Chapter 16 The fourteenth chapter: The History of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties (Part 1)

The fourteenth chapter: The History of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties (Part 1) The speakers of the Song Dynasty were many masters in novels and history (see "Menglianglu" and "Old Stories of Wulin"), but they have not heard of any writings;The Japanese cabinet library collection Zhizhi (1321-1323) Xin'an Yu's publication full picture (still the so-called embroidered image full picture) five kinds of Pinghua [1], called "Wu Wang's book of defeating Zhou", called "Wu Wang's book of defeating Zhou" Le Yitu Qiqi Qiguo Chunqiu Houji", called "Qin Merging the Six Kingdoms", called "The Sequel to the Book of the Former Han Dynasty written by Empress Lu and Han Xin", called "Three Kingdoms", each collection has three volumes ("Swen" Part VIII, Sixth Edition) No., On Shioya's "The Novel about Ming Dynasty "Sanyan"), but today only "Three Kingdoms" has a printed copy (a photocopy of Dr. Shioya and a reprint of the Commercial Press), and he has not seen four of them.Its "Quanxiang Sanguozhi Pinghua" is divided into upper and lower columns. The upper column is a picture, and the lower column narrates events.The opening chapter also narrates that Han Gaozu killed the hero, the Jade Emperor was broken from prison, and Han Xin was reincarnated as Cao Cao, Peng Yue as Liu Bei, Yingbu as Sun Quan, and Gaozu as Emperor Xian.However, the style of writing is far from perfect, the words do not express the meaning, and it is just a rough outline, as in the "Chibi Fighting Army" cloud:

But when Marquis Wu crossed the river to Xiakou, Cao Cao shouted, "I'm dead!" All the soldiers said, "It's all Jiang Gan."Cao Cao went up to the boat, seized the road quickly, walked out of the river mouth, and saw that the boats on all sides were all on fire.Seeing dozens of boats, Huang Gai said on it, "kill the Cao thief and make the world as peaceful as Mount Tai!" Cao Xiang and hundreds of officials were unable to fight in water, so they all shot arrows at each other.But Cao Cao was caught off guard, fire was on all sides, and he shot at each other.When Cao Cao wanted to leave, Zhou Yu was in the north, Lu Su was in the south, Ganning was in the west, Zhang Zhao and Wu Bao were in the east, and they threatened to kill on all sides.The historian said: "If Cao Gong's family had not been divided into five emperors, Meng De could not escape." Cao Cao was ordered to go northwest to the river bank, and everyone picked Cao Gong to mount his horse.But he said that the fire broke out at dusk, and he would leave when he was fasting the next day. Cao Cao looked back and saw that the Xiakou boat was full of smoke and flames, and his army did not have 10,000 troops.Cao Xiang looked northwest and walked for five miles. There were five thousand troops on the river bank. He recognized Zhao Yun from Changshan and stopped him. All the officials attacked together. ...

At the end of the day, arrive at Dalin. ... Mr. Cao went looking for Huarong Road. After traveling for twenty miles, he saw five hundred school swordsmen, and the general Guan stopped him.Cao Xiang told Yun Chang with kind words, "You are kind to the Marquis of Caoting." Guan Gong said: "The military division has strict orders." Cao Gong bumped into the formation but passed.While speaking, there was a cloud of dust on his face, which made Cao Gong get off.Guan Gong rushed back for several miles. He traveled eastward for fifteen miles and saw Xuande, the military adviser.It's not Guan Gong's fault that Cao thief left.Words make people look down on Xuande (this sentence in the case is incomprehensible).Everyone asked why.Marquis Wu said, "Guan Jiang is a man of benevolence and virtue. He was favored by Cao Xiang in the past, so he got away from it." Hearing this, Guan Gong got on his horse angrily and told the lord to pursue him again.Xuande said, "My brother's nature is to steal rocks, and I would rather be tireless." The military master said, "Zhuge Chi (also?) Go, you will be safe."  …

(pages 18 to 19 in the volume) Viewing its simplicity, it is quite doubtful that it is a storybook used by the speaker. From this deduction, it can make the listener happy if it adds a lot of waves. However, there must be pictures on the pages, so it is still a book for people to read.The other four fears are also similar. Those who talked about "Three Kingdoms" were already very popular in Song Dynasty, because there were many heroes at that time, brave and wise, magnificent and moving, but the situation was not as simple as Chu and Han, nor as complicated as the Spring and Autumn countries, so it is especially suitable for talking about.Dongpo ("Zhilin" 6) said, "Wang Peng Changyun, the children in the alleys are inferior, and his family is tired of suffering, and they are always with money. Let them sit together and hear old stories, and even talk about the affairs of the Three Kingdoms. Hearing Liu Xuande's defeat, he frequently Those who frown and have tears, when they hear Cao Cao's defeat, are happy to sing.

