Chapter 29 27. make do

Visitors, "Pan飧 market is far from having both flavors", as usual before raising chopsticks, you should say politely: "There is no food, let's eat something." The title "Make it" comes from this meaning.Compared with prose writing, writing poetry is a difficult exercise, because it must be written within various restrictions such as system, number of words, number of sentences, rhyme, flatness, and perhaps duality, etc., and it must also have poetic flavor and appear delicate nature.It is difficult, but it is bound to be accomplished, so the emotion is in the middle and expressed in words. In the process of writing the article, it has to resort to "make do".There are two meanings of making up here: forward and backward, which is to put together in the process of writing, that is, it is not suitable, and replace it with that kind of action; backward, it is after the article is completed, look, there is no rhythm. Problems, but I always feel mediocre and mediocre, and I want to change it, but I don’t have enough energy, so I have to deal with it leniently and make do with it.There is nothing to talk about the improvisation of retreat, and the following mainly discusses the improvisation of advance.Make do with it, or it may not be considered the best strategy, but poetry writing, even famous masters such as Li Du, Qin Zhou, etc., at least sometimes, cannot be separated from it, so to speak, it is useful.As for us ordinary people, those who dare not look up to Li Du, Qin Zhou, etc., are not only useful, but can be regarded as the secret of a whole article.The trick, there is a disgraceful side, is to show it, it turns out that it is discouraged.Here I want to talk about this disgraceful side, and because only I can easily see the yellow face that has faded from makeup, so I have to be cheeky in some places, and I have to speak out from my own experience. In today's language, it is frank, and I hope it can be useful for beginners.

Talked about by the ancients.Make do, it can be as big as affection, such as originally hoping or wanting to express hope, because I feel that expressing it in this way is not deep enough, or the power is weak, so it expresses melancholy.The same big thing can be the system. For example, I originally wanted to write it as Qilu, but because I didn't have enough time or I couldn't come up with a sudden idea, I reluctantly made it into an article and wrote it as Qijue.From large and small, sentence organization, rhyme selection, and even word selection, etc., there will be such a situation where one wants to be like this and become like that (this kind of situation was also mentioned in the previous article).But in such cases, most of them are only known by God and others; what readers can see is the final written version, which generally seems to be seamless.Therefore, when we talk about improvisation in the works of the ancients, we can only find a little bit that is still traceable.The traces that can be traced vary in degree.For example, the connection between the front and the back is not appropriate, the beginning or the end is not clear, etc., which are shallow; the level is shallow, as a makeshift example, the persuasive force is not strong, so I have to not mention it.For example, being limited by the rhythm, wanting to conform to it but not achieving a seamless effect is a deep degree; the degree is deep, it can be seen everywhere, and it is persuasive, so I will limit this kind of example.The restrictions of meter are mainly rhyme, flat and duality (the conditions of the number of sentences and the number of words are easy to meet; loss of cohesion, palms together are rare), and the following are some examples of these three types (use more modern poetry, because it is the most obvious).

Let's talk about rhyme first, such as: The old man Gu Ji millet invited me to Tian's house.Bianhe of Green Tree Village (pronounced in a melodious tone), Qingshan Guowai · Xie.Open the garden of noodles and talk about wine and mulberry.When it comes to the Double Ninth Day, the chrysanthemum (read the tone) flowers still come. (Meng Haoran's "Passing the Old Man's Village") A song played in the nine heavens in the morning, and demoted to Chaoyang Road in the evening to eight (read the flat tone) thousand.Book Eliminate bad government for the sake of the sage, and dare to cherish the decay (read the tone) of the dying years.Where is Yunheng Qinling's home?The snow embraces the blue pass and the horse does not move forward.Knowing that you are far away, you should be interested, so that you can take my bones by the riverside. ("Han Yu's "Zuoqian to Languan Shows His Nephew Sun Xiang")

