Chapter 18 The Sixteenth Novel of Gods and Demons of Ming Dynasty (Part 1)

The Sixteenth Novel of Gods and Demons of Ming Dynasty (Part 1) The grandeur of worshiping Daoist Liu Yu Ke is extremely high compared to that of Song Xuanhe. Although the Yuan Dynasty returned to Buddhism, he also respected Daoism, and his illusions and confusions spread all over the world. In the early Ming Dynasty, he declined a little, and he became very prominent after the middle period. In Chenghua, there was an alchemist Li Zi, Shi Jixiao, in the Zhengde period, there was a man of color and eyes, Yu Yong, [1] all used tricks to worship officials, their glory was shining, and the world envied them, but the theory of demons flourished, and their influence extended to the articles.Moreover, the disputes between the three religions have not been resolved in the past, and they are mutually tolerated. They are called "same origin". , The so-called gods and demons can be included in Gai Ke.In novels, "Ping Yao Zhuan" in the early Ming Dynasty has already begun, and the follow-up work is especially good.All the narrations are not fabricated by Taoists since the Song Dynasty, but they are in the minds of the people. They are messy and shallow, and the rate is not impressive.However, its power to reach people's hearts is very great, or some literati will gather and polish it, and it will also be the embryo of a huge work.

The collection of these novels is now known as "Four Journeys". There are four kinds of books and three authors. I don't know who compiled it, but judging from the appearance of the engraved edition, it should be in the ears of the Ming Dynasty. The first is "The Legend of the Eight Immortals in Shangdong", also known as "The Origin of the Eight Immortals, Journey to the East", with fifty-six chapters in the second volume, titled "Wu Yuantai of Lanjiang".Rumor has it that Tieguai (surnamed Li Mingxuan) attained enlightenment, saved Zhongli Quan, and Quan saved Lu Dongbin, and the two of them went to save Caoyou in Hanxiang, while Zhang Guolancai and He Xiangu became enlightened and became the Eight Immortals.One day they all went to the Pantao Festival, and on the way home they crossed the sea with their treasures. There was a dragon son who loved the orchid and the jade plate he stepped on. After Guanyin was reconciled, everyone thanked them and went, and the wait for "Tianyuan is far away from the world and the world is peaceful" began from then on.The Chinese words and colloquialisms in the book are mixed, and the events are often not related to each other, and they are based on folklore.

The second is "The Legend of Huaguang Tianwang, the Great Emperor Huaguang of Wuxian Lingguan", that is, "Journey to the South", with four volumes and eighteen chapters, titled "The people of Santai Mountain look up and stop Yu Xiangdou".Xiangdou [2] was a scholar in the late Ming Dynasty, and his name can still be seen in the engraved edition of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".In the book, there is a Miaojixiang boy who killed the Duhuo ghost and disobeyed the Tathagata, and demoted him to be the lady of the horse's ear. It was said that he had three eyes and five supernatural powers. He avenged his father. The family of the Flame Demon Heavenly King is for Lingyao, who is a teacher of the Heavenly Lord, and fraudulently steals his golden sword, refines it into gold bricks to make a magic weapon, and eventually causes chaos in the heavenly palace, and the upper world is full of chaos; The Xiao family, who is Huaguang, still has supernatural powers, fighting gods and demons, and the middle world is also in a state of chaos, so the emperor pardoned him.Because Huaguang lost the gold bricks, he wanted to refine it again, and sought the golden pagoda. Then he met Princess Iron Fan, captured her as his wife, and descended from all the demons. He was invincible. The lower realm is also full of turmoil.It has been known that the birth mother is actually a demon, named Jizhi Tuo Shengma, who eats the wife of the elder Xiao, and creates the appearance of Huaguang, but still eats people and is held by the Buddha. Light is saved.

... But Huaguang went to Fengdu three times and rescued his mother. He was very happy and said, "My son, you rescued me. Good luck, I want to ask Qi'e to eat." Huaguang asked, "Qi'e My daughter-in-law doesn't know what it is." The mother said, "Qi'e doesn't know, so you can ask Qianliyan Shunfenger." Huaguang immediately asked the two.The two said. "Naqi'e is a human being, and he thought about cannibalism." After hearing this, Hua Guang said to his mother, "Mother, you have suffered a lot in Fenghuang, and my child has tried everything to save you. Why do you want to eat people again? Don’t do it.” Mother said, “I want to eat!

