Chapter 2 Book Two and Poetry

Psalm 2 and "Poetry" "Zhou Li" [1], the book of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors in charge of foreign historians, [2] I don't know what the book is now.If the books of the Five Emperors are indeed the five canons, then only the "Yao Dian" is in the "Shangshu" [3]. "The Shang is the one who is superior. What the superior does is what the inferior writes." (Wang Chong's "Lunheng" and "Xusong Pian") or say: "This is a book from the previous generation." (Kong Yingda's "Shangshu Zhengyi") Weishu [ 4) It is said that "Confucius asked for books, and got the books of Huangdi Xuansun Dikui, from Qin Mugong, there are 3,240 articles. If you judge the distance and take the near, there will be 120 articles for the world law: 120 articles It is "Shangshu", and the eighteen chapters are "Zhonghou". Go to three thousand one hundred and twenty chapters."

("Shangshu Xuanji Seal") is an extravagant statement of the Han people and cannot be trusted. "Shangshu" covers a hundred chapters: "Yu Xiashu" twenty chapters, "Shangshu" and "Zhoushu" each forty chapters. 〔5〕The current edition is in order, and it is said that what Confucius did and what he said ("Hanshu" and "Yiwenzhi"), but it is also hard to believe, because his writing is not similar. 〔6〕Qin burnt the scriptures, Jinan Fusheng〔7〕 held the books in the mountains, and lost them again.In the rise of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Jing sent rencuo to follow the dictation, but Fu Shengxuan died of old age, only twenty-eight chapters from "Yao Dian" to "Qin Oath"; so the Han people tried to imagine twenty-eight nights. [8] There are six styles: Dian, Mo, Xun, Gao, Oath, and Ming. [9] It is called six bodies.However, there is "Yu Gong" [10] among them, which is quite similar to a record, and the rest are generally the words of the instruction and the report, which are like the edicts and memorials of later generations.His writing is plain and simple, but it is also hard to read, and the distance is decorated with algae rhymes to make it easier to learn, and when he travels far, the cover is already far away.Jin Weihong [11] said, "Fu Sheng was old, unable to speak clearly, and his words were incomprehensible, so that his daughter's rumors and teachings were wrong. Most of the Qi people's language is different from that of Yingchuan, and they don't know what they are wrong. Every twelve or three, let's take a look at it. It’s just for reading.” Therefore, there are many difficulties to understand.Now I will briefly record the Chinese language in "Yao Dian" to see the general:

"... The emperor said: If the time is right, Dengyong. Fang Qi said: Zhu, the son of Yin, Qiming. The emperor said: Call! Is it possible to sue? The emperor said: If you want to pick it up? Gonggong, Fangjiu and Gonggong. The emperor said: "Call! Silent words are unreasonable, like respect, and towering!" His counseling. If you are capable, serve Yi. Qi said: Yu, Gun! The emperor said: Yu, Ku! The emperor said: Go, Qinzai!After nine years, the performance is useless.The emperor said: Zi, Siyue!I have been in power for seventy years, you can be mediocre, and I will be obedient.Yue said: "If you are not virtuous, you will be the emperor."

Said: Mingming, Yang side ugly!Emperor Shi Xi said: "There is a widow under him, and he is called Yu Shun."The emperor said: Yu!I heard.how?Yue said: "Guzi."The father is stubborn, the mother is stubborn, and the elephant is proud. To restrain harmony with filial piety, to promote prosperity, not to be treacherous.The emperor said: I will try it.At Shiguanjue, the daughter was sentenced to two daughters, and the second daughter was sent to Guirui, and the concubine was sent to Yu. " Yang Xiong said, "The narrators in the past are prefaced by a hundred,... "The Book of Yu Xia" is Hun Huner, "Book of Shang" is Hao Haoer, "Book of Zhou" is Evil Er." ") [12] Yu Xia gave way, only Rao governed his achievements, and promoted Hughes, so it was profound; There is a sound of mourning, if you lose its support due to the cliff, you will think it is barren, and it is unknown.Such as "Xibo Kanli":

"Sibo has conquered Li, and Zu Yi was afraid, so he ran to the king and said: Son of Heaven! Heaven has fulfilled my Yin's order, and I am a man of Yuan Gui, so no one dares to know the auspiciousness. If you are not the king, you will not see my descendants. Only the king will kill himself if he uses his prostitution. Therefore, Heaven abandons me, and there is no healthy food. Don’t worry about my nature, and don’t lead the way. Today, our people are desperate, and they say, "Heaven will not lower their power, and their fate is not sincere? Today, the king is like a tower. The king said: Woohoo! I am born." Is there no destiny? Zuyi said back: Woohoo! It’s because the sins are more involved in the above, but can the fate be blamed on the sky? Yin’s death is about to die, and it’s merit, not without slaughter in Erbang!”