In the previous song, the mountain stands upright outside the Guo, and cannot be erected obliquely. In order to make up for the rhyme, "oblique" is used.In the latter song, the snow is heavy, and the horse cannot walk fast. In order to make up the rhyme of the first, I use "front", which is to stop, because even if the front can express the forward movement, it is different from the fast movement, not to mention the literal meaning of not moving forward can be in the rear.Let's talk about flatness, such as: The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is full of spring vegetation.Feeling the time and splashing tears, hating the farewell (reading the tone) the bird is frightened.The beacon fire lasted for three months, and the family letter was worth ten thousand gold.White head scratching is shorter, full of lust (read flat tone) hairpin. (Du Fu's "Spring Hope")

The heavy curtain is deep in the hall of Mochou, and the night is long and thin after lying down.The life of a goddess is only a dream, and the sister-in-law lives in a place where there is no man.If you don't believe in the storm, Lingzhi is weak, who will teach the moon dew (read flat tone) Gui·Yexiang.It's useless to go straight to lovesickness, but melancholy is madness. (Li Shangyin) In the previous song, according to the law, the seventh sentence should be flat and flat, and the white hair scratch is even shorter, which is flat and flat. It doesn't fit, one doesn't matter, and the other cannot be accommodated. As a last resort, I changed "hair" to "head".In the latter song, according to the grammatical law, the sixth sentence should be 奶函平净净平, saying that the fragrance of osmanthus is not good, because the two, four, and six must be clearly distinguished, and as a last resort, the "flower" is replaced by "leaf".Let's talk about duality, such as:

Qingshan Heng·North·Guo (reading the tone), white water surrounds the east city.One (read the melody) here is another (read the melody), and the solitary Peng Wanli Zheng.Floating clouds and wandering minds, setting sun so human feelings.Waving from here, Xiao Xiaoban Ma Ming. (Li Bai "Send a Friend") It's not decided what to do, and nothing can be achieved.Trace Outline Wang Can Biography, feelings · small · sample · Du Ling's poems.The sound of the wagtail cuts a thousand miles away, and a black magpie nests in the cold moon.Ande (reading in a melodious tone): Zhongshan Thousand Days of Wine, drunk until peacetime. (Wang Zhong's "Dang Ge")

The previous song is actually Shanheng Guobei, which was changed to "Beiguo" in order to match "Dongcheng".The last song is the antithesis of "Wang Can". It is best to use the name (Du Fu), but the relative characters must be different. As a last resort, "Du Ling" of the place of residence is used; The "outline" is a dual, forced to come. Make do, it is possible, or there are more possibilities, by accident, the result seems to be seamless.But you can also look at it this way: but it is seamless, it can be proved that it is a trial and trial, and it comes from careful tempering.This is most obvious and most manifested in the duality, such as "the cloud sign · Jinque is near, the tree end · Yutang hangs", "The Jiangzhang is kind like yesterday (reading the tone), · there is nothing to find in black clothes", "recite "· "Poetry" Wen Guo (read the tone) politics, talk about "Yi" to see the heart of heaven", "Kuang Heng Kangshu's fame and reputation (read the tone), Liu Xiang Chuan Jing's mind is violated", "Wine debt · search · regular practice Yes, life · Seven · Ten (read the flat tone) has been rare since ancient times", "When · Jun · Bai · Shou · Same · Return · Day, · I · Green · Mountain · Alone (read the flat tone) · Past · Time" One is gold versus jade, the second is color versus color, the third is book title versus book title, the fourth is person name versus person name, the fifth is phonetic pairing, and the sixth is flowing water pairing. It can come from another way, pieced together.