Therefore, knowing the virtue of a gentleman and a villain will not be cut for a hundred lives. "In Washe, "speaking three points" is one of the specialties of speaking, which is juxtaposed with "speaking "History of the Five Dynasties"" ("Tokyo Menghualu" V). Jin and Yuan dramas are also commonly used in the current affairs of the Three Kingdoms, such as "The Battle of the Red Cliff", "Zhuge Liang's Autumn Wind at Wuzhangyuan", "Fighting Wisdom across the River", "Lianhuan Ji", "Recapturing the Zen Terrace" [2], etc. It is known to be happy for the world.In the novel, it is famous because of Luo Guanzhong's book.

Guanzhong, Mingben, Qian Tang Ren (Ming Langying's "Seven Revised Class Drafts" 23rd Tian Rucheng "West Lake Tour Zhiyu" 25th Hu Yinglin "Shaoshi Shanfang Bi Collection" 41), or Yun Mingguan, Ziguanzhong (one hundred and seventy-seven in "Continued Literature Tongkao" by King Qi of Ming Dynasty), or Yunyue people, born Hongwuchu (Zhou Lianggong's "Book Shadow"), Gaiyuan and Mingjian people (about 1330-1 400).There are dozens of novels written in the Ming Dynasty ("Zhi Yu"). In addition to "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" that survives today, there are "Biography of the Sui and Tang Dynasties", "Romance of the History of the Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties", "San Sui Ping Yao Zhuan" ", etc.; can also write lyrics and music, there is a drama "Dragon and Tiger Wind and Cloud Meeting" (3) (see "Yuanren Zaju Selection").However, all the novels handed down today have been repeatedly added and damaged by later generations, and the true face will never be seen again.

Luo Guanzhong's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" [4], the oldest one that can be seen today is Ming Hongzhi Jiayin (1494). The book has 24 volumes and is divided into 240 chapters. The title is "Jin Pingyang Hou Chen Biography of Shou Shi, edited by later learners Luo Benguanzhong".It started in the first year of Emperor Zhongping of the Han Dynasty, "sacrificing the heaven and earth to be righteous in Taoyuan", and finally in the first year of Emperor Wu of Jin Taikang, "Wang Jun planned to take the stone city". All the facts of the ninety-seven years (184-280) are They are all compared to Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms" and Pei Songzhi's [5] annotations, and they are still based on plain language, and they are deduced; Descendants" poem.However, according to the old history, it is difficult to express, and the complex words are easy to confuse, so Ming Xie Zhaoyu J〔7〕 ("Wuza Group" fifteen) thinks that "too real is close to corruption", Qing Zhang Xuecheng〔8〕 ("Bingchen "Notes") is also sick with "seven realities and three virtual ones who are confused and confused".As for writing about people, there are quite a few mistakes, so that I want to show Liu Bei's strength and thickness and seem false, and Zhuge's wisdom and closeness to monsters;For example, Xu Yu's rich background and bravery say:

...a person from the next step shouted, "The young general is willing to go, cut off Huaxiong's head and offer it under the tent!" Everyone looked at him: he was nine feet five inches long, his beard was one foot eight inches long, with phoenix eyes and silkworm eyebrows. The face is like a heavy jujube, and the sound is like a giant bell, standing in front of the tent.Shao asked who it was.Gongsun Zan said, "This is Liu Xuande's younger brother, Guan." Shao Hui asked where he was.Zan said, "Follow Liu Xuande and act as a horse archer." Yuan Shu shouted in the tent, "You deceive us, the princes, and have no generals? Measure an archer, and dare to talk nonsense. Fight me with a stick!" Cao Cao said in a hurry, "Don't be angry on the road. Since this person speaks big words, he must learn a lot. If he is invincible, it will not be too late to punish him." Guan said, "If you are invincible, please behead my head." , Drank with Guan and got on the horse.Guan Mou said, "Pour the wine, and I will come as soon as I go." He went out of the tent, picked up the knife, and flew on the horse.All the princes heard the sound of drums outside the stronghold and loud shouts, like the sky breaking down and the earth collapsing, and the mountains collapsing like mountains.Everyone was shocked, but wanted to find out.At the sound of Luan's bell, the horse arrived at the army, Yun Chang took Hua Xiong's head and threw it on the ground; his wine was still warm. ...

