Chapter 28 26. Shadow catching and shadow painting

Compared with writing poems, reading, explaining, appreciating, and even chasing them deeply, they are mantras after all; when you pick up a pen and compose your feelings into mediocrity, you will be truly moved.It's not easy to read "The city is full of wind and rain, near Chongyang", "Where is the drunkenness tonight", knowing it well, and even tears in the eyes, it is not easy, but it is not as difficult as writing one's own feelings into famous lines that make people shock or even cry.Poetry is the finalization of emotion.Affection is invisible, silent, and often blurred. If you want to preserve or pass it on to others, you must use language to shape it, that is, to make it tangible, vocal, and clear.This is like turning smoke into stones, a big change.How it can be transformed and what it will look like contains many difficulties and problems.Impossibility includes two situations.One is that there is no technical strength, such as the large number of pretty women in the old days, who also had spring and autumn sorrows and tears, but they were illiterate, so naturally they couldn't write.The other kind is those with technical strength, that is, the general text, or the scope is further narrowed, and they want to be mediocre. Often, at least sometimes, they are emotionally moved and imagined in words, but they suffer from lack of wit and force. Searching for verses and words, but it is too late.There are two aspects of shallow and deep in coming and not coming. The shallow is how to become language and characters, and the deep is how to become "ruyi" language and characters.On the last question, the ancients said that articles are made by nature, and you can get them by chance. To borrow the words of Zen monks, you can’t talk about it.It can be said that with affection, how to turn it into language.

Affection comes first, and it comes from wanting, especially wanting but not getting. "The Doctrine of the Mean" begins with the words "Taoism is the Tao", followed by a sentence "Cultivating the Tao is teaching". .Speaking from the heart and examining the reality, it can even be said that it is often unethical.So not any affection can be put into poetry.Here we only talk about what can be included, and there are differences in nature and degree: for example, "feeling time and flowers splashing tears" and "manjuan poetry and books are ecstatic" are differences in nature; It's a difference of degree.When the two differences are multiplied together, affection becomes infinitely many.Many, some easy to write, some difficult to write.There are various ways to write.It can be written directly or indirectly.Directly, you can speak out loudly, or you can understate it; indirectly, you can write about the scenery of the outside world, or about other people's affairs (including history).These, of course, also have difficulties.Difficult, for example, Mr. Mengchang passed the pass, and he had to use a clever method to break through.This method, to speak a joke, is a trick of turning affection into poetry.Feelings are turbulent in my heart, like a shadow, and I want to "catch" it with the method; sometimes, the result of catching it seems that the shape is not fixed, and the amount is not enough, but I still want to write, so I have to add some "not too little" painted".The following discussion, in terms of affection, mainly talks about how to capture and how to draw.I also want to talk about catching, my experience, there are two kinds of superficial and deep.The nature of affection is "the mountain is in the void", it has a real side, which is "the mountain is in", and an imaginary side, which is "in the void".Because it is illusory, but to make it into poetry, so we must catch it.How to catch?Initially, it can only be caught in the heart.Feeling, overweight, can't be done; what can be done is only understanding, that is, identifying it, paying attention to it, hoping for it: first, go slowly, and second, have a certain direction, that is, it is easy to enter poetry.This recognition, this attention, this hope, is a shallow grasp.Depth is to use language and words to capture, that is, to really enter the work of poetry.Walking in, it will not be fleeting. Strictly speaking, this is the real grasp.Superficial grasping, idealism, it is difficult to explain clearly; this article talks about grasping, mainly referring to the transformation of emotion into poetry.Unlimited affection can be turned into poetry, and the method of stealing tricks is also infinite. I can only cite a little noteworthy, hoping to give one corner and use three corners to counter.Let me also say first that there is no trace of affection and intention (method), but there is trace in the works. Sometimes, it is easy (and not necessarily accurate) to deduce from trace to trace, but it is difficult to make intention. As a last resort, I have to Do not avoid the suspicion of self-recommendation, and give some nonsense.

