing", "Seven Yi", "Seven Doubts" , "Qi Shuo", "Qi Juan", and "Qi Ju". Ma Jichang and Zhang Pingzi, the great masters of Confucianism, also quoted their sources and made them widely. Ma wrote "Qi Li", and Zhang made "Seven Debates." Fu Yi (?—approximately 90), courtesy name Wuzhong, was born in Fufeng Maoling (now Xingping, Shaanxi) in the Eastern Han Dynasty.At that time, Emperor Zhang was the official historian of Lantai, and he co-edited and revised the books with Ban Gu and others.The "Qiji" written by Xuantongzi said about Mr. Tuhua with seven things, such as treasures and horses.See Volume 57 of "Art and Literature Collection".Liu Guang, should be Liu Guangshi, his life is unknown.The "Qixing" written by him has been lost, and the fifty-seventh volume of "Yiwenleiju" and the annotations of "Wenxuan Qiming" still have remnants.Cui Yi (?—92), courtesy name Tingbo, was born in Anping (now Hebei) in Zhuo County in the Eastern Han Dynasty.When he was young, he was as famous as Ban Gu and Fu Yi, and he wrote a total of 21 poems and Fu such as "Da Zhi". "Qiyi" has been lost, and there are remnants of volume 57 of "Yiwen Leiju" and volumes 142 and 144 of "Beitang Shuchao". [18] Xie Lingyun (385-433) was born in Song Yangxia (now Taikang, Henan) in the Southern Dynasties.The grandson of Xie Xuan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he was granted the title of Duke Kangle, and served as the prefect of Yongjia in the Song Dynasty.There is "Xie Kangle Collection".Bian Jing, his life is unknown. "Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi" recorded ten volumes of "Qi Lin", the original note: "Liang twelve volumes, recorded two volumes, written by Bian Jing. Liang also had "Qi Lin" thirty volumes, one volume of sound, died." 〔19〕Cao Zhi (192-232), styled Zijian, was born in Peiguoqiao (now Boxian County, Anhui Province) in the Three Kingdoms Period. Cao Cao's third son, granted the title of King Chen, posthumously named Si Si, later known as King Chen Si.There are "Cao Zijian Collection" and "Seven Enlightenments", which describe seven questions and answers between Xuanweizi and Jingjizi. 〔20〕Zhang Xie, styled Jingyang, was born in Anping (now Hebei) in the Western Jin Dynasty, and was an official in the history of Hejian.There is "Zhang Jingyang Collection". "Seven Lives" narrates the dialogue between the young master Chongmo and the doctor who died in China. 〔21〕Anonymous works were not done by one person at a time, or they originated in the Western Han Dynasty, but it is generally believed that most of them originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty.Liang Xiaotong compiled a group of income "Selected Works", titled.It is an important work of five-character poems by early literati. [22] Li Shan (approximately 630-689) was born in Tang Jiangdu (now Jiangsu).He used to be a bachelor of Chongxian Museum, but was later exiled because of a crime. After being pardoned, he devoted himself to research and lectures on "Wen Xuan".The sentences such as "Bingyun Ancient Poetry" here are notes under the title of the book. [23] Xu Ling (507-583), styled Xiaomu, was born in Chen Donghai Tan (now Tancheng, Shandong) in the Southern Dynasties.Liang was a bachelor of Donggong at that time, Chen Shi was Zuo Pushe and supervisor of Zhongshu, and he was a representative writer of palace style poetry.There is "Xu Xiaomu Collection". "New Odes on Yutai" is a collection of poems compiled by him, ten volumes.Among them, there are nine poems titled Mei Cheng, eight of which can be seen in "Grass by the Qingqing River", "Tall Buildings in the Northwest", "Plucking Hibiscus in the River", "A Strange Tree in the Court", "The Altair in the Distance", " The East City Is High and Long", "The Bright Moon He Jiaojiao", "Walking and Walking Again".The other song "Lan Ruosheng Chunyang" is not included.According to whether these nine poems were written by Meicheng, scholars have many disagreements. 