Chapter 19 The Seventeenth Novel of Gods and Demons of Ming Dynasty (Part 2)

The Seventeenth Novel of Gods and Demons of Ming Dynasty (Part 2) There are another 100 chapters, built after the 41 chapters of "Journey to the West", [1] which is very popular today, and it is believed to be written by Qiu Chuji, a Taoist priest in the early Yuan Dynasty.Li Zhichang wrote down the story as "Journey to the West of the Changchun Real Man", and there are two volumes, which are still in the "Tao Cang". [3] But because of the same name, the world thought it was one book; those who engraved novels in the early Qing Dynasty also Take the preface of "Changchun Real Man's Journey to the West" written by Yu Ji [4] as the first, and the unrooted talk is even more inextricable.

However, at the end of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, Qian Daxin's postscript "Changchun Real Man's Journey to the West" (6) ("Qianyantang Anthology" 29) already said that the novel "Journey to the West" was written by Ming people; "Wen" 3) more because "among them, the Jinyiwei of the Sacrifice Kingdom, the Rites Supervisor of the Zhuzi Kingdom, the Dongcheng Bingmasi who destroyed France, and the Tang Taizong University Scholars Hanlin Academy's Zhongshu Department are all in the same Ming system", and they are determined to be relied on by the Ming people. , but I don't know who the author is.The country-state literature is especially appreciated by people, so people from Houshanyang, such as Ding Yan ("Shiting Chronicle Continuation") Ruan Kuisheng ("Talk of a Chayu") [7], have all explored the old records and learned about them. The author is Wu Chengen.The same is true for Wu Yuchun ("Shanyang Zhiyi") [8], but it is still suspected that he acted in Qiu Chuji's book, and Luo Guanzhong's interpretation of Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms" should be because he has not seen the second volume, so he said so; It is also said that "it may be said that it was written by Mr. Sheyang", which is just a common saying.

Wu Chengen, styled as Ruzhong, nicknamed Sheyangshanren, sensitive in nature and multi-wisdom, has a wide range of books, is good at comedies, and wrote several miscellaneous records. He was famous for a while. Shanyang, died at the beginning of Wanli (about 1510-1580).One of the miscellaneous notes is (see "Tianqi Huai'an Mansion Chronicle" 16 and 19 "Guangxu Huai'an Mansion Chronicle" tribute table), the rest is not detailed.He is also capable of poetry, and his "words are small but obvious, and his purpose is broad and deep" (Chen Wenzhu's preface), he is the crown of poets in Huai County in the Ming Dynasty. The fourth volume of Yang Cun Manuscript and the first volume of "Continued Manuscript", [9] Wu Yuzheng included all of them in "Shan Yang Qi Old Collection" [10] ("Shan Yang Zhi Yi" IV).However, those who edited "Shanyang County Chronicles" [11] during the Tongzhi period removed their "miscellaneous records of good humorous dramas" in "Characters", and did not list them in "Yiwenzhi", so Wu's sexual behavior was distorted. And there are fewer and fewer people who know that it comes from the Wu family.

The order of the whole book is almost equal to that of Yang Zhihe's 41 chapters.The first seven chapters are the story of Sun Wukong’s attainment of Taoism and his surrender, nine chapters before becoming Yang Ben; the eighth chapter records the story of Sakyamuni’s creation of scriptures, which is inconsistent with the Buddhist scriptures saying that Ananda gathered; the ninth chapter records the death of Xuanzang’s parents and Xuanzang’s revenge The matter is not true, Yang Ben has nothing, and Wu added it.The tenth to twelfth chapters are Wei Zheng's slaying of the dragon to Xuanzang's westward journey in response to the imperial edict, which should be recorded in the tenth to thirteenth chapters of Yang Ben's book; , the extreme of things is nine, ninety-nine and eighty-one, so there are eighty-one difficulties;

However, although Yang Zhihe's book has generally been established, his writing is scarce and can only be completed as a book; Wu is a generalist, sensitive, intelligent and elegant, and he draws a wide range of materials. "Biography", in the story of Journey to the West, "Journey to the West Zaju" and "Sanzang Qujing Poems" (?), while reversing the case, use legends of the Tang Dynasty (such as "Anthology Collection", "Youyang Miscellaneous Zu", etc.), and irony and teasing are from the time The state of the world, with extravagant description, almost changes the view, such as Guankou Erlang's battle with Sun Wukong, Yang's original only has more than 300 words, but this is ten times more, first remember that the two have their "dharma image", and then the great sage Huaque, Turning into a "big old man", a fish, a water snake, a true monarch into a sparrow hawk, a sea crane, an osprey, a gray crane, and a great sage into a bustard. body, hit it with a bullet.