During the time of Emperor Wu, King Gong of Lu[13] destroyed the old house of Confucius and got the books collected by his late Sun Hui, all of which were written in ancient Chinese.Kong Anguo [14] collated them with modern prose and obtained twenty-five chapters, five of which were consistent with those recited by Fu Sheng. Because of the combination of ancient texts, he opened the chapters and wrote them in ancient Li characters, resulting in fifty-eight chapters.Since the matter of meeting witch cups [15], it is not allowed to play, but privately passed on its career to students, which is called the study of ancient prose in "Shangshu" ("Sui Shu" and "Jing Ji Zhi").However, those dictated by Xian Fusheng were called Jinwen because they were written in Han Li.

According to Kong’s biography, since it is not enough to value witchcraft, there are Zhang Ba[16] disciples who forged twenty-four articles such as "Shun Dian" and "Mizuo", which are also called ancient documents, but their meanings are so crude that they are not credible. in the world.If the present version of Confucius's "Guwen Shangshu" was played by Mei Zhe [17] in Yuzhang of the Jin Dynasty, only the "Shun Dian" was lost; when it was purchased in the Sui Dynasty, it was its chapter, which was sparsely read by Kong Yingda in the Tang Dynasty [18], so it was enlarged Walk in the world.Song Wuzhen [19] initially thought it suspicious; Zhu Xi even compared his Ci, thinking that "the modern prose is difficult and difficult, while the ancient prose is against the common people", "but it looks like the Jin and Song Dynasties", and the preface of the book may not be written by Anguo. 〔20〕Ming Meijue〔21〕 wrote "Shangshu Kaoyi", Youli published its reply, saying that ""Shangshu" only the ones that are handed down from Fu Sheng's oral recitation are the real ancient ones. Those that come out of the hole wall are all Confucian and fake works. Mostly according to the Chinese language of the scriptures "Lun" and "Meng", and stole their words and decorated them with "clouds".

Although the origin of poetry should have been earlier than records, Ge Tian's "Ba Que" and Huangdi's Le Ci [22], only its name survives. "Jiayu" said that Shun played the five-stringed qin, and wrote the poem "South Wind" (23): "The smoke from the south wind can relieve our people's frustration; the time of the south wind can enrich our people's wealth." "Shang Shu Da Zhuan" [24] also contained its "Qing Yun Song" saying: "Qing Yun is rotten. Xi, man, man, sun, moon, brilliance, Dan, Fudan, Xi!" The words only express the meaning, which is quite ancient, and it was first passed down in the Han and Wei Dynasties, and it is almost also an imitation of later generations.Those who can be credited are in the "Shangshu" and "Gao Taomo", (the pseudo-Confucian "Shangshu" is divided into "Yiji"), which says:

"... Kui said: Yu! I hit the stone and smashed the stone, and all the beasts danced, and the common people were harmonious. Emperor Yong wrote a song saying: The fate of the heavens is only a matter of time.Naige said: "Happiness is the stock, the head of state is rising, and the hundred workers are happy!"Gao Tao worshiped Jishou and threatened, "Never mind!"Take the lead to promote things, be cautious and conscientious, Qin Zai!Repeated provinces are successful, Qin Zai!Naigeng wrote a song saying: The head of state is bright, the thighs are good, and the general affairs are healthy!Another song said: "The head of state is congruent, the thighs are lazy, and everything is falling!"The emperor said: Yu, go, Qinzai! "

In terms of body style, it is as simple as possible, remove its auxiliary characters, and stop three words, which is the same as the later "Tang Zhi's "Pan Ming" [25] said: Gou Rixin, Day Rixin, and Rixin"; Occasionally, the words rhyme, but simple and unpretentious, there is nothing better than memoir.However, this special monarch and his ministers meet each other, and hope that each of them will be careful about his constitution and respect his duties. He sings long words, so his life is called a song. From the Shang Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty, there are three hundred and five poems in existence, which are called "poems".Although it was fire by Qin Dynasty first, it was satirized and recited not only in bamboo and silk, so it is the most complete.Sima Qian [26] initially thought that "there are more than 3,000 poems in the ancient "Poetry", and when it comes to Confucius, discard the importance and choose what can be applied to etiquette and righteousness. The first is to pick the deeds of the Houji, and the middle is to describe the prosperity of the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, and the lack of seriousness."