Unfilial son, you don't have Qi'e to eat with me, who is going to rescue me? "Hua Guang had no choice but to push back and say, "I will ask you to eat in two days." "... (The Seventeenth Chapter "Huaguang's Three Visits to Fengdu") So he set up a list to seek medical treatment, and it was said that only immortal peaches can be cured. Hua Guang immediately pretended to be the great sage who is equal to heaven, and stole it.However, Qi Tian was suspected, asked the Buddha's mother, and knew it was Hua Guang, so he came to beg for it, but was burned by the fire pill, and failed; his daughter Yuebo had a skeleton, and the head hurt when she hit the enemy, and she died in two days.Huaguang was spelled, but he would not be able to afford it. Huoyan Wang Guangfo came out to discuss peace, Yuebo cut the bone and scratched the wound, Huaguang began to heal, and finally returned to Buddhism and Taoism.

Xie Zhaozhe of the Ming Dynasty ("Wuza Group" fifteenth) compared it with Huaguang's novels, saying that "the five elements are all based on the principle of restraint, and the fire is blazing, and it also goes up to the world, and it is impossible to extinguish it, but the true martial arts is controlled by water, and it returns to the right way." .And when Jizhituo was released from prison, he thought about food and human affairs, so he lamented the difficulty of moving to good, because he knew that this book had already existed in Wanli.Shen Defu's [3] discussion of drama ("Ye Huo Bian" twenty-five), also has the saying "Hua Guang's sage is too demonic", it is this kind of story, and it was performed as a script at that time.

The third is "The Biography of the Origin of Zhenwu Xuantian God in the North", that is, "Journey to the North", four volumes and twenty-four chapters, also compiled by Yu Xiangdou, recording Zhenwu himself and the incident of enlightenment and subjugation of demons.The theory that God is Xuantian already existed in the Han Dynasty ("Zhou Li" and "Da Zong Bo" Zheng's annotation), but it is actually different from the later Xuandi.This true martial artist of the Xuandi Emperor is based on the words of Yuke in the Song Dynasty, that is, "Yuandong Jade Calendar" (quoted in "Three Religions Searching for Gods"), the so-called Yuanshi said that it was in Yuqing. Zhou Wu conquered Zhou to rule Yang, Emperor Xuan received demons to rule Yin, "God bestowed Emperor Xuan with hair and feet, a golden armor and a black robe, and a black flag with soap, to lead Ding Jia, descend to the mortal world, and fight the six-day demon king in the cave. In the wild, it is time for the demon king to separate the two qi from the hurdles, transform into a turtle and a giant snake, and realize it. The Xuandi's divine power is captured under his feet, and the ghosts are locked in the big cave of Fengdu. The people are safe and order, and the universe is clean." , Ming also believed in it. 〔4〕The words in this biography are consistent with the old ones, but they are also stolen from the Buddha's biography from time to time, mixed with contemptuous remarks, and exaggerated and inspired, just like a village witch temple wishing to see.When it was called Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty at the beginning, the Jade Emperor was at a banquet, and suddenly thought of ordinary people, so he took one of the three souls as the son of Liu Shi, who was enlightened by the Tathagata and Sanqing, and was hidden in Penglai; , the second generation of Xixia, all princes, were taught by Tianzun, left the country and became a monk, and after their meritorious deeds were completed, they went to the Jade Emperor, sealed the Dangmo Tianzun, and ordered them to accept the generals; so they were reborn as the princes of Jingluo King, and got Dou Muyuan. Jun enlightened, entered Wudang Mountain and became enlightened.When Emperor Xuan ascended to the Heavenly Palace, he suddenly saw a demonic aura rising from the middle world. He knew that the generals of the heavens were about to disturb the human world, so he descended to the mortal world, descended from tortoises and monsters, obeyed Zhao Gongming, received the God of Thunder, obtained Yuebo and other generals, and led them to the sky. .The Jade Emperor immediately named the gods as generals of the Xuantian Ministry, with a total of thirty-six members.