...The great sage took advantage of the opportunity to roll down the cliff, crouched there and transformed into a temple of earth: his mouth was opened wide, like a temple gate; his teeth became door leaves; his tongue became a Bodhisattva; his eyes became window lattices; Only the tail is not easy to clean up. It stands up behind and becomes a flagpole.Zhenjun rushed to the bottom of the cliff, but there was no bustard that had been knocked down, only a small temple, he opened his phoenix eyes anxiously, looked at it carefully, saw the flagpole standing behind him, and said with a smile, "It's this hozen. He's coaxing me again today." I've seen temples before, let alone a flagpole behind them. It must be this beast making noise. If he coaxes me in, he bites. How can I go in? When I punch the window first, then Kick the door leaf." Hearing this, the Great Sage... made a tiger leap and disappeared in the air again.Zhenjun hurried back and forth,... standing in mid-air, he saw that Li Tianwang Gao held the demon mirror and lived with Nezha standing on the cloud.The true king said, "Heavenly king, have you ever seen the monkey king?" The heavenly king said, "I haven't come up, I'm here to follow him."

Zhenjun finished talking about the betting changes, his supernatural powers, and the group of monkeys, but said, "He changed the temple, and he was hitting the place, so he left." Hearing this, Li Tianwang took a look in all directions with the mirror, and said with a smile , "Zhenjun, go quickly, the monkey used an invisibility method, walked out of the camp, and headed for your Guanjiangkou."...but said that the great sage had arrived at Guanjiangkou, and changed into the appearance of Grandpa Erlang , Press the cloud head and enter the temple.The ghost judges couldn't recognize each other, so they kowtowed to greet each other.He sat in the middle and checked the incense: he saw the three animals that Li Hu paid homage to, Zhang Long's promise of blessings, Zhao Jia's letter of begging for a son, and Qian Bing's good wish to complain about his illness.Just as I was watching, someone reported, "Another grandpa is coming."All the ghost judges watched anxiously, all startled.

But Zhenjun said, "Is there some great sage equal to heaven who came here?" All the ghosts judged, "I have never seen any great sage, only a grandpa checking inside." Zhenjun crashed into the door; Now, showing his true face, he said, "Your Majesty, don't shout, the temple is already surnamed Sun!"The Monkey King made a move to get past Shen Feng, and pulled out the embroidery needle, which was as thick as a bowl, rushed to the front, and returned it face to face.The two yelled and made a noise, and beat out of the temple gate, half fog and half cloud, walking and fighting, and then fought back to Huaguo Mountain.The panic made the four great heavenly kings and others be more on guard; the Taiwei Kang Zhang and others faced the real king and worked hard together to surround the beautiful monkey king... )

However, the fantasy of the author's conception is mostly in the eighty-one difficulties, such as the battle of Jinyu Mountain (chapters 50 to 52), the battle of two hearts (chapters 57 and 58), and the battle of Flame Mountain (chapters 59 to 52). Chapter 61), the changes and behaviors are all very strange. The first two things have been written by Yang Shu, and the latter thing is taken from Zaju and "Hua Guang Zhuan" Princess Iron Fan to match the only name in "Journey to the West". The bull demon king is also the one who increases his splendor and splendor. It is said that the Bull Demon King was subdued by the gods, so he ordered the Rakshasa girl to present a banana fan to extinguish the flames and mountain fires, so that Xuanzang and other western trends said:

... The old cow was terrified, ... looked up and left.It happened that there was King Tota Li and Prince Nezha leading the giant spirit of fish maw and medicine fork to cover the sky. ... The Bull King was in a hurry, and changed himself into a big white bull. He touched the Heavenly King with two iron horns, and the Heavenly King slashed with a knife.Then Sun Xingzhe came again,... Said, "This guy has a lot of supernatural powers, and he has turned into such a body, but what can he do?" The prince laughed, "Don't doubt the great sage, just watch me capture him." The prince immediately shouted "Change!" , Flying and jumping on the back of the bull king, swiping the demon-slaying sword on his neck, it doesn't feel like he's beheading a bull's head.The king of heaven threw his sword, but only then did he meet the traveler.Another head popped out of the bull's mouth, with black breath and golden eyes.Nezha slashed again with a sword, and another head came out where the head fell; after dozens of sword cuts in a row, dozens of heads grew out immediately.Nezha took out the fire wheel, hung it on the horn of the old ox, and blew on the real fire. The flames were so hot that the ox king roared wildly, shaking his head and tail.Just wanted to change and get away, but was captured by the demon mirror of Tuota Heavenly King, he couldn't move, and had no way of escaping. He just said, "Don't hurt my life, I would rather submit to the Buddhist family!" Nezha said, "I cherish my life, hurry up Get the fan out!"