Putting things together is a matter before the whole article is completed. After we read the works of the ancients, it is more difficult to grasp and verify the critical nitpicking.In order to reveal the scheming of stealing, I will not avoid the suspicion of boasting, and I will take my own doggerel as an example to illustrate that this kind of disgraceful patchwork is pervasive.It is pervasive, and if it is detailed, it will be too difficult to write.So I have to grasp a few important aspects as the outline, and use the light point method to show the comprehensiveness. 1. Title.Write a text, the text is wrong, not good.The same is true for poems, the content should be exactly what the title of the poem requires.Let's say that not long ago, my publishing house was celebrating its fortieth anniversary, and I had to write something.It is easy to make up a poem, because the number of words is small, and the words can be free from stagnation, so with the title "Wishing the 40th Anniversary of the Founding of the Company" as the title, I made up a five-rhythm poem:

The latent husband becomes a concubine and an old man, and the season's son is not light.There is also the prosperity of learning books, so there should be no shame in begging for rice.The dead sheep pity the old learning (read the tone), and the rabbits are ashamed of the new ideas.I want to present Hongdu Fu, Bingtao wishes Wanqiu. After reading the article, maybe because it is not easy to write directly, it is still an old habit to write from my own side, and only turn to the title at the end of the couplet.The text is wrong, what should I do?Trying to do it all over again was laborious, so I begged for help, changed the title to "Report on the 40th Anniversary of the Founding of the Society", and handed in the paper.

Second, chapter organization.First copy the humble work "Self-Injury": The avenue sighs many divergences, and the tortoise asks what it is.In the Central Plains, there is always water and fire, but there is little rouge in the lower places.Feelings turn into tears, boring and poetry.Yueqing is still walking in the muddy (reading oblique tone), and he feels ashamed. After finishing the article, it seems that there is no trace of patchwork, but it is not.From the aspect of mood when writing, three points can be pointed out.One is the order of the two sentences in the first couplet, which could have been reversed, but because the whole article is flat (road), the sentence "turtle yarrow" had to be relegated to the second place.The second is the third sentence. I once wanted to use "Zhongchao Fubao" as a counterpart to "Xiali Shaorouzhi". After comparison and consideration, I felt that "Changshuihuo" is more important and closer to my body, so I used this sentence. .The third is the history of the birth of the four couplets and eight sentences. Readers must think that the big brother or the big sister is "the road is full of divergences", but it is not the case.It is the sixth sentence "boring and poetry", because I feel the deepest, I put it in my heart first.The sixth sentence comes first, and of course the fifth sentence "everyone feels tears" will follow, because it's hard to sing alone.Then there is the first couplet or the jaw couplet, and finally the tail couplet.The order of work is disrupted, which is typical make do.