However, Kong Yingda in the Tang Dynasty doubted his words; Song Zhengqiao said that the poems were all written by the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and Confucius obtained them from the Taishi of Lu and compiled and recorded them.Zhu Xi's poems often have the same meaning as that of Zheng Qiao. He also said: "It is said that the master deleted poems. It seems that he just collected many poems. The master did not delete them, but just published them." [27] There are six styles, and "Poems" There are six meanings: one is Feng, the other is Fu, the third is Bi, the fourth is Xing, the fifth is Ya, and the sixth is Song.Feng Ya Song is based on its nature: the wind is the love poem of Luxiang; the elegant is the song of the imperial court;It is the three classics of "Poetry".Comparing Fu Xing to the system: the Fu expresses his feelings directly;It is the three latitudes of "Poetry".Wind begins with "Guan Sui", and elegance has its size, Xiaoya begins with "Deer Ming", Daya begins with "Wen Wang"; Song begins with "Qing Temple"; these are the four beginnings.In the Han Dynasty, there were many writers of "Poetry", including Shenpei in Lu, Yuangu in Qi, and Han Ying in Yan. [28] They were all listed in the list of academic officials, but their books are now dead.The only surviving one is the biography of Zhao Ren Mao Chang's poems, and his learning is said to have been passed down from Zixia; Hejian Xianwang is especially good. 〔29〕 Each of his poems is in order. Zheng Xuan believed that the first major preface was written by Zi Xia, and the subsequent minor prefaces were the collaboration of Zi Xia and Maogong. 〔30〕Han Yu said, "Zi Xia does not preface poems." [32] However, according to Fan Ye, it is true what Weihong of the Later Han Dynasty did. 〔33〕Mao's "Poetry Preface" is not credible, and the "Poems" of the three schools have been lost, so it is difficult to understand the original meaning of the poems.However, the order of the chapters in "Poetry" is not very chronological, so there are many different opinions later.In Ming He Kai's "Mao Shi Shi Ben Gu Yi" [34], he used poems to chronicle the year, saying that it started from the time of Xia Shaokang ("Gong Liu", "July", etc.) and ended in the time of King Jing of Zhou ( "Xiaquan"), although it is consistent with Mencius's theory of knowing people and discussing the world [35], it does not necessarily mean its original meaning.The five chapters of the important "Ode to Shang" [36] have clear deeds, and the words are also critical, which are similar to "Shangshu". Is it not false to use the above continuation of the song of Shun Gaotao?A piece of "Xuanniao" is recorded today; the preface of "Mao Shi" says: "Sacrificing to Emperor Gaozong." "The mysterious bird of destiny descended to give birth to Shang, and the house was filled with Yin and earth. The ancient emperor ordered Wutang, the domain of the other four directions, Fang ordered the successor, and nine of them were dying. The succession of Shang, the order is not dying, in the grandson of Wuding. Wuding Grandson, the King of Wu is invincible, the dragon and the flag are ten times, and the big is the inheritance. The country is thousands of miles away, and the Weimin is stopped. Come to fake Qiqi, Jingyuan Weihe, Yin is ordered to be Xianyi, what is Bailu. " As for the two "Ya", they are either beautiful or thorny, which shows the author's affection, not like the "Song" poem, which is full of praise.For example, in "Xiaoya" and "Caiwei", it is said that the recruiters are stationed far away, although they are tired but dare not rest: "Plucking weeds and picking weeds, weeds also stop. Every day returns and returns, and the years don't stop. If the house is ruined and the family is ruined, it is because of the chaos; if you don't open up the house everywhere, it is because of the chaos. . . . What is Bi Erwei? The flower of dimension.What is Belus?A gentleman's car.The military chariot is driving, and the four men are in business; How dare you settle down, three victories in January. ... In the past, I went away, and the willows were Yiyi; now I come to think, it is raining and snowing, and the road is slow, full of thirst and hunger.My heart is sad, I don't know my sorrow! " This covers the so-called complaints and slanders without chaos, gentle and honest words. [37] However, there are also very passionate ones, such as "Daya" and "Zhanying": "Looking at the Haotian, it will not benefit me, and the holes will not be peaceful, and this will be severely punished. The