〔24〕 "Follow the words into rhyme, follow the rhyme into fun" and the following sentence "Animals are magical in gentleness" and other sentences, see Hu Yinglin's "Shisou·Ancient Style·Five Characters": "To "Nineteen Poems" and other miscellaneous poems , follow the words into rhyme, follow the rhyme into fun, the rhetoric is strong, and there is nothing to be found, but the imagery is exquisite, the meaning is deep and graceful, it can really weep ghosts and gods, and move the world." "The difficulty of poetry is that its "Nineteen Poems" The magic of animals lies in gentleness, and the sense of sorrow lies in peace; the shallower and deeper the meaning, the closer and farther the words are; It is unintentional to publish it, so it can reach the infinitely small, covering the ages." 〔25〕Li Ling (?—74 before) styled Shaoqing, was born in Longxi Chengji (now Qin'an, Gansu) in the Western Han Dynasty, and was the grandson of the famous general Li Guang.Guanqi Duwei, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty defeated the Xiongnu, he was defeated and surrendered to the enemy.Su Wu (?—60 BC), courtesy name Ziqing, was born in Duling (now Xi'an, Shaanxi) in the Western Han Dynasty.During Emperor Wu's reign, Zhonglang was sent as an envoy to the Xiongnu, and he was detained for 19 years without surrendering. Later, the Huns reconciled with the Han and were able to return to the country.Scholars suspect that the extant poems given by Su Wu and Li Ling are false entrustments of later generations. Please refer to the ninth chapter of this book and its notes [26]. 〔26〕Huainan Wang An is Liu An (179-122 BC), the eldest son of Liu Bangsun, the Li Wang of Huainan.Because Emperor Wu had no children, he had different ambitions, and because of the death of King Li, he harbored resentment, so he rebelled and committed suicide.See "Han Shu Huainan Hengshan Jibei King Biography" for his deeds. 〔27〕The "Inner Book", "Inner Book", "Outer Book" and "The Middle Chapter" were all compiled by the disciples of Liu Anji, the king of Huainan. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" describes 21 chapters in "Huainan Inner" and 33 chapters in "Huainan Outer".Tang Yanshigu notes: ""Inner Chapter" talks about Taoism, "Outer Chapter" miscellaneous." "Inner Book" is also called "Hong Lie", and "Outer Book" is also called "Huainan Outer Chapter".In the Preface to Huainanzi written by Gao You of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu An and other Confucians "discussed morality together, and the President wrote this book with benevolence and righteousness. Returning to the Tao, the title is "Hong Lie". Hong, Da Ye; Strong, Ming also.I thought it was the words of Dao Ming. ... There are nineteen more chapters, which are called "Huainan Outer Chapters". ""Hong Lie" was renamed "Huainan" by Liu Xiang's school magazine in the Western Han Dynasty, and later called "Huainanzi". 〔28〕Eight Dukes, including Su Fei and Li Shang, were all guests of Huainan kings, and they were called "Eight Dukes". The deeds of Zuo Wu, Lei Bei and Wu Bei can be found in "Historical Records Huainan King Biography".Lei Bei and Wu Bei can also be seen in "Hanshu Huainan King Biography", and Wu Bei's "Hanshu" has another biography. 〔29〕 "Dashan", "Small Mountain" Wang Yi's "Chu Ci Zhangju · Recruiting Hermits Preface": "In the past, Huainan Wang An Boya was fond of the ancients, and he recruited the world's magnificent men. Returning to their benevolence, each exhausting their talents and wisdom, writing chapters, creating rhymes and Fu, and following each other by category, so it may be called "Xiaoshan" or "Dashan". "Here, "Dashan" and "Xiaoshan" refer to chapters; Gao You's "Huainanzi Preface" says: "All Confucianists from Dashan and Xiaoshan" think it is the name of a person. 〔30〕 "Zhao Hermit" This article has different explanations: Wang Yi's "Chu Ci Zhangju Zhao Hermit Preface" believes that it is the work of "Min Shang Qu Yuan"; Qing Wang Fuzhi's "Chu Ci Tongshi Zhao Hermit" says: "According to the meaning of this article, it is all about recruiting hermits and recruiting people who are lurking in the valley for Huainan. There is absolutely no intention of Min Quzi to discuss it." [31] Hejian Xian Wangde is Liu De (? - 130 before), Emperor Jing Liu Qizi.He collected ancient books, established a doctorate, and praised Confucianism.For the deeds, see "Han Shu·Jing Thirteen Kings Biography".