Third, the choice of words.This improvisation can be seen almost every article, every sentence.The common one is ambiguity, such as writing a sentence "Looking for a touch of red in the western sky", if you want to change it, for a small change, you can use "Looking for a red tree in the western sky", for a big change, you can use "Looking at the withered lotus for the evening" wind".Sometimes it is not ambiguous, but there is a distinction between right and wrong, just to give one example.That was 10 years ago, when I got the chance to live at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain, I was happy for a while, and wrote "Four Poems of Fragrant Mountain Prosperity".The last song is: Yule with money and horses, and a golden wheel chariot (pronounced cha).How is Yanxiu, a mountain family all his life.Thirsty to drink chicken dew, hunger to eat medlar flowers.Enbo is now mighty, hitting the soil and defeating cinnabar. After a few years, I accidentally flipped through it, and felt that the seventh sentence was inappropriate, because it was close to hot, and it was inconsistent with the peaceful mood of the whole article, and the peaceful way of life that should be.It had to be changed, but I didn't want to make a big change, so I just changed "now" to "ying", counting it as a hope, and it passed. Four, rhyme.A few years ago, according to the old calculation, he was seventy years old, arty, and made up "Four Ancient and Rare Poems".The first stanza always says: Porridge and rice are used to celebrate the ancient times, and the travel bag still stores old black clothes.In Sandong, Wan Wei tried to find the way, but at the age of a hundred, he did not see many people.The wind in the chariot is high and the inkstone is old, and the dream of Haoliang is broken to see the fish return.Desiring to enjoy the spring and ice together, looking back should be pity. This poem has five slight rhymes, obviously because the first sentence is suitable for showing the word "ancient and rare".After that, the word "Xi" has been determined, and the remaining four rhyme characters can only be found in Wuwei Rhyme.Find the four words "yi", "ji", "gui" and "fei" and embed them in. It seems to be a matter of course, but in fact it may not be.It can be imagined that when writing about life and feelings, after eating porridge, eating porridge, and having fun, there must be many situations that can be written and worth writing about, while "clothes", "ji", "return", " "Non" is exactly the most worthwhile possibility to write, maybe it is no more than 50%?But poetry can only be tolerated in this way, because it has to resort to improvisation.There is also a situation, such as first getting a couplet, using the Qiyang rhyme, and then putting together the other three couplets, which is laborious and unsatisfactory, and finally has to give up the Qiyang, try the eleven, and it works. This is a more important improvisation.It is more common to choose different words according to the rhyme, such as using a wine vessel to express drinking, if it is a ten-gray rhyme, you have to use a wine cup, and for a four-branch rhyme, you have to use a wine goblet, and others can be deduced by analogy. Fifth, leveling.First, I copied my humble work "Remembrance of the Fourth Nine of the Wuchen Period": Overseas only heard about the big Kyushu, and the spring and autumn in small houses in suburban gardens.Go back to the sky and lose your nepotism, and paint the quiet bosom of the earth to pay for the hook.Who is the horse when it comes to raising children?Publishing books and testing inkstone is a bull.Poor Conghun is still happy, and writes lyrics to ask old worries. According to the facts, the first sentence should be "only heard overseas", and according to the language habits, the fifth sentence should be "bear children", but because of the law, the first sentence should be "凯凯平写写平平", and the fifth sentence It should be flat, flat, flat, flat, and the first four characters are flat, so I had to move "overseas" and "children" to the front.There are more cases of word selection and word change due to restraints, such as between the nouns "Tiandi" and "Qiankun", between "Rixia" and "Chunming", between "Taibai" and "Qinglian"; Between "view", between "deliberation" and "meditation"; between the adjective "red" and "red", between "cenji" and "solitary"; between the pronouns "you" and "jun", between "he" and "Yi" between "; between the quantifiers "two" and "double", between "several degrees" and "several times"; between the adverbs "you" and "still", between "together" and "all", etc. For a low tone, use the former, and for a flat tone, use the latter.In case the synonym and close synonym cannot be resolved, you can go to war, that is, to change the term, for example, "suburban small room" can be replaced by "drinking friends", "bringing up children" can be replaced by "cloak and wearing a moon", etc. Wait.The general principle is to choose from the language inventory, put them together, and then see if there is any violation of the rules and feelings, and if there is no violation, it will be considered a smooth pass. Six, duality.First, I copied a poem from my humble work "The Idea of ​​Traveling in the Spring Mountains": After the rain, the mountain is still wet (read the tone), and the wind and water are not rippled.Thousands of flowers are blooming, and willows are full of smoke all the way.Before the Qingming festival, I still cherish the Han and Jin years.The curtain of wine is drifting away, whose