(Chapter Ninth "Cao Cao's Attack on Dong Zhuo") Another example is Cao Cao's defeat at Chibi, Kong Ming knew that his life should not be exhausted, so he ordered Yu to suppress Huarong Dao so that he could be manipulated, and because of the military law, he ordered him to leave with a military order. His spirit is awe-inspiring, far removed from the flat words in the Yuan Publishing: ... On Huarong Road, three stops for people and horses, one stop to fall behind, one stop to fill in the pits, and one stop to follow Cao Cao through the steep road, the road is a little smoother.Looking back, there are only more than 300 riders behind, and there are no neat armored robes. ... and couldn't go for a few miles, so I laughed right away.All the generals asked the prime minister why he laughed.Cao said, "Everyone says that Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu are resourceful and resourceful, but I laugh at their incompetence. Now that we have lost, I have deceived the enemy. If we let a brigade of soldiers lie down here, we will all be tied up." Before he finished speaking, there was a sound of gunfire, and five hundred school swordsmen lined up on both sides. In the middle, Guan Yunchang raised the green dragon sword, straddled the red rabbit horse, and stopped the way.When Cao Jun saw him, his soul was frightened, and he looked at each other in blank dismay, unable to speak.Cao said among the crowd, "Since we have come here, we have to fight to the death." The generals said: "Even if a person is not timid, his horsepower is exhausted: if you fight, you will die." , Bullying the strong and not bullying the weak, when people are in trouble, they must be rescued, and benevolence and righteousness are spread throughout the world. The prime minister has kindness in the past, why don't you tell him in person, and you will get rid of this difficulty." Following his words, he immediately rode his horse Going forward, he leaned forward and said to Yun Chang, "General, are you safe?" Yun Chang also leaned forward and replied, "Guan has been ordered by the general of the army to wait for the prime minister for a long time." Cao Cao said, "Cao Cao's defeat is in danger, and there is no way out here. I hope that the general will take the words of the past as the most important thing." Yun Chang replied, "In the past, although a certain Guan received great kindness from the Prime Minister, he once repaid the danger of the white horse. How dare you be selfish when you are ordered today?" Cao Cao said, "Five Guans Can you still remember the time when the general was beheaded? The ancient man must put faith first in dealing with the world; the general understands "Spring and Autumn" deeply, but don't you know that Yugong Si chases after his son and washes his children?" Yun Chang heard this, bowed his head for a long time. language.At that time, Cao Cao cited this incident and said that it was still unfinished. Yun Chang was a man of righteousness as high as a mountain. Seeing that Cao Jun was in a panic, they all wanted to cry. The horse's head was reined in, and he said to the army, "Scatter around!" This is clearly the intention of letting Cao Cao go.Seeing Yun Chang reining in his horse, Cao Cao rushed over with all the generals. When Yun Chang turned around, the generals in front had already escorted Cao past.Yunchang shouted, and everyone dismounted from their horses, weeping and bowing to the ground, Yunchang couldn't bear to kill him, and was hesitating, Zhang Liao rode his horse up, seeing Yunchang, he also moved his old heart, he let out a long sigh, and let them all go.Later, the historian wrote a poem saying:

Thoroughly keep righteousness forever, think of repaying kindness all his life, majestic and prestige equal to the sun and moon, reputation shakes the heaven and earth, loyalty and bravery conquer the Three Kingdoms, and the conspiracy is trapped in Qitun. (Chapter 100 "Guan Yun Changyi Explains Cao Cao") After Hongzhi, there were a lot of engraved editions, that is, in terms of the Ming Dynasty, it is not yet possible to detail the various types (for details, see Zheng Zhenduo's "The Evolution of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms" in No. 10, Volume 20 of "Novel Monthly").During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Mao Zonggang’s word order in Maoyuan began to be revised by Jin Renrui and formed into a method, that is, the old version was modified and altered, and the ancient version was obtained from the cloud, and it was commented and inscribed. It is also called "Shengtanwaishu" (9), and All old things are no longer valid.All the amendments can be seen from the prefaces. If you give a big idea, you can change it once. For example, in the old version, Chapter 159 "Abolishing Emperor Cao Pi and Ushering in the Han Dynasty", the original statement Cao Hou helped his brother to denounce Xiandi, and Mao Ben said that he helped Han denounced Pi.For example, the 167th chapter "The First Lord Walks in Baidi City at Night" does not involve Mrs. Sun, but Mao Ben said, "My wife was defeated at Wuting Xiaoting, and it was rumored that the First Lord died in the army, so he drove the soldiers." Go to the riverside, look at Xiyao and cry, throw yourself into the river and die."The third is cutting, such as the 250th chapter "Kongming Fires Muzhazhai", when Kongming burned Sima Yi in the upper valley, he wanted to burn Wei Yan together, and the 234th chapter "Zhuge Zhan vs. Deng Ai" has a book by Ai Yi Persuading him to surrender, looking at him and being suspicious, his son still blamed him, it was a decisive battle, and Mao didn't have any.For the remaining subsections, one is to rectify the review, the other is to revise the diction, the third is to delete comments and praises, the fourth is to add and delete trivial matters, and the fifth is to change poems and prose.