Niu Wang said, "The fan is kept at my mountain wife." Seeing this, Nezha said, he untied the rope that bound the monster, ... put it through his nostrils, held it with his hand, ... and returned to the entrance of the plantain cave.The old cow shouted, "Ma'am, get out the fan and save my life!" Hearing this call, Raksha hurriedly took off the hairpin, took off his colored clothes, wore blue silk like a Taoist nun, and dressed in plain like a monk, and held the two-foot-long long hairpin in both hands. Banana fan, walked out of the door; saw the vajra saints and the heavenly king father and son hurriedly knelt down on the ground, kowtowed and said, "I hope the Bodhisattva will spare the life of my husband and wife, and I hope that this fan will be flattered to Uncle Sun." ... ... Sun Dasheng held on to his fan, walked close to the mountain, and swung one fan with all his strength, the flames of the flaming mountain calmed down, and the silence disappeared; he fanned another fan, and he could only smell the rustling breeze, and the breeze moved slightly; the third fan, the sky was full of clouds Momo, the drizzle is falling.There are poems to prove it: The Huoyan Mountain is eight hundred miles away, and the Huoguang Land has a reputation.It is difficult to cook the five leakage pills with fire, and it is unclear how to burn the three passes.Specially borrow plantains to give rain and dew, and luckily Mengtian will help the gods.Leading the unicorn returns to the Buddha, subdued and subdued, and the connection between water and fire is self-leveling. (Chapter 61, "Sun Xingzhe Three-Tune Plantain Fan") Also, the author's nature is to "return to humorous drama", so even though he describes the changing and fuzzy things, he always mixes up the words to explain it, so that the gods and demons are all humane, and the spirit and charm are also well-versed in the world, and the meaning of cynicism is implied (see Hu Shi's " Journey to the West Textual Research").For example, it is recorded that Sun Wukong was defeated by the monster in the golden cave and lost the golden cudgel. Because he paid homage to the Jade Emperor, he begged to send troops to suppress it. A section says: ...At that time, the four heavenly masters played Lingxiao to introduce Yubi, and the traveler sang a big song, saying, "Old official, I am tired of you. My grandson protects Tang Monk to go to the west to learn scriptures. Needless to say. Today, in Jinyu Mountain and Jinzhu Cave, there is a monster who holds Tang Monk in the cave. I don’t know if he wants to steam, boil or dry it. It is the old sun who came to his door and fought with him. That strange supernatural power Da Guang, you snatched my golden cudgel, so it is difficult to bind the demon. The monster said that he recognized the old grandson, and I suspected that it was the evil star in the sky, thinking of the world, so I came here to play, begging the gods to show mercy and enlightenment, and sent an order to investigate The evil star sent troops to suppress demons, and my grandson trembled so much." But he bowed deeply, "I heard." Next to him, Ge Xianweng said with a smile, "Why is the monkey so arrogant and respectful?" The traveler said, "Don't dare to dare. It's not that I was arrogant and respectful before, and my grandson is useless now."... (The fifty-first chapter "Xin Yuankong uses all kinds of tricks") Those who commented on this book include Chen Shibin, a son of Shanyin Wu of the Qing Dynasty, "Journey to the West" [12] (preface to Kangxi Bingzi You Dong), Xihe Zhang Shushen, "Journey to the West" [13] (preface to Wuchen of Qianlong) and Wuyuan Taoist Liu Yiming's "The Original Purpose of Journey to the West" (14) (Preface to the 15th year of Jiaqing), some talk about persuading learning, some talk about Zen, or talk about preaching, all explain the principles and methods, and the words are very complicated.However, although the author is a Confucian scholar, this book is really out of play, and it is not a language. Therefore, there are only occasional talks about the five elements in the book, and he has not studied Buddhism. , has been popular for a long time, so his works are also in the same stream as Sakyamuni and Laojun, and the true nature and primordial spirit are mixed, so that followers of the three religions can all follow suit.If you want to pursue the general purpose, then Xie Zhaozhe ("Wuza Group" 15)'s "many and imaginary birth, and its vertical and horizontal changes, the ape is the god of the heart, and the pig is the gallop of the mind. The indulgence of the