However, there are two demons in the Yangtze River, pot and bamboo cable, and they cannot be found alone. Zhenwuyin refers to an incarnation, reenters the world, and guards them in the mirror of Wudang Mountain.At the end of the article, it is recorded that in the third year of Yongle, Xuantian assisted the country and defeated the enemy, and there is an article "more than two hundred years ago", which seems to be popular in this book, and it should have been in the Ming Dynasty; This is the book of the revision. The fourth is "Journey to the West", four volumes and forty-one chapters, "titled Qiyun Yang Zhihe edited, Tianshui Zhao Jingzhen school", narrating Sun Wukong's attainment of Taoism, Tang Taizong's entry into the underworld, Xuanzang asked for scriptures, died on the way, and finally arrived Those who return to the west through the east also.Taizong's dream, mediocrity has already said, Zhang Jue's "Ministry of the Court" [5] said, "Taizong was dying in the middle of the night, and saw a person saying, 'Your Majesty is coming together for a while, and you will go as soon as possible.' The emperor asked, "Your is Who is it?" Confronted, "The minister is a stranger who judges the dead." Taizong went to see the judge and asked about June 4th, and even if he ordered it back, he greeted and led it out to those who saw it." There are fragments of scrolls obtained from the Thousand Buddha Caves in Dunhuang (see Chapter 12 for details).When Xuanzang entered Zhu [6], it was not in response to the imperial edict. It was written in the "Book of Tang" (191 "Fang Ji Zhuan"), and there was another special biography called "Biography of Master Tripitaka of Daci'en Temple", in "Buddha Cang In ", [7] there were no strange things at the beginning, but later it was said that it involved spirits and monsters. "Da Tang Sanzang Qujing Shihua" has monkey walkers, deep sand gods and various exotic lands; Jin Renyuan version also has "Tang Sanzang" (Tao Zongyi's "Stop Farming Record"); Yuan Zaju has Wu Changling's "Tang Sanzang Learning from the West "[9] (Zhong Sicheng's "Recording Ghost Book"), one (now printed by Shioya Wen School in Japan), including Sun Wukong, Jiajie Hoop, Drifting Monk, Zhu Bajie, Honghaier, Princess Iron Fan, etc. have all been seen.From the end of Tang Dynasty to the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the stories that seem to have been borrowed from the scriptures have gradually evolved into mystical and coherent stories, so that novelists can also take them as biographies.

The first nine chapters of the book are the story of Sun Wukong's attainment of immortality and his descent. It is said that there is a stone monkey who found the source of water and was regarded as the king by everyone. He came back from the mountain and became enlightened by his teacher. With his great supernatural powers, he disturbed the world. The Jade Emperor had no choice but to make him Qitian The Great Sage, disturbed the Pantao Conference again, and the emperor ordered Guankou Erlang Zhenjun to ask for it, and then fought, and Wukong got it. He narrated the changes in the battle at that time:

... When the little monkey saw that the real king had arrived, he rushed to report to the monkey king.The Monkey King immediately pulled up the golden cudgel and stepped onto the cloud shoes.When the two met each other, they each said their names, and then they lined up and went back and forth for more than three hundred times.The two transformed themselves into ten thousand feet, fought into the clouds, and left the cave entrance. ... The great sage was in the middle of a battle, when he suddenly saw all the monkeys on the mountain scattered in shock, he withdrew and left;The Great Sage hurriedly changed his body and entered the water.The real king said, "This monkey will turn into a fish and shrimp when it enters the water. When I turn into an osprey and chase him away." Seeing the real king coming, the great sage turned into a bustard and flew on the tree. Cao Po, I searched everywhere, but I couldn't find it. I went back to the Heavenly King's camp to talk about the Monkey King's defeat, but I couldn't find him.The king of heaven took a look at the demon mirror and said anxiously, "the demon monkey is pouring into your mouth".The real king returned to Guankou; the monkey king suddenly changed into the real king's appearance, and was seated in the middle hall. Erlang used a sharp spear. The monkey king passed by and changed into his original form. Will be surrounded by mantras.Suddenly the real king and the bodhisattva watched from the clouds, seeing that the monkey king was getting exhausted, the old man threw down the vajra ring and hit the monkey king on the head.The monkey king fell to the ground, was bitten by the real king's dog on the chest and stomach, and dragged down again, but was stabbed by the real guns of the real king brothers and other gods, and bound the iron chain.

