Chapter 7 Chapter Seven: Jia Yi and Ruo Cuo

Chapter Seven: Jia Yi and Ruo Cuo In the early Han Dynasty, those who were good at speaking and governing Taoism were also good at articles. First, there was Lu Jiazuo Gaozu, who called "Poetry" every time; His book is called "Xinyu" [1]; it is preserved today.During the reign of Emperor Wen, there was Jiashan in Yingchuan, who tried to use Qin as a metaphor to talk about the way to control chaos, which was called "Zhiyan" [2];Most of the words are lost today, but "Zhiyan" can be found in the biography of "Hanshu". Jia Yi [3], from Luoyang, tasted the "Spring and Autumn Zuo Family Biography" [4] from Dr. Qin Zhang Cang.At the age of eighteen, he was known in the county for being able to recite "Poetry" and was known in the county. Tingwei Wu Gong (5) recommended him to Emperor Wen and called him a doctor. He was more than 20 years old at the time, and he was good at answering imperial orders.Emperor Wen Yuezhi, one year old Zhongchao moved to Dazhong Dafu, and planned to be a public minister.Jiangguan Feng Jing[6] and others destroyed it and said: "The people in Luoyang are young and beginners, they only want to be powerful, and they mess up everything." .Yi not only went away with resignation, was not satisfied, and crossed the Xiangshui River, but also mourned Qu Yuan, and also told himself:

"Courtesy of grace and blessings, crimes in Changsha, hearing of Qu Yuan, self-cultivation of Zhan Miluo. Creation of Xiangliu, respect and condolences to Mr., but the death of the world, and death. Alas, the time is ominous, and the phoenix is ​​flying, and the owl is soaring. The velvet is respectful and slanderous and flattering, the sage is rebellious and the square is upright and the plant is upside down....The voice is silent, and there is no reason for life. Abandon the Zhou Ding, treasure the gourd. Ji hangs his ears and wears a salt cart. Zhang Fu recommends shoes, and it will not last long. Mister bitterness, leave this blame alone. The news said: "It's over. I don't know about the country. I'm the only one who is depressed." The phoenix drifts away from its height, but the husband will lead him away. The dragon who attacks the nine abyss, dives deep to cherish himself; The gods and virtues are far away from the turbid world and they are hidden; so that the Qiji can be tied and restrained, so it is like a different husband and dog sheep. There are many people who are away from this, and it is also the reason of the master; why bother I am pregnant with this city! The phoenix soars above Qianren, looking down at the brilliance of virtue; seeing the danger of fine virtue, I hit it away from afar. How can the ordinary filth be tolerated by the giant fish that swallows the boat? "The whales in the rivers and lakes will surely be controlled by ants."

Three years later, an owl flew into the friendship house and stopped at a corner.Changsha is low and wet, and Yi fears that he will not live long, because he wrote "Fu Fu" to promote himself, and those who obey are called owls by Chu people.The general meaning is that misfortune and fortune are entangled, good and bad are in the same domain, and the purpose is born, which is built to Zhuang Sheng.Over the age of 19, Emperor Wen Zhengyi asked ghosts and gods about the foundation, and he sighed that he couldn't do it.In a short time, he worshiped as the emperor's youngest son Lianghuai Wang Taifu (8).

At that time, the four princes Li of Huainan [9] were reappointed as Liehou, and they were sparsely admonished; Cut it. His policy of law and order is as long as six thousand words, and he thinks that "the situation in the world, there are one who can cry bitterly, two who can runny nose, six who can take a long breath, and others who are unreasonable and hurt the way, it is difficult to explain it all Ju", because the history refers to its loss, it is quite important, but I don't hear it.After living for several years, King Huai fell off his horse and died, leaving no heirs;