beginning, the ups and downs. There is nothing in the world and the earth that can be restrained, but a curse can make the heart ape tame and subdue him until he dies. Gai also seeks a metaphor for peace of mind, and it is not a wave." A few words are enough.According to the author, Yidi said, "The monks discussed the purpose of Buddhism, the reason for going to the west to learn scriptures,... Sanzang kept his mouth shut, but nodded several times with his fingers in his heart. The monks couldn't understand what he meant... Sanzang said, "All kinds of demons are born in the heart, and all kinds of demons are destroyed in the heart. My disciple once confronted him in the Huasheng Temple. The Buddha made a vow, so I can't help but do my best. This time, I will go to the west to see the Buddha and ask for the scriptures, so that our Dharma wheel can turn around and the emperor's image will last forever'" (thirteen chapters). [15] Six volumes and forty chapters, no one is mentioned.It is said that the resurrected stone monkey in Huaguo Mountain still has supernatural powers, and it is called the Little Sage, who was given the title by the monk Dayian and returned to the west to seek the truth.On the way, he took a precept from pigs and became a novice monk. He also encountered various demons and was repeatedly in danger. Gu finally reached Lingshan and returned after being liberated.Its so-called Confucianism and Buddhism are the same as "Journey to the West", but the style of writing is not as good as it is, and Wu Chengen's poems and prose are pure and beautiful, so it should not be done.There is also [16], which has not been seen, and the attached miscellaneous notes say, "The imitation of "Continued Journey to the West" is lifelike, and it is lost in stagnation. It adds a bhikkhu spirit, especially snake feet." ※ ※ ※ 〔1〕 Regarding the issue of the order of the one hundred chapters and the forty one chapters, the one hundred chapters should come first.Lu Xun said in the preface to the Japanese translation of "A Brief History of Chinese Fiction" in 1935: "Professor Zheng Zhenduo also proved that it is Wu Chengen's excerpts, not the original ones, which can be corrected to the sixteenth chapter of my book. The accurate papers are included in "Yuyi Ji"" (see " And Jieting Essays Two Collections").Zheng Wen titled "The Evolution of Journey to the West". 〔2〕Qiu Chuji (1148-1227) was born in Qixia (now Shandong) of Yuan Dynasty.Genghis Khan once summoned him in Central Asia, made him a national teacher, and led Taoism.After his death, he presented Changchun Yandao Bishop as a real person.Author of "Health News Theory", "Dadan Zhizhi" and so on. [3] Li Zhichang (1193-1256) was named Haoran, and his Taoist name was Master Tongxuan.A disciple of Qiu Chuji, who once visited Genghis Khan with Qiu, and wrote "Journey to the West of Changchun Real Man", two volumes, based on his experience on the way back.This book is included in Part B of Daozang. "Taoism", a collection of Taoist classics.The collection of Daoist scriptures began in the Six Dynasties, and continued to be added in subsequent dynasties.The Dao Cang currently in use are Orthodox Dao Cang (5305 volumes) and Wanli Xu Dao Cang (180 volumes). [4] Yuji (1272-1348) styled Bosheng, nicknamed Daoyuan, was born in Yuanrenshou (now Sichuan).Author of "Daoyuan Xuegulu".In the early Qing Dynasty, Wang Xiangxu commented on "The Book of Journey to the West", and began to put "The Preface to the Journey to the West of Changchun Real Man" written by Yu Ji at the beginning of the volume. [5] Qian Daxin (1728-1804), named Xinmei, named Zhuting, was born in Jiading (now Shanghai) in the Qing Dynasty, and his official position was at least Zhan Shi.He has written "Twenty-two History Research", "Qianyantang Collection" and so on. Volume 29 of "Qianyantang Anthology" "Postscript "Changchun Real Man's Journey to the West" says: "Village folk novels include "Tang Sanzang Journey to the West", which was written by Ming people." [6] For Ji Yun, refer to Chapter 22 of this book. [7] Ding Yan (1794-1875), styled Jianqing, was born in Qingshanyang (now Huai'an, Jiangsu), and was a secretary in the official cabinet.There are 22 kinds of "Xizhizhai Series".The "Shiting Chronicle Continuation", one volume, compiles the prefaces and postscripts of some works related to Huai'an.The article "Book <Journey to the West>" says: "As well as the bibliography of the old annals of Kangxi in Kaowu County, there is one under Wu Chengen." Ruan Kuisheng (1727-1789), courtesy name Baocheng, nicknamed Kuangshan, was born in Qingshanyang, and was the Minister of the Ministry of Criminal Justice.The "Tea Yu Ke Hua", written in 30 volumes, records the rules and regulations of the early Qing Dynasty and the words and deeds of the people at that time.Volume 21 of the book says: "According to the old records, it is said that Sheyang is sensitive and intelligent, and it is written for poetry and essays. It is good at humor, and there are several kinds of miscellaneous records. It is a pity that the title of the book is not noted, but "Huaixian Wenmu" contains Sheyang Wrote "Popular Romance of Journey to the West." 