... (Chapter 7 "The True Monarch Captures the Monkey King") However, if it is chopped without injury, and if it is refined, it will not kill you. The Tathagata will be crushed under the Five Elements Mountain, and will be waiting for those who learn the scriptures. The next four chapters are that Wei Zheng slays the dragon, Taizong enters the underworld, Liu Quan enters melons, and Xuanzang responds to the edict and travels west: For the sake of seeking scriptures.The following fourteen chapters are the stories of disciples and victims in Xuanzang's Taoism, and the end of seeing the Buddha's return to the east through the Sutra.There are three disciples, Sun Xingzhe, Zhu Bajie, Drifting Monk, and a dragon horse; more than 30 disasters, the biggest ones are Wuzhuang Temple, Pingding Mountain, Huoyun Cave, Tongtian River, Dudi Mountain, Six-eared Macaque, Little Leiyin Temple, etc. and also.All the descriptions are simple and have many sounds, but there are also occasional wandering words to increase laughter, such as writing about the battle cloud of Huoyun Cave: ...The land in front of the mountain and behind the mountain came to kowtow to sign up, "This place is called Kusongjian, and there is a cave beside the stream, called Huoyun Cave, and there is a demon king in the cave, the son of the bull demon king, and he is called Honghaier. He has samadhi It's really hot, it's very beneficial." When the traveler heard about it, he reprimanded the earth god,...and went into the cave with Bajie to find it... The demon king distributed the little demon, rolled out the five-wheeled cart, placed it in five directions, then raised his gun and charged out, fought with the traveler, and the eight precepts helped the battle, the demon king walked around, punched his nose, and fire burst out of his nose. The five-wheeled cart burst into flames.Bajie said, "Brother, hurry up! Burn the old pig whole, add spices, and make the best use of it." Although the traveler could avoid the fire, he was only afraid of the smoke, so the two had no choice but to flee. ... (Chapter 32 "Tang Sanzang Gathering Demons Crossing the Black River") Then ask Avalokitesvara to come, turn the knife into a lotus platform, lure and hold it, and if you surrender and rebel, you will wear a metal hoop and sprinkle nectar, then put your hands together, and return to Jiashan Yun.As soon as "Ghost Mother Refuge" came out in the drama, there was a story about saving the young son with a bowl bowl. Among them, there is a saying, "Tell the World Honored One, I am willing to show mercy. I came back after traveling westward with Tang Sanzang, and the fire boy monster released him. Go to the front, You must be saved by Ersheng Lang." (Volume 3) But here it is changed to the Prince of the Bull Devil; and mixed with the talented boy who participated in the good knowledge. ※ ※ ※ [1] Li Ziyi made Li Zi province.The deeds of him, Jiyao and Yu Yong can be found in "History of Ming Dynasty · Biography of Ning Xing". 〔2〕Yu Xiangdou, styled Yangzhi, claimed to be from Mount Santai, from Jian'an (now Jian'an, Fujian). He edited "Journey to the South", "Journey to the North", etc., and published "Biography of Lieguo", "Quan Han Zhi Zhuan", "Three Kingdoms Commentary on Forest", "Water Margin Chronicles and Commentary on Forest", etc. [3] For Shen Defu, see Note [20] on page 41 of this volume. 〔4〕Regarding the worship of Emperor Zhenwu in the Yuan and Ming dynasties, according to "Yuan History Chengzong Ji": In December of the seventh year (1303) of the seventh year of Emperor Chengzong Tiemu'er in Yuan Chengzong, Zhenwu was granted the title of "Yuan Sheng Ren Wei Xuan Tian" God".According to the "History of Ming Dynasty: Li Zhi": Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang built a temple in Nanjing to worship Zhenwu; Ming Chengzu Zhu Di Yongle 13 years (1415) built a "Zhenwu Temple" in the capital, and offered sacrifices on March 3 and September 9 every year. 〔5〕Refer to the Note 〔11〕 on page 78 of this volume for "Chao Ye Qian Zai".For the quotations here, see Juan VI of the sixth volume of Jinchuan.The event on June 4th refers to Li Shimin's killing of Jiancheng and Yuanji, see "Old Tang Book·Taizong Ji". 〔6〕Xuanzang's entry into India According to the "Old Tang Book·Fang Ji Zhuan": "The monk Xuanzang, surnamed Chen, was born in Yanshi, Luozhou. He became a monk at the end of his great career and studied scriptures. It is often said that the translators are wrong. It is absurd, so I went to the Western Regions and sought out the different books to test them. At the beginning of Zhenguan, I traveled to the Western Regions with merchants." 〔7〕Ten volumes of "Biography of Master Sanzang of Da Ci'en Temple", originally written by Hui Li, a monk of the Tang Dynasty, and supplemented by Yan Tai.The deeds of Xuanzang are recorded, and this book is included in Volume 50 of "Buddha Collection". "Buddha Canon", a collection of Buddhist classics, divided into scriptures, Vinaya, and treatises, including Indian and Chinese Buddhist works.It began to be compiled in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and new translations and writings continued to be compiled in subsequent dynasties. 〔8〕 "Tang Sanzang" and "Stop Genglu" Volume 25 "Jinyuan Benming Catalog" description, lost today. [9] Wu Changling was born in Yuan Datong (now Shanxi).The "Tang Sanzang Xitian Qujing" written by Tang Sanzang has only two folds.The printed version of the Yangu Wen School below is actually a Zaju written by Yang Na. Please refer to the note [17] on page 88 of this volume.