Bicuo [11], a native of Yingchuan, who learned less about Shang and Xing and was named Yu Zhanghui [12], when Emperor Wen took literature as a common anecdote, he was sent from Fusheng, Jinan to receive the "Shangshu", and returned it because he was doing something cheap , In order to say, the imperial edict thought that the prince sheren, the doctor of the family, and the doctor Qian, worshiped the prince's family order.He also won the favor of the prince by debating, and the prince's family is called a think tank.Promote virtuous and good literature, countermeasures for high ranking, and count those who wrote to Emperor Wen, saying that the affairs of the princes and the laws can be changed.The emperor didn't listen, but he was so talented that he moved to the doctor.When Emperor Jing came to the throne, he believed that internal history, and always listened to what he said, so he favored Jiuqing, and many laws and regulations were changed.Also please cut down the land of the princes and take back their branches.It said that cutting Wu [14] said:

"In the past, when Emperor Gao established the world at the beginning, there were few brothers in Kun, and the sons were weak, and they were given the same surname. Therefore, the evil son mourned the seventy-two cities of King Hui, the king of Qi, the forty cities of Chu, the king of Yuan, and the fifty cities of Wu, the elder brother. The three concubines were sealed off, and the world was divided into half. Today, there is a gap between the princes in front of the king of Wu, who pretends to be ill and will not go to court, so he should be punished according to the ancient law. Arrogant and unrestrained, the king makes money from the mountains, boils the sea into salt, lures the dead in the world, and plots rebellion. If you cut it now, it will be reversed, and if it is not cut, it will be reversed.

If it is cut, it will be urgent and the disaster will be small; if it is not cut, it will be delayed and the disaster will be great. " All the nobles dared not make it difficult for you to cut the land by mistake, but Dou Ying[15] argued for it, so there was a gap between the mistake and the mistake.The feudal lords were also sick first of the thirty chapters of the decree that they changed, so the seven kingdoms of Wu and Chu rebelled [16], using the name of Zhu Cuo; Dou Ying and Yuan Ang also said that Emperor Wen [17] ordered the rencuo to wear the clothes of the court and beheaded in the east. City (154 years ago).

Bi Jia's nature and behavior are quite the same at the beginning, one is from Fu Sheng's biography of "Shang Shu", and the other is from Zhang Cang's "Zuo Shi".If you make a mistake, please cut down the land of the princes and change the law; Yi also wants to correct the Shuo and change his color easily (18);All of his writings are straightforward and passionate, and they say whatever they want; Sima Qian also said: "Jia Shengbi made a mistake in applying for business." [19] Weiyi is particularly talented in literature, but Shen Shi is a little inferior, such as his "Policy for Public Security" and "Passing the Qin Dynasty" "On" and "Worthy Countermeasures", "Words on Soldiers", and "Guarding the Frontier and Encouraging Farmers" are all great works of the Western Han Dynasty. Comparing them, it can be seen that Jia Sheng's words are quite broad and broad, and cannot be compared with the deep knowledge of Bi Cuo.

However, the reason why it was so different afterwards was that Emperor Wen kept quiet, so Jia Sheng's suggestions were useless, and he died of depression as the king of Liang.He was wronged by Emperor Jing, and he was able to reform a little, so he was greatly favored, and he was able to do what he said. He called for a riot and was executed in Dongshi. slander.If you live in a different place and meet different masters, it will be impossible to know the end of the festival.However, Jia Yineng's articles were full of ups and downs in his life. Sima Qian mourned his failure and interpreted them with Qu Yuan, which is especially known to later generations.

reference book: "Historical Records" (Volume Eighty-Four, One Hundred and One) "Hanshu" (volume forty-eight, forty-nine) "Complete Chinese" (Compiled by Qing Yan Kejun) "History of Chinese Literature" (Part Three, Chapter Two) "Outline of the History of Chinese Literature" (Part Three, Chapter Four) ※ ※ ※ 〔1〕 "Xinyu", written by Lu Jia, twelve articles. "Summary of General Catalog of Siku Quanshu" says: "Jia Benzhuan of "Hanshu" is called "Xinyu" twelve articles. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" "Lu Jia", twenty-three chapters', covered by others Discuss it."