country is stable, and the people and the people are in trouble. The thieves are sick, and there are barbarians; the crimes are not accepted, and there are barbarians! People! If there is a land, women will have it; people have people, and women will seize it. If you are not guilty of this, you will receive it if you are a woman; if you are guilty, you will talk about it again! , It’s deep; the heart is worried, and I’d rather be here now. Don’t put yourself first, don’t let yourself be behind. Despise the sky, and everything can be conquered; if you don’t respect the emperor’s ancestors, you can save yourself!” The words in "Guofeng" are relatively easy, and the lyricism is also more distinct.Such as: "In the wild, there are dead fructus covered with white grass; there are women who cherish the spring, and auspicious men lure them. In the forest, there are pomegranates; in the wild, there are dead deer, covered with white grass; there are women like jade. They are comfortable and loose; without feeling, I am embarrassed; Even if you don't make me bark!" ("Zhao Nan" "Death in the Wild") "Qin and Wei, Fang Huanxi; scholars and women, Fang Bingxi. Women say to watch, scholars say that. Let's go to watch, outside of Wei, enjoy the fun. Weishi and women, Yi Qi flirts with each other, and presents Use a spoonful of medicine..." ("Zheng Feng" and "Qin Wei") "Mountains have hubs, and scorpions have elms. Sons have clothes, which are used to drive flowers; sons have chariots and horses, which can be driven by them; when they are dead, others are happy. Mountains have scorpions, and scorpions have scorpions. Sons have courts, Fusa and Fusao; sons have bells and drums, Buddha drums and fukao, as long as they are dead, others are protectors. Mountains have lacquer, and scorpions have chestnuts. Sons have wine and food, why not play drums and zithers every day? And for joy, and for eternity. Wan Qi is dead, and others have entered the house." ("Tang Feng" "Mountain Youshu") The order of "Poetry" is "Guofeng" first, "Ya" second, and "Song" second. The second chapter of "Guofeng" is the first Zhou Zhao Ernan [38], the second Beiwei Wei Wang Zheng Qi Wei Tang Qin Chen Hui Cao and finally Bin.Most of the people in the Song Dynasty believed that the order of the sequence was contained in the micro-purpose of Confucius, [39] However, the ancient poems have been handed down for a long time, and the order of the chapters may not be the same, and it is impossible to determine it today.However, "Poetry" begins with the plain and easy "Feng", and gradually reaches the classical and heavy "Ya" and "Song"; That's all. The three hundred poems in the "Poetry" all come from the north, with the Yellow River as the center.Among the fifteen kingdoms, Zhou Nan Zhao Nan Wang Hui Chen Zheng was in Henan, Bei Wei Wei Cao Qi Wei Tang was in Hebei, Bi Qin was on the coast of Jing Wei, and the territory did not exceed the four provinces of Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Shandong.He values ​​the people, so even though he expresses his heart directly, he can still stop at propriety and righteousness. He is angry but not violent, resentful but not angry, sad but not hurtful, happy but not lewd. Although poetry is also a lesson.However, this special post-Confucian words are actually the words of Chu Chu, and the unrestrained words are often found in "Feng" and "Ya". Confucius said: "The "Poems" are three hundred, summed up in one sentence, saying: Si It’s innocent.” Later Confucianism said, “Let Zheng’s voice go” because Confucius told Yan Yuan to be a state.He also said: "Evil Zheng's voice is messing with elegance and music." [40] Then he also doubted "Zheng Feng", thinking that lust and indulgence missed its purpose.If the mind is not pure, external things will follow. Ji Kang [41] said: "If the husband's Zheng's voice is the most wonderful voice, the wonderful voice is touching, just like the beauty and beauty that confuse the will. The perfect man, who can control it." (This collection "Sound Without Sorrow and Joy") The world's desire to donate the graceful voice is due to this, and the reason is also generalized in the article. reference book: "Shangshu Zhengyi" (Tang Kong Yingda) "Mao Poetry Justice" (same as above) "Jingyi Kao" (Qing Zhu Yizun) volume seventy-two to seventy-six volume ninety-eight to one hundred "Outline of the History of Chinese Literature" (Kojima Kenkichiro, Japan) the second chapter two to four chapters "Research on the Book of Songs" (Xie immeasurable) ※ ※ ※ [1] "Zhou Li", also known as "Zhou Guan", describes the official system of the Zhou royal family and the systems of various countries during the Warring States period, and was written in the late Warring States period.It is divided into six chapters: "Tianguan Zhongzai", "Diguan Situ", "Spring Official Zongbo", "Summer Official Sima", "Autumn Official Sikou", and "Winter Official Sikong". "Dongguan Sikong" has been lost, and King Xian (Liu De) of Hejian in the Western Han Dynasty supplemented it with "Kaogongji". 