"Sui Tang Zhi Zhuan" [10] has not been seen in the original, but in the 14th year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (1675), Changzhou Churen obtained [11] a revised version, renamed, and the preface says, ""Sui Tang Zhi Zhuan" was created from Luo Shi, compiled by Lin Shi, can be said to be good. However, it began with the ribbon-cutting of the Sui Palace, and there were many omissions in the beginning, and later it was added to one or two things in the Tang Dynasty, and there were sporadic and unaffiliated, and the viewers still have opinions. "The summary can be Know it. Counting one hundred chapters, the chapter begins with the Lord of Sui's attack on Chen, followed by Zhou Chan in Sui, Sui died in Tang, Empress Wu was honored, Emperor Ming was lucky to Shu, Concubine Yang was hanged in Mawei, after the restoration of the two capitals, Emperor Ming retreated to the west. , so that the Taoist seeks the soul of Concubine Yang and sees Zhang Guo, because he knows that Concubine Yang of the Ming Emperor is the descendant of Zhu Guier, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, and the whole book is completed with me.The deeds of heroes in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, such as Qin Qiong, Dou Jiande, Shan female, and Wang Bodang Hua Mulan, are interspersed in the first seventy chapters.The preface of the marriage story of Emperor Yang's concubine Yang's reincarnation was obtained from Yuan Yuling's "Yi Shi" [12].For other events, there are many official historical records, and they are based on Tang and Song miscellaneous stories. For example, Sui events are "Daye Shiyi Ji", "Haishan Ji", "Milou Ji" and "Kaihe Ji" [13], and Tang affairs are "Sui and Tang Dynasty" Jiahua, Miscellaneous Records of Emperor Ming Dynasty, Changshi Yanzhi, Kaitian Chuanxinji, Ciliu's Old News, Everlasting Regret Biography, Kaiyuan Tianbao Legacy, Meifei Biography, Taizhen Gaiden (14 ] and so on, the narratives have many origins, no less than "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".But his style of writing is as pure as the wind of the Ming season, flamboyant on the skin, lacking in composure, and Luo Shi's standards have almost disappeared, and he is fond of ridicule, but his spirit is desolate.Here is an example: ... One day Xuanzong was sitting idle in Zhaoqing Palace, and Lu Shan was sitting on the side. Seeing his belly hanging down to his knees, he pointed to the play and said, "This belly is as big as an urn. I don't know what is hidden in it?" Shan arched his hands and said, "There is nothing else in it, but the ears of the heart. I am willing to do my best to serve your Majesty." Xuanzong was very happy when he heard what Lushan said.That know: People hide their minds, and they are unfathomable.Self-proclaimed red heart, heart black as ink! Xuanzong treated An Lushan like his heart; An Lushan treated Xuanzong purely with a heart of treachery and wolf-heartedness, but he was really heartbroken.A person with a heart, Fang gnashes his teeth and feels pain, wishing to cut his heart open and eat his heart; unfortunately, he still deceives people into saying it is a heart.It's ridiculous that Xuanzong didn't realize his wolf ambition, but he wanted to believe that he was sincere, so he was infatuated.Gossip less.Let's say that Xuanzong and An Lushan sat together for a long while, looked around, and asked where the concubine was. At this time, it was late spring and the weather was warming up. The imperial concubine was taking a bath in the harem.The palace man reported back to Xuanzong, "The concubine will finish her bath." Xuanzong smiled and said, "A beauty's new bath is just like a lotus emerging from water." The palace servants don't need to wash and make up when the concubine Xuan comes.After a while, Concubine Yang arrived.Do you know what he looks like after taking a new bath?There is a song "Huang Yinger" that says it well: As bright as jade, as light and tender as crystal, the body becomes more fragrant, and the temples are languid and delicate.Luo skirts are tired of long, light shirts to keep cool, facing the wind and standing upright.Take a closer look: Hibiscus comes out of water, not as good as beauty makeup. (Chapter eighty-third) "The