side is tomorrow? As mentioned earlier, since the Tang Dynasty, when literati wrote modern style poems, they used the greatest strength in antithesis and made up many kinds of tricks.It takes a lot of effort, because the exquisite finished product does not come from natural generation, but from artificial patchwork. Famous sentences such as Xie Lingyun's "spring grass grows in the pond" and Du Fu's "Jiang Tianmo desert bird double go", the second couplet is worthy of no spirit, It can be proved.Some of my experience can also prove it, that is, in the neck couplet of this humble work, the first sentence says leaving home, and the next sentence says nostalgia, and the meaning is not bad; expressed in duality, Qingming is the name of the dynasty to the Han and Jin Dynasties, and the technique is also advisable .Is this a coincidence?no.It was chosen among several available words and finally settled on.This is the improvisation method.That is to say, I have used this kind of improvisation method, and I have also played the right tricks, such as the first song of the "Four Poems of Ancient Times" quoted above, "The wind is high in the chariot, and the inkstone is old, and the dream of Haoliang is broken to see the fish return", "Inkstone" It is a borrowed sound (sounds the same as "geese"), which forms a borrowed pair with "fish"; the fourth couplet is "Half verse Nanwu (namo) builds more towers, if it is true, how can there be undisarmed soldiers", "no" is borrowed Form (the "nothing" that seems to be the same as "being and nothing") and "being" constitute borrowed pairs.In this way, we can almost say that decent duals are made by makeshift workmanship. Seven, allusions.First, copy a poem "Yichou Winter Solstice Improvisation": It's not difficult to live in Changan every year, and it's not difficult to say (read the tone).Travel alone with two beds a week, follow the crowd and eat three meals a day.The arrogance is still mantis arms, and the remnant body is not rat liver.What do you do in winter leisure, draw ghosts and people to see (read flat tone). There are a lot of classics in this poem, and it focuses on neck couplets.The last sentence means that there are still pitiful illusions. Use "Zhuangzi Human World" "You don't know if your husband is a mantis, and you are angry with your arm as a rut, and you don't know that he is not competent"; the next sentence means that you are still alive and well, use "Zhuangzi· The Great Master: "Wonderful! How will the creation take you as yours? Will you take you as suitable? Will you be a rat liver? Will you be a worm's arm?" It can also be regarded as exerting the power of allusions (few words but sharp meaning).As for what it came from, of course it was the result of improvisation.Because the allusions are in the nature of cryptic words, it is impossible to leave ordinary words alone, go round and round, and do not spend some searching effort. Eighth, second rhyme.It is used the most in sub-rhyme works, and it is also the most obvious.Or cite your own experience as proof.It was at the end of summer a year ago, and I received a letter from Mr. Zhou Ruchang, which included a poem of five laws, which was called "Re-introducing Negative Xuan Trivia", and the poem said: Sigh and sigh, who is the generation of the Sri Lankan?Literary, poetry, history and philosophy (reading in the tone), righteousness and anger are strict and true.The beautiful period is unadorned, affectionate and unkind.How can it be fawning on the new if you have never hated anything? This is another popular work "Negative Discussions of Xuanxuan" (see the postscript of the reprinted version for the first batch).I have to thank you for being favored. According to the usual practice, I also want to have a five-tempered sub-rhyme.So first write down the four characters of "human", "truth", "benevolence" and "new". Of course, affection and words must be pieced together.In the end, I put together a poem titled "My Humble Writings of Negative Xuan Trivia Reprinted by Xiewei Weng and then I Give the Poem Title, Immediately Sending the Original Rhyme". The poem says: Writing is still troublesome, how many people will return the beads?Why not play alone (read oblique sound) music, you can't ask the whole truth.Reminiscing about the old knowledge is often illusion, chatting and lamenting the inhumanity.After sleeping, I re-open the scroll, feeling ashamed and meaningless. On the surface, the whole article is written with the intention of retreating modestly, which can be regarded as decent.And from the aspect of punishing the heart, one has to admit that whether it's solitude or shame, it's all cut and sewn together. 9. Borrow troops.Language and writing come from conventions, public ownership, strictly speaking, words are spoken, and writing is written. No matter the parts or the whole, they are all borrowed.However, the habit is relatively lenient. For example, if you say "the head is full of white hair", "it is almost three thousand feet high", "the white hair is three thousand feet", only the last sentence is copied into a sentence, and the first two sentences are considered to be original.In fact, there is no clear boundary between copied sentences and original ideas, for example, "it is the smell of wine and meat in high-end hotels, and there are still people who can't eat enough in remote villages." But not all quotations, is it a copy?Here we might as well put aside the analysis and focus on practicality, that is, the emotion is in the middle, and if