〔2〕 The foreign history "Zhou Li Chunguan Zongbo" contains: "The foreign historian controls the books and orders, controls the ambitions of the four directions, controls the books of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, and controls the titles of the books in the four directions. If the book is used in the four directions, then the order is written. " The book of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, that is, "Three Graves and Five Codes".Kong Anguo of the Western Han Dynasty's "Preface to the Book of History" contains: "The books of Fuxi, Shennong, and Huangdi are called the Three Tombs, and they talk about the Dao. The books of Shaohao, Zhuanxu, Gaoxin, Tang, and Yu are called the Five Classics, which are commonplace." [3] The first chapter of "Yao Dian" and "Shang Shu", also known as "Di Dian".It mainly records the deeds of Yao and Shun's abdication. "Shangshu", a compilation of ancient Chinese historical documents and writings recounting ancient historical events. 〔4〕Wei Shu is a book in which people in the Han Dynasty mixed theology and superstition with Confucian classics. The weft books of the seven classics of "Yi", "Poetry", "Li", "Yue", "Spring and Autumn", and "Book of Filial Piety" are collectively referred to as "seven latitudes". "Xuan Ji Qian" is a kind of "Shang Shu Wei".Ming Hu Yinglin's "Sibu Zheng": "Wei's name, so it is accompanied by scriptures." The original book has been lost, and Ming Sun Gu's "Gu Weishu" and Qing Ma Guohan's "Yuhanshanfang Collection Lost Book" have been compiled.Emperor Kui, Southern Song Dynasty Luo Mi's "Road History Postscript Huangdi Ji": "The Emperor Kui's family is also the great-grandson of the Dahong family." It is said that the Dahong family is the son of the Yellow Emperor. "Zhong Hou", that is, the eighteen chapters of "Shang Shu Hou", is also a kind of weft book of "Shang Shu". [5] "Yu Xia Shu" refers to "Yu Shu" and "Xia Shu". "Book of Yu" records the legendary deeds of Tang Yao, Yu Shun, and Xia Yu, etc., and "Book of Xia" records the historical events of the Xia Dynasty. "Book of Shang" records the historical events of the Shang Dynasty, and "Book of Zhou" records the historical events of the Zhou Dynasty. 〔6〕Concerning the preface written by Confucius, according to "Hanshu Yiwenzhi": "So it started far away, and it was compiled by Confucius. The first part was broken by Yao, and the second part was ended by Qin. Every hundred chapters are prefaces, and they are described. intention." [7] Famous places in Fusheng.Born in Jinan (now Zhangqiu, Shandong) in the Western Han Dynasty. "Historical Records Confucian Biography": "Therefore, it is Dr. Qin. During Emperor Xiaowen's reign, there was no one in the world who wanted to be able to cure the "Shangshu", but he heard that Fusheng could cure it, so he wanted to call him. At that time, Fusheng was more than ninety years old. , could not be done, so the edicts were too often made to accept the anecdotes. During the Qin Dynasty, books were burned and Fu Sheng kept them on the wall. Afterwards, the army rose up and went into exile. After Han Ding, Fu Sheng asked for his books, and dozens of articles were lost. Only twenty-nine pieces have been obtained, which is to teach between Qi and Lu." "Emperor Jing" below should be "Emperor Wen". 〔8〕About the twenty-eight chapters of the Han people who planned the twenty-eight nights, according to Tang Simazhen's Suo Yin in "Historical Records: Biography of Scholars": "Kong Zang and Anguo Shu said: 'The old hidden in the wall room. Shen. I only heard that the twenty-eight chapters in the "Shangshu" are based on the twenty-eight mansions, and there are hundreds of Hetu." [9] Dian, Mo, Xun, Gao, Oath, and Ming are the six styles in Shangshu.Dian, which records the words and deeds of the emperor, as a common law for future generations, such as "Dian Yao".Mo, which describes the monarchs and ministers discussing state affairs, such as "Gao Tao Mo".Training, describing the teaching words, such as "Yi Xun".Gao, administrative proclamation, such as "Tang Gao".Oath, an