Romance of the History of the Remnant Tang and Five Dynasties" [15] has not been seen, and the Japanese "Cabinet Library Bibliography" contains sixty chapters in the second volume, written by Luo Ben, and criticized by Tang Xianzu. The original version of "San Sui Ping Yao Zhuan in the Northern Song Dynasty" is also not visible. The earlier version was four volumes and twenty chapters. "History of the Song Dynasty" (292 "Ming Hao Biography") said that the native of Zhuozhou was born in Zhuozhou. It was flat on the 16th.The novel is based on this matter. The opening chapter is Hu Haode's fairy painting in Bianzhou. His wife burned it, and the ashes wrapped around her body. Because of her pregnancy, she gave birth to a daughter named Yong'er. The holy aunt of the demon fox taught Taoism, so she was able to become a paper figurine. bean horse.Wang Zeze was in Beizhou's army platoon, and later married Yong'er. Zhang Luan, Buji, and Zuo Chu all came to see him.Wen Yanbo led his troops to discuss it. At that time, Monk Zhang Luan Buji Tanzi saw that he had no way to go, so they all went first, but Wen Yanbo's army could not overcome it.Fortunately, the Tanzi monk incarnated Zhuge Suizhi to help Wen and subdue evil methods; Ma Sui's false surrender cut his lips, making him unable to hold the curse; Li Sui led the digger army to make tunnels into the city;The three performers are all named Sui, so it is called "San Sui Ping Yao Zhuan". "Ping Yao Zhuan" has eighteen volumes and forty chapters in the current version, and there is a preface of Chu, Huang, and Zhang Wujiu, and it is said that it was supplemented by Long Ziyou [17].The original was written in the first year of Taichang in the Ming Dynasty (1620), and fifteen chapters were added to the front.In the five chapters, he scattered among the chapters of the old editions, and added more explanations of strange folk Taoism.The deeds are made out of intention, and other miscellaneous theories are also adopted, and they are attached.For example, in the twenty-ninth chapter, Du Qisheng sells talismans, presents an illusion, cuts off a child’s head, covers it with a quilt, and repeats it. Occasionally, he makes big words, which is heard by the monk Tanzi, so he captures the child’s soul, and enters the noodle shop to cover it. Under the son, Du Qisheng cursed again and again, but the son couldn't afford it. Du Qisheng panicked, looked at the man who watched, and said, "All the judges, although the roads are different, raising a family is always the same, because the family fire is forcing each other. I don't speak well at the moment, I hope the judges forgive me." That's it. This taught me to pick up the head, come down to have a glass of wine, and everyone in the world knows each other." Du Qisheng said, "It's me, it's not, this time is connected." Just chanting the mantra in his mouth, revealing When I looked at the bed sheet, I couldn't pick it up.Du Qisheng said anxiously, "You taught me that my child can't catch up, and I begged you again and again, admitting my fault and asking you to forgive me, but you are so unreasonable." So I went to the cage at the back and took out a paper bag, opened it, picked out a gourd, went to the ground, dug up the soil, buried the gourd in the ground, muttered something, and sprayed it with water. , shouted "Disease!" But it suddenly became strange: I saw a vine growing out of the ground, gradually growing up, giving birth to branches and leaves, and then blooming, and seeing the flowers wither, forming a small gourd.When a group of people saw it, they all cheered and said, "Good!" Du Qisheng took off the gourd, holding the gourd in his left hand and the knife in his right, and said, "You are unreasonable, and you have taken my child's soul. If I can’t handle it, you can’t even think about living in this world!” To the gourd, cut off half of the gourd with a knife in the middle.But he said that the monk was upstairs, and he took the noodles but was about to eat them; he saw the monk's head rolling down from the cavity.The people who ate noodles on the first floor were all taken aback. They lost their faces and ran downstairs timidly, and stood up boldly to watch.The monk hurriedly put down the bowl and chopsticks, got up and went to the floor to touch, touched his head, grabbed both ears with both hands, put the other end on the cavity, put it in a straight line, and touched it with his hands.The monk said: "I just eat the noodles, and I forgot to return his son's soul."But here it is easy to expose the child, and there Du Qisheng's child jumped up early; the people watching shouted.Du Qisheng said, "I have always practiced this kind of magic, but today I bumped into my master."