there is a sentence that is suitable for use, we might as well take advantage of it, or copy it all, or copy it half, in order to get twice the result with half the effort.This is to use external force to facilitate improvisation.I happen to have an example at hand, so I copy it out and have a look.It was not long ago that Mr. Zhou Ruchang wrote in a letter saying that a revised version of "Examination of Prince Gong's Mansion" would be printed, and he hoped that I could write something.I had to obey, searched my brains, and put together a song "Huanxisha": On the side of the water in the famous garden of your mansion, inside and outside Chongyuan say (read in a flat tone) red makeup.I also asked Tianxiang in the deep courtyard.Who will explain the fantasy?The newly compiled wonderful pen is self-flowing. Ten years of hard work is unusual. It is wide and wide, not counting expensive mansions and deep courtyards. "Waterside" and "Ten Years of Hard Work are Unusual" must be admitted to be borrowed. "Waterside" is a partial loan, and "Ten years of hard work is unusual" is a full loan (the following note should be "using Cao Xueqin's sentence" to indicate that it is borrowing, not stealing).It can also be modified and borrowed slightly. For example, there are sentences in my work "How clear can I see in my life" and "Most poems and books are made by rice grains". "Conspiracy", small changes are embedded in the article.Borrowing, especially using allusions, often saves more effort than inventing one's own ideas. Although the words are not made by oneself, the principle of "it doesn't matter whether a cat is black or white, as long as it can catch mice is a good cat", I think it is harmless. Ten, collection of sentences.This is the practice of using the ancients to form sentences to form a song. A few people have played this trick.If you are willing to rank second, the second rhyme is the number one improvise, which is the special number improvise.But it is instructive, and you can tell those who are interested in humming and mediocrity. The affection is your own, and you can express it at your fingertips. Therefore, you can take one corner and use three corners to reverse it. When you write, you can piece it together and make difficult things become. easy, or easier.Also give an example of personal statement.A few years ago, an old friend sent a song "High Balcony". I heard that a lady who had a lover but not married was already a widow and lived in a certain place in the west.Because it is a sick moan, affectionate and witty.I always appreciate it when I read it myself, so please send me a letter.I'm not sick, and I can't moan, so I have to ask for help from Ji Syntax.I didn't dare to collect Tang, but only collected Li Shangyin, and actually made up three poems and seven masterpieces: The distant books return to the dream, and the spring breeze in the same direction is worrying about each other.Even if there are flowers and moons, his life is uncertain. A good day may not have a good time, and Wanli Nanyun is stagnant in thinking.But recalling that looking back at the short pavilion, there are two different hornets, purple butterflies (reading in the tone). If you don't believe that there is a heartbreak in the years, it is only a matter of fate since ancient times.Where is Li Luan and Bie Feng now?Wanli west wind night is long. Ji Ji sent it, and soon got a reply, saying that it was exactly what I wanted.If you ramble about some sentences and piece them together, they can also meet your intentions, which proves that the method of improvisation may not fail to show its magical powers.I think, if you are a beginner, if you study it deeply like Zen meditation, you may be able to get a glimpse of some news about it. Finally, let’s talk about the ambiguity of making do.Jin can hope for big gains.People, to live, according to the new view, from falling to the ground to being cremated, only this time, as far as the body is concerned, writing the heart is a big thing.As for writing, in terms of poems suitable for expressing affection, it is not easy to write a poem, and it is even more difficult to write a beautiful poem.Fortunately, small actions are not excluded in accomplishing a great cause, that is, various forms of improvisation are allowed.And make do, if the conditions, opportunities, etc. are all in place, it might be so high that you can get it by chance.Su Dongpo's "Hezi Yu Mianchi Nostalgia" is a good example: What is life like everywhere?It should be like Feihong stepping on slush.Fingers and claws are occasionally left on the mud, which is what Hongfei counted.The old monk has died and turned into a new pagoda, and the broken walls can't see the old problems.Do you still remember the bumpy days?The road is long and the people are tired and the donkey neighs. This is also a secondary rhyme (see "Luancheng Collection" for the original poem), not only is there no trace of patchwork, but it also has a magical touch.This is how small actions can be used to great effect.But you also need to know that it was Su Dongpo, so he just said that the number one in the Song Dynasty, if you see the virtuous and think like the same, the possibility of getting your wish is very small.So I use the other meaning of making do, retreat, that is, to be content with self-knowledge, look at it, it is completed, there is no language or metrical error, and it is somewhat poetic, so it ends, and even recites it once or twice behind closed doors, contented There is nothing wrong with it.