oath to encourage soldiers before the battle, such as "Oath of Shepherd".Ming, the emperor's edict, such as "Gu Ming". [10] An article in "Yugong" and "Shangshu·Xiashu".The content records that King Yu of Xia demarcated Ji, Yan, Qing, Xu and other nine states, and recorded the mountains, rivers, soil, products and tribute levels of each state.People in recent times believe that narratives reflecting natural phenomena and tribute issues in such a vast area could only appear in the Warring States period. [11] Wei Hong, styled Jingzhong, was born in Donghai (now Tancheng, Shandong) in the Eastern Han Dynasty.Emperor Guangwu served as Yilang at that time, and curated "Mao Shi" and "Guwen Shangshu".For Wei Hong's words, see Yan Shigu's annotation in "Hanshu·Rulin Biography". "Jin" should be "Eastern Han". [12] For Yang Xiong, see Note [12] on page 25 of this volume.He has written "Fayan", "Dialect" and other books and Fu such as "Oasis" and "Changyang". "Fa Yan", thirteen volumes, a work written in imitation. According to Tang Kong Yingda's "Shangshu Zhengyi": "According to Zheng (Xuan)'s preface, there are 20 chapters in "Yu Xiashu", 40 chapters in "Shangshu", and 40 chapters in "Zhoushu". " [13] The king of the Communist Party of Lu is Liu Yu, the son of Emperor Jing of the Western Han Dynasty. "Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi" records: "The king of the Communist Party of Lu destroyed the old house of Confucius and obtained the books collected by his late Sun Hui. The characters are all in ancient Chinese." [14] Kong Anguo, the twelfth grandson of Kong Qiu, served as an admonishing doctor and prefect of Linhuai during Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. "Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi" records: "The books in the old house of Kong Qiu are all ancient Chinese characters, and Kong Anguo corrected them with modern Chinese texts...and Jinan Fusheng recited them, and there are five of them. The chapters are written in ancient Li characters, and they are combined into fifty-eight chapters."The "five chapters are in harmony" mentioned here, according to the "Preface to Kong Zhuan": Fu Sheng said that ""Shun Dian" is combined with "Yao Dian", "Yi Ji" is combined with "Gao Tao Mo", "Pangeng" is combined into one, and "Kang Wang Zhi Gao" is combined with "Gu Ming"; "Synthesis of fifty-eight chapters", from the twenty-eight chapters dictated by Fu Sheng, five "combined" chapters were divided, totaling thirty-three chapters, plus twenty-five chapters by Kong Anguo school, a total of fifty-eight chapters. [15] The matter of witch cup refers to the disaster of witch cup.Emperor Wu was sick in his later years, and it was suspected that someone had murdered him with the technique of witchcraft.The favored minister Jiang Chong then framed the prince for usurping the throne by using cup techniques.In the second year of Zhenghe, the prince was forced to flee and finally committed suicide.Tens of thousands of people died in order to trace the witch cup incident.At that time, it was superstitious to believe that burying puppets in the ground and cursing them with witchcraft could harm people. 〔16〕 Zhang Ba was born in Donglai (now Ye County, Shandong Province) in the Western Han Dynasty.During the reign of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, the ancient text "Shangshu" was forged.Wang Chong of the Eastern Han Dynasty's "Lunheng Zhengshuo Pian": "When Xiaocheng became the emperor, he was recruited as the study of the ancient text "Shangshu". The preface of the hundreds of chapters on the case of Zhangba in the East China Sea, a hundred liang of chapters were created in vain, and dedicated to the emperor. The emperor published a hundred secret chapters It is not appropriate to school them, so they are bullying the officials. Officials are guilty of bullying until death, and Emperor Cheng embodies his talents but does not punish him, but he also regrets that his writings are not destroyed." Created by Zhang Ba, it is known as "Bai Liang Pian" in the world. "Hanshu Rulin Biography": "The "Hundred Two Psalms" handed down by the world came from Zhang Ba in Donglai. After analyzing the twenty-nine chapters, they thought it was dozens, and also adopted "Zuo Shi Zhuan" and "Shu Xu" as works. From the beginning to the end, there are one hundred and two chapters." 〔17〕Mei Ziyou was written as Mei Yi or Mei Zi, and his style name was Zhongzhen. He was born in Runan (now Wuchang, Hubei) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was once the internal historian of Yuzhang.During the reign of Emperor Yuan of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he presented Kong Chuan's "Guwen Shangshu". 