... According to the old saying, Yu Chiyu ("Stories of China and North Korea") said in Xiantong of Tang Dynasty, Xie Zhaozhe ("Wuza Group" VI) also thought that it happened during Jiajing and Longqing in Ming Dynasty, but the artist did not have a name, and the monk died. It is slightly changed from the book.It was a fact that Ma Sui was killed when he attacked a thief. Song Zhengxie wrote "Ma Sui Biography" [19]. ※ ※ ※ 〔1〕Xin'an Yushi's publication is full of five kinds of Pinghua. The original title of the Japanese collection is "Jian'an Yushi's new publication".Jian'an is now Jian'ou, Fujian, and the Yu family is the surname of the publisher.These five kinds of Pinghua are divided into three volumes, the upper, middle and lower, without writing. 〔2〕 "Chibi Fierce Soldier" Tao Zongyi's "Stop Genglu" Volume 25 "Jin Yuan Ben Title" description, lost today. "Zhuge Liang's Autumn Wind Wuzhangyuan", a name "Zhuge Liang's army stationed at Wuzhangyuan", was described in Cao's "Recording Ghost Book", written by Wang Zhongwen during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and there are still remaining anecdotes today. "Fighting Wisdom Across the River", the full name is "Division of Two Armies Fighting Wisdom Across the River", written by Anonymous in Yuan and Ming Dynasties.Income from Xinji of Yuanqu Anthology by Uncle Zang Jin of the Ming Dynasty. "Lianhuanji", the full name is "Jinyuntang Secretly Determined Lianhuanji", a work of "Jinyuntang Beauties Lianhuanji", written by Yuan Wuming.Ming Zang Jinshu "Yuan Qu Xuan" Ren Ji income. "Recovering the Zen Platform", the full name is "Sima Zhao Recovering the Zen Platform".There are two plays of the same name, one written by Yuan Li Shouqing and the other written by Yuan Li Qujin, both of which are described in Cao's "Recording Ghost Book", but there is no handed down version. [3] The full name of "Dragon and Tiger Wind and Cloud Meeting" is "Song Taizu Dragon and Tiger Wind and Cloud Meeting", which tells the story of Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin's night visit to Zhao Pu to unify China.Mingxiji sub-series "Zaju Xuan" income. [4] "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is also called "Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms". At the beginning of the volume, there is a preface to Hongzhi Jiayin (1494) Yong Yuzi (Jiang Daqi) and a small quotation from Jiajing Renwu Year (1522) Guan Zhongxiuzi (Zhang Shangde). The Commercial Press removed the quotation when making photocopies, which caused it to be mistaken for the edition published in the Hongzhi period.This book is the earliest edition seen today. 〔5〕Chen Shou (233-297), courtesy name Chengzuo, was born in Anhan (now Nanchong, Sichuan) in the Western Jin Dynasty.After Jin destroyed Wu, he collected the official and private works of the Three Kingdoms period and compiled the book "Three Kingdoms".For Pei Songzhi, see note [2] on page 51 of this volume. 〔6〕Xi Chiuchi (?—384) styled Yanwei, was born in Xiangyang (now Xiangfan, Hubei Province) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Sun Sheng, courtesy name Anguo, was born in Zhongdu, Taiyuan (now Pingyao, Shanxi) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.He wrote "Wei's Spring and Autumn", "Jinyang Autumn" and so on. 〔7〕Xie Zhaozhe, whose characters are in Hangzhou, was born in Changle (now Fujian) in the Ming Dynasty, and was an official in Guangxi during the Wanli period.The "Wuza Group" written by him has 16 volumes, with many records of scenery and anecdotes.Among them, it is said in time: "If things are too true, they will be close to corruption. They can please children in the lane, but not enough to be a gentleman." 