〔2〕 Jia Shanxi Han Yingchuan (now Yu County, Henan) people.He once served as the cavalry captain of Yingchuan Hou Guanying. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" describes eight articles of "Jiashan". "Zhiyan" narrates the historical lessons of the demise of the Qin Dynasty, emphasizing that the emperor should listen to the advice of his subordinates. [3] Jia Yi's "Hanshu Yiwenzhi" recorded fifty-eight chapters of "Jia Yi", and seven Fu. 〔4〕Zhang Cang (?—152 BC) was born in Yangwu (now Yuanyang, Henan) in the Western Han Dynasty.The censor in the Qin Dynasty, the Marquis of Beiping in the early Han Dynasty, and later the prime minister. "Hanshu Yiwenzhi" records sixteen chapters of "Zhang Cang". "Chunqiu Zuo Shi Zhuan", also known as "Zuo Zhuan", is said to have been written by Zuo Qiuming during the Spring and Autumn Period.It is a chronological history book that records the historical events of various countries at that time according to "Spring and Autumn".The narrative begins in the first year of Lu Yin (722 BC) and ends in the 14th year of Lu Miaogong (454 BC), 27 years longer than "Spring and Autumn". "Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi": ""Zuo Shi" came from Zhang Cang's family in the early Han Dynasty, and there is no biography. At the time of Emperor Wen, Liang Taifu Jia Yi was an exegesis." 〔5〕The name of Wu Gong is lost, and he was born in Shangcai (now Henan) in the Western Han Dynasty.He once studied at Li Si. When he was the governor of Henan Province, he paid great attention to Jia Yi, and after he was appointed as Tingwei, he recommended him to the court. 〔6〕Jiangguanjiang refers to Jianghou Zhoubo (?—169 before), Peixian County in the Western Han Dynasty (now Jiangsu) people.Guan refers to Yinghou Guanying (?—176 BC), a native of Suiyang (now Shangqiu, Henan) in the Western Han Dynasty.The two revolted with Liu Bang, and later worked together to kill Zhulu and welcome Emperor Wen.Zhou Bo was the Prime Minister of the Right, and Guan Ying was the Taiwei.Feng Jing (? - 142 BC), Emperor Wen was a Dianke and a royal doctor at the time.Zhou Bo, Guan Ying, Feng Jing and others destroyed Jia Yi's affairs, see "Hanshu·Jia Yi Biography". 〔7〕The king of Changsha established the Changsha Kingdom in the early Han Dynasty, and named Wu Rui the king of Changsha.The person Jia Yi entrusted was Wu Chan, the fifth Changsha king (Chan, one author). 〔8〕Liang Huai Wang Taifu Liang Huai Wang refers to Liu Yi, the youngest son of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty (? - 170 before). "Han Shu Jia Yi Biography" records that after Jia Yi was demoted to Changsha, Emperor Wen summoned Jia Yi. "Because of feeling ghosts and gods, I asked about the foundation of ghosts and gods. The reason for friendship is Taoism." [9] Huainan Li Wang’s fourth son, Huainan Li Wang’s younger brother Liu Chang, was sent to Sichuan for treason, and died without food on the way.Jia Yi's "knowing that the superior will surely restore the king" will be detrimental to the country, and he will be discouraged. 〔10〕Chen Zhengshi's "Han Shu·Jia Yi Biography" contains that Yi has repeatedly stated political affairs in the booklets, and these books are called "Chen Zhengshi Books", or "Public Security Policy".The following quotations are the Chinese version of "Public Security Policy". 〔11〕Bi Cuo (200 BC-154 BC) was born in Yingchuan (now Yuxian County, Henan Province) in the Western Han Dynasty. "Han Shu·Yi Wen Zhi" describes "Bi Cuo" thirty-one. [12] Zhang Hui was born in Zhi County (now Jiyuan, Henan) in the Western Han Dynasty. "Han Shu·Yuan Ang Bi Cuo Biography" contains: Bi Cuo "studied the name of Shang and Punishment from Zhe Zhang Huisheng Institute".Tang Yanshigu's note: "The Confucian student in Zhixian County was surnamed Zhang Minghui, and he wrongly followed him to apply for business law." 