〔18〕Kong Yingda (574-648) was born in Hengshui (now Hebei) in Jizhou in Tang Dynasty. From the Sui Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the officials went to the son of the state to sacrifice wine, and was ordered by Emperor Taizong to edit the "Five Classics of Justice". 〔19〕Wu Yu (approximately 1100-1154) was born in Jian'an (now Jian'ou, Fujian) in the Southern Song Dynasty.Guan Quanzhou Tongju, wrote "Yun Bu" and so on.His doubts about "Guwen Shangshu" can be found in his "Book Barnyard Biography".The book has been lost, but the eighth volume of "Guwen Shangshu Shuzheng" by Yan Ruoqiu of the Qing Dynasty said: "The suspicion of ancient writings began when Wu Cai was old." Zhu Xi in the Southern Song Dynasty and Meizhuo in the Ming Dynasty both quoted Wu Yu's theory. [20] For Zhu Xi, see Note [15] on page 88 of this volume.He has written "Annotations to the Collection of Chapters and Sentences of the Four Books", "The Biography of Poems" and "Zhu Zi Yu Lei".For his doubts about Kong Chuan's "Gu Wen Shang Shu", see "Zhu Zi Yu Lei" Volume 78. 〔21〕Mei Zhuo, styled Jingzhai, was born in Jingde (now Anhui) in the Ming Dynasty, and was a Jinshi during the Zhengde period of Emperor Wuzong.He wrote "Shangshu Kaoyi" and "Shangshupu". 〔22〕Yellow Emperor's Le Ci is "Xianchi". "Han Shu Li Le Zhi": "The Yellow Emperor wrote "Xianchi"." 〔23〕The abbreviation of "Jiayu" and "Confucius's Jiayu", which contains twenty-seven volumes in "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi".The ten volumes of the current edition have been believed to have been collected and forged by Wang Su of the Wei Dynasty since the Song Dynasty. "South Wind", "Book of Rites · Music Book": "In the past, Shun made a five-stringed qin and sang the south wind." The song "South Wind" can be found in "Zizi" and "Jiayu". 〔24〕The old title of "Shangshu Dazhuan" was written by Fusheng in the Western Han Dynasty.Chen Shouqi in the Qing Dynasty has a compilation edition.It said: "Shun is the guest, and Yu is the host.... At that time, Qing gathered in the clouds, Jun Yi gathered, and all the masters and ministers sang "Qing Yun"".According to "Qingyun", it is also called "Qingyun". 〔25〕 "Pan Ming" see "Book of Rites University".Zhu Xi's note: "Pan, the dish for bathing. Ming, the name of its device is also a self-warning speech. " [26] For Sima Qian (about 145-about 86 BC), please refer to Chapter 10 of this book.See "Historical Records The Family of Confucius" for the citation. 〔27〕Concerning the deletion of poems by Confucius, Kong Yingda doubted the words of "Historical Records", see "Preface to Poems": "As stated in the "Historical Records", before Confucius, there were many poems. The poems quoted in the biography of the case are more in existence and less in the dead, so the records of Confucius cannot be divided into ten and nine. Ma Qian said that there are three thousand ancient poems. The remaining articles are not credible." Zheng Qiao (1103-1162), styled Yuzhong, was born in Putian (now part of Fujian) in the Southern Song Dynasty.He said in the "Six Classics Aolun·Deletion of Poems": "The husband's "Poems" were worshiped as soup from "Shang Song" to "Zhulin" assassinating Chen Linggong. It took more than a thousand years, but the poems were only three Of the hundred and five chapters, one was selected from ten monarchs. They were all written by the Shang and Zhou dynasties. The master also obtained them from the Grand Master of Lu, compiled and recorded them, and did not intend to delete them." The following quotes Zhu Xi's deletion of poems to Confucius. For questions, see Volume 23 of "Zhu Zi Yu Lei". 〔28〕Shen Peixi, a native of Hanlu (now Qufu, Shandong), was a doctor of Taizhong during Emperor Wu.Yuan Gu, a native of Qi (now Zibo, Shandong) in the Western Han Dynasty, was a doctor during Emperor Jing.Han Ying, a native of Yan (now Beijing) in the Western Han Dynasty, was a doctor during Emperor Wen.The three are the founders of "Lu Poetics", "Qi Poetics" and "Han Poetics".These three Schools of "Poetry" were all listed as subjects of classics by the imperial court, and their books have all been lost.Wang Xianqian of the Qing Dynasty has a compilation edition of "The Collection of Poetry and Three Masters". 