〔8〕Zhang Xuecheng (1738-1801), styled Shizhai, was born in Kuaiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) in the Qing Dynasty, and was a Zengguan Guozijian classics.Author of "Wen Shi Tong Yi" and so on.He wrote "Bingchen Notes", one volume, in which Zeng said: "All books of romance, such as "Annals of the Kingdoms", "East and West Han", and "Northern and Southern Song Dynasty", mostly record facts; There is no harm in any of them. Only seven parts are facts and three parts are fictions, so that the viewers are often confused by it." [9] Mao Zonggang was born in Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) in the early Qing Dynasty, and his life is unknown.Jin Renrui, that is, Jin Shengtan (1608-1661), originally surnamed Zhang and named Cai, was born in Wu County (now Jiangsu) in the early Qing Dynasty. Jin Shengtan added a comment before the text of each chapter, calling it "Sheng Tan's foreign book", and Mao Zonggang also used the same method to add comments before each chapter, and each chapter included criticisms, and pretended to be "Sheng Tan's foreign book". 〔10〕 "Sui and Tang Zhi Zhuan" Luo Guanzhong's "Sui and Tang Zhi Zhuan" originally no longer exist. Yang Shen and Lin Han (hereinafter referred to as "Lin's") preface, Lin preface claimed that the book was edited by him.The content records the events from the end of Sui Dynasty to the Qianfu period of Emperor Xizong of Tang Dynasty.Lin Han, courtesy name Hengda, was born in Min County (now Minhou, Fujian Province) in the Ming Dynasty, and was an official to the Ministry of Officials in Nanjing. [11] Chu Ren was named Shi Nong, a native of Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) in the Qing Dynasty.He has written "Jianhu Collection", "Reading History Essays" and so on. 〔12〕Yuan Yuling (1592-1674), whose name was Yunyu and nicknamed Shean, was born in Wu County (now Jiangsu) in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.He wrote the legend "The Story of the West Tower" and the novel "Sui History Legacy".The collection of "Yi Shi", written by Lu Zhao in the Tang Dynasty, has been lost.Chu Ren was given a preface to read: "Mr. Yuan of Suan'an once showed Yu's collection of "Yi Shi", which contained the reincarnation marriages of Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty, Zhu Guier, Tang Minghuang, and Yang Yuhuan. It is very new and gratifying. One is always closed." 〔13〕For the book "Daye Supplements", as well as "Haishan Ji", "Milou Ji", and "Kaihe Ji", please refer to the eleventh chapter of this book. 〔14〕Three volumes of "Jiahua of the Sui and Tang Dynasties", written by Liu Wei of the Tang Dynasty. "Miscellaneous Records of Ming Emperor", volume two, written by Zheng Chuhui of Tang Dynasty. "Changshi Yanzhi", one volume, written by Tang Liuzheng. "Kaitian Chuanxin Ji", one volume, written by Tang Zhengqi. "Old News of the Ciliu Family", one volume, written by Tang Li Deyu. "Kaiyuan Tianbao Legacy", four volumes, written by Wang Renyu of the Five Dynasties. "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" and "Biography of Concubine Mei", please refer to the eighth and eleventh chapters of this book respectively. "Taizhen Gaiden", see Note [14] on page 108 of this volume. 〔15〕 "The Romance of the History of the Remnant Tang and Five Dynasties" is described in Japan's "Cabinet Library Bibliography": "Biography of the History of the Remnant Tang and Five Dynasties", sixty chapters, two volumes. Song Luo version. Ming Tang Xianzu criticism. Qing edition, four volumes." 〔16〕Wang Shenxiu was born in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), his life is unknown. 〔17〕 Zhang Wujiu was born in Chuhuang (now Huanggang, Hubei) in the late Ming Dynasty, others are unknown.Long Ziyou, that is, Feng Menglong, please refer to Chapter 21 of this book. 〔18〕 Yuchi Yu, a native of the Southern Tang Dynasty, once served as Chao Yilang Shouge, and compiled the history of the country. "Stories of China and North Korea", two volumes of "Song History·Yiwenzhi".For the story of the continuation of the Shuren, see the next volume. [19] Zheng Xie (1022-1072), styled Yifu, was born in Anlu (now Hubei) in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zeng Guan Hanlin Bachelor, know Kai Gua Fu. "Ma Sui Biography", see the "Yunxi Collection" written by him.