〔8〕Wu Yuying (1698-1778) was born in Qingshanyang (now Huai'an, Jiangsu Province), and was a teacher in Fengyang Mansion.He once participated in the compilation of "Shanyang County Chronicles" and "Huai'an Prefecture Chronicles". The four volumes of "Shanyang Zhiyi" written by him describe all the things in Shanyang that were not recorded in the county annals and government annals.The volume four says: "In Jiajing, Wu Gongsheng was born with the word Ruzhong, named Sheyangshanren, and I was a talented scholar in Huaihe River. ... The old textual research is called the book of Zhengdao, which is said to be in line with the main purpose of Jindan; Yuanyu Daoyuan is orderly, called this book It was written by the real person Qiu Changchun in the early days of his country. The county annals said that it was written by the master, and the apocalypse was not far away from the master, so his words must have the roots. It means that there is this record at the beginning of Changchun, and Mr. Zhi is a popular romance for it, such as "Three Kingdoms" "The book is Chen Shou, while the Romance is called Luo Guanzhong. There are many dialects in my hometown in the book, and there is no doubt that the Shanhuai manpower is there. Maybe it is written by Mr. Sheyang." [9] Qiu Zhenggang is Qiu Du, named Ru Hong, from Qingshanyang (now Huai'an, Jiangsu).Wu Chengen's cousin, the official to Guanglu Temple Qing.He edited "Mr. Sheyang's Existing Manuscript", four volumes, with a preface by Chen Wenzhu at the beginning of the volume. "Continuation" is not available. 〔10〕 "Shanyang Zhejiu Ji" not seen.The fourth volume of "Shanyang Zhiyi" written by Wu Yuchun said: "Yu Chu got a manuscript, the paper and ink were worn out, and later collected four volumes of engraved editions, and a sequel, which is also complete. All of his poems have been included in "Shanyang Qi Old Collection". " 〔11〕The twenty-one volumes of "Shanyang County Chronicles", edited by Depository and He Shaoji during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. Volume 12 of the book "Character Chronicles" two records: "Wu Chengen's style name is Ruzhong, his name is Sheyangshanren, Gongshu, a middle-aged Gongsheng in Jiajing, and an official in Xingxian County. Yingminbo is recommended by the world. There are many inscriptions on gold and stone at that time. His hand. The family was poor and had no children, and many of the manuscripts were lost. Qiu Zhenggang, a townsman, sorted out the incomplete manuscripts and divided them into four volumes, which were published in the world. Volume, cover to save a tithe." Volume 18 "Yiwenzhi" said: "Wu Chengen's "Sheyang Cunyuan" has four volumes, and "Continued Draft" has one volume." [12] Chen Shibin, courtesy name Yunsheng, nicknamed Wuyizi, was born in Qingshanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). "The True Interpretation of Journey to the West", one hundred chapters, each chapter is followed by Chen Shibin's comments. [13] Zhang Shushen, styled Nanxun, was born in Qingxihe (now Shanxi).According to Zhang Shushen's comment, the original title is "Xin Shuo Journey to the West".Another kind of "Tongyi Journey to the West Zhengzhi" was written by Qing Zhang Hanzhang. 〔14〕Liu Yiming, named Wu Yuanzi, Supu Sanren, was born in Yuzhong (now Lanzhou, Gansu) in the Qing Dynasty. Taoist priest. "The Original Purpose of Journey to the West", one hundred chapters, each chapter has comments by Liu Yiming. [15] Forty chapters, entitled "Comments on Smallpox Talents", the author is unknown. Liu Tingji's "Zaiyuan Magazine" discussed this book during the Kangxi period, and it should have been written by people in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. 〔16〕One hundred chapters, titled "The Criticism of Embroidered Statues Continues the True Interpretation of Journey to the West".During the reign of Chongzhen, Dong Shuo's attached miscellaneous notes have already discussed this book, so it should be written by Ming people.