〔13〕Yuan Ang (?—148 before) is Yuan Ang, styled Si, a native of Chu in the Western Han Dynasty, and moved to Anling (now Xianyang, Shaanxi).When Emperor Wen was a doctor, he was Taichang later.Shen Tujia (? - 155 BC), a native of Liang in the Western Han Dynasty (the county is now Shangqiu, Henan). "Hanshu·Yuan Ang's Cuo Biography" contains: "Cuo also said that it is appropriate to cut down the affairs of the princes, and the laws and regulations can be changed, there are thirty chapters in the book. Although Xiaowen doesn't listen to everything, he is very talented.At that time, the crown prince was good at making mistakes, and many of Yuan An's great heroes were not good at making mistakes.Emperor Jing ascended the throne, taking mistakes as internal history.If the number is wrong, please speak and listen to it. Fortunately, Jiuqing has been favored, and many laws and regulations have been changed.The prime minister, Shentu Jia, is very convenient. " 〔14〕Speaking of cutting Wu "Han Shu·Jing Yan Wu Zhuan" contains: "The court was wronged as the prince's family order. Fortunately, the crown prince calmly said that Wu's mistakes can be cut. The number of books said that Emperor Wen was lenient and could not tolerate punishment. This king of Wu is becoming more and more tyrannical." When Emperor Jing ascended the throne, he was mistaken for the royal censor, and wrote a letter to ask Wu to be cut down.To make a mistake, that is, to make a mistake; "Wang Tianxia half", "Hanshu·Jingyan Wu Biography" and "Historical Records·Wu Wangbi Biography" are both "divided into the world". [15] Dou Ying (?—131 BC), styled Wangsun, was born in Guanjin (now Hengshui, Hebei) in the Western Han Dynasty. In the time of Emperor Jing, he worshiped the general, and in the time of Emperor Wu, he was the prime minister. According to the "Han Shu Yuan An Cuo Biography", Zhuo Cuo is the doctor of the royal family. There is a gap between the dispute and the wrong." 〔16〕Wu Chu Qiguo anti-"Hanshu · Jingdi Benji" contains: the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (154 before) In the first month, "Wu Wangzhe, Jiaoxi Wangang, Chu Wangwu, Zhao Wangsui, Jinan Wang Piguang, Suichuan Wangxian, and Jiaodong Wang Xiongqu all rebelled. Amnesty to the world, sent Taiwei Yafu and General Dou Ying to attack them and behead them. Shi Dafu made a mistake to thank the seven kingdoms."In February, "The generals broke through the seven kingdoms and beheaded more than 100,000 ranks. They pursued and beheaded the king of Wu in Dantu. King Ang of Jiaoxi, Wang Wu of Chu, Wang Sui of Zhao, Wang Piguang of Jinan, Wang Xian of Suichuan, and Wang Xiongqu of Jiaodong all committed suicide." [17] Emperor Wen should be called "Emperor Jing". 〔18〕Correcting Zhengshuo and changing clothes, "Hanshu·Jia Yizhuan" contains: "Yi thought that after more than 20 years of Han Xing, the world was in harmony, so it is appropriate to correct Zhengshuo, change clothes and colors, determine official names, and promote ritual and music. It is a grass with its ritual method, its color is yellow, and it is counted to five, and the name of the official is changed, and it is played. Emperor Wen humbly let Weihuang also." According to Qin, October is the beginning of the year, and the color is still black.According to "Han Shu Wu Di Ji", from the beginning of the first year of Taichu, "the first month is the beginning of the year. The color is yellow". 〔19〕The phrase "Jia Shengbin mistakenly stated Shenshang" can be found in "Historical Records Taishi Gong's Preface": "Since Cao Can recommended Gai Gong to speak of Huang Lao, but Jia Sheng and Bi wrongly stated Shen and Shang." Shen and Shang refer to Shen not Harm and Shang Yang. 〔20〕The language of "being straight and profound" can be found in "Hanshu·Yuan Angang Cuo Biography": "Mistakes are deeply straightforward and profound."