〔29〕Mao Changchang, as "Chang", was born in Zhao (now Handan, Hebei Province) in the Western Han Dynasty.According to legend, he is the instructor of "Mao Poetics".Served as Dr. Hejian Xianwang.Zixia (before 507-?), surnamed Bu and named Shang, was born in Wen (now Wen County, Henan) in the Spring and Autumn Period of Jin Dynasty, and was a disciple of Confucius.According to legend, "Poetry" and "Spring and Autumn" were taught by him.Hejian Xianwang, that is, Liu De, see note [31] on page 405 of this volume. 〔30〕The general preface of the "Poetry" contained after the "Small Preface" of the first chapter of "Guofeng" "Guofeng", which comprehensively discusses the nature, content, form and function of ancient poetry.The small preface is a brief explanation of the poem under the title of each chapter of "Poetry".For Zheng Xuan's opinions on the authorship of the preface and preface to "Poetry", see his "Book of Songs".Mao Gong, that is, Mao Heng.He was born in Lu (now Qufu, Shandong) in the Western Han Dynasty, and he was born in Hejian (the county is now Xianxian, Hebei).According to legend, he is the founder of "Mao Poetics". "Mao Poetics" was passed down from Mao Heng. Later generations called Mao Heng "Big Mao Gong" and Mao Chang "Little Mao Gong". 〔31〕 For Han Yu, please refer to Note 〔1〕 on page 77 of this volume.Ming Yang Shen's "Sheng'an Jingshuo Poetry Preface": "I have seen the ancient Korean version, there is an article "Yi Poem Preface", which says 'Zi Xia does not preface poems'." [32] Zhu Xi does not believe in the Preface to the Poetry, see Volume 80 of Zhu Zi Yu Lei: "The Preface to the Poetry is totally unreliable, so how do you know who is Mei Ci?" The commentary is different from the Preface to Poems. 〔33〕For Fan Ye, please refer to Note 〔9〕 on page 40 of this volume.His "Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Biography of Scholars" says: "Wei Hong's character is Jingzhong, and he is also a native of the East China Sea. ...... Xie Manqing of Jiujiang is good at "Mao Shi", which is his training. Hong learned from Manqing, because he wrote "Mao Shi" sequence"." [34] He Kai, courtesy name Yuanzi, was born in Haiwei (now Zhangpu, Fujian) in the Ming Dynasty, and was a Jinshi during the reign of Xi Zong Tianqi.The ancient meaning of Mao Shi Shiben, also known as "The Book of Songs Shiben Guyi", has twenty-eight volumes.The 300 pieces of "Poetry" are barely divided into ages, and the names of the authors are attached; 〔35〕Knowing people and talking about the world published "Mencius Wanzhang": "Praise his poems and read his books, do you know who he is? It is also a good friend to talk about his world." [36] "Ode to Shang" includes five chapters: "Na", "Liezu", "Xuanniao", "Long Hair", and "Yin Wu".Since the Song Dynasty, some people have suspected that "Ode to Shang" is not a work of the Shang Dynasty, and Qing Weiyuan's "Poetry Ancient Micro · Shang Songfa Micro Pian" was identified as the work of Zheng Kaofu, a doctor of Song Xianggong. [37] See Sima Qian’s "Historical Records: Biography of Qu Yuan Jia Sheng" by Sima Qian for complaints and slanders: ""Guofeng" is lustful but not lewd, and "Xiaoya" complains but not chaos." Gentle and honest, see "Book of Rites". "Jing Jie": "Confucius said: 'When you enter his country, you can know his teachings. He is also a man, gentle and honest, and he is also taught in the Poetry'." [38] Zhou Zhaoer Nan refers to "Zhou Nan" and "Zhao Nan" in "Guofeng".Zhou is the area managed by Zhou Gongdan, and Zhao is the area managed by Zhao Gongshi.However, the scope of the poems collected in Ernanzhong includes not only the above two regions, but also poems in the Jianghan area in the south. 〔39〕Concerning the issue of sequence, Song Dynasty scholars such as Ouyang Xiu said in "Poetry Interpretation · Fifteen Kingdoms Interpretation": "The name of "Guofeng", starting with "Zhou" and ending with "Bin", all have their own mistakes. How can a sage say nothing? huh?" 〔40〕 ""Poetry" three hundred" and other sentences, see "The Analects of Confucius Weizheng". "Release the sound of Zheng", see "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong": "Yan Yuanwen is a state. The master said: "When traveling in summer, take advantage of the scorpion of Yin, and serve the crown of Zhou. The music is "Shao" and "Wu", and release Zheng The sound is far away from the sycophant. The sound of Zheng is obscene, and the sycophant is dangerous'." "Evil Zheng's sound is also chaotic and elegant", see "The Analects of Confucius Yanghuo". 〔41〕Ji Kang (223-262), styled Shu Ye, was born in Qiaojun (now Su County, Anhui) during the Three Kingdoms period.Official Zhongsan doctor, wrote "Ji Zhongsan Collection".