The motivation of affection is inherent, and what usually causes it to move.This what we can call the cause.There are differences in size, strength, and light and shade.Big, strong and clear, it means that there are braids on the head and ears next to the head, so it is easy to grasp; otherwise, it will be like the shadow in the mirror, the moon in the water, it seems real and clear, but it is real. I went to catch it, but ran away in a hurry.Let's start with the big, strong and clear.This is all that is experienced by the body and feels evident in the outside world.Because it is everything, the content is infinite.Some examples can be given from both ends.As you have experienced, it can be the pain of subjugation, or the slight sadness of seeing Ermao in the mirror; what you see, it can be the height of Wushan, the danger of the Three Gorges, or the sunshine of light rain, or the fall of a leaf; Worried about the ancients, such as reading history, Bolangsha failed to hit the iron vertebra, Maweipo beauty died early; etc., everything that is enough to make a peaceful heart become uneasy.This kind of affection is generally stronger and clearer, and borrowing from the idiom that the soul is not possessed, it can be said that there is a body to be possessed.If there is an attached body, it is easy to grasp it, and it is also easy to turn it into words, because it does not matter to use that body.There are many poems written in this way.For example, Du Fu's "Northern Expedition" and Li Houzhu's "Lang Tao Sha" ("The rain is gurgling outside the curtain") are about writing experiences.For example, Du Fu's "Wei Shizhai Watching General Cao's Painting of Horses" and Liu Yong's "Wang Haichao" ("Southeast Xingsheng") are about the scenery you see.For example, Meng Haoran's "Climbing Xian Mountain with the Masters", and Su Shi's "Butterfly Love Flower" ("Three and Five Nights in Qiantang with Lights") are about banquets.Such as Bai Juyi and Su Shi ("The Great River Goes East"), they are about history or nostalgia.For example, Du Fu's "Xi Wei Liu Quatrains" and Jiang Kui's "Qi Tian Le" ("Yu Lang first recited his own sad Fu") are about or chanting something.For example, Yuan Zhen's "Sorrowful Feelings" and Liu Yong's "Yu Linling" ("Cicadas are sad") are about nostalgia or farewell.For example, Du Fu's "Gift to the Eight Guards" and Su Shi's "Sapphire Case" ("Three years on Wuzhong Road") are inscribed gifts.Other kinds can be deduced by analogy.The emotion in this kind of works is also a shadow in terms of the turmoil in the heart, but because there is an obvious attachment, it is easier to grasp, and it is easier to turn it into words.

But this change is not the change of steam into water, but the change of Monkey King's seventy-two changes.That is to say, affection becomes poetry and has plasticity, that is, it is manifested as a choice between one and the other.There can be a big distance between this and the other, just like the same affection. If it is passionate, it can be written into a poem of Qilu and "Congratulations to the Bridegroom"; "Love Flower".The distance can also be small. For example, if you decide to compose "Butterfly Love Flower", the opening sentence can be "How deep is the courtyard", or "Where to go in a few days".Therefore, the so-called easy to grasp and easy to turn into words are comparative terms; a shadow is a shadow after all, even if it is caught immediately, it will always take some effort.

In this way, affection has a definite and obvious reason, and it has a body to attach to, but attachment is not static, but seventy-two changes, so it cannot be turned into poetry easily.As for those that have no reason or the reason is not very certain and obvious, such as the titles "Occasionally", "Feeling", "Untitled" and Tao Yuanming's "Idle Love Fu", if you want to catch them and turn them into poems, it will be difficult. It is even more difficult.But as the saying goes, don't bite if there are many lice, don't worry if there are many bills, and difficulties will be transformed.This change also comes from the seventy-two changes, because the change can be manifested in two aspects: disadvantages and benefits: choosing one of many is difficult to determine, which is a disadvantage; but because it is difficult to determine, it is no problem to catch a bald man to become a monk. The positive side.For some benefit, of course we have to take advantage of that benefit.The way is to say it directly and express some kind of affection. Since there are more than one kind of sentences available, or quite a lot, you might as well rummage through the resources in your mind, look for, touch, and as a result, find or come across a suitable one (although it may not be best), chances are not rare.

Pay attention to the magic method of catching a bald man to become a monk.There is a psychological prerequisite for this, which is to take the serious as the easy one. As the old saying goes, governing a big country is like cooking a small fish.If it means, what's so great about it?If you are interested, confirm it, even repair it, and then find some from the pile of language and characters, just like buying clothes in a store, take a few to try, and pay for the one that suits you.Here are two processes.One is the confirmation and repair of affection.Affection is usually quite complicated, such as laughter while crying, love while hating, lazy but still moving, tired and reluctant to give up, etc. As for writing poems, it is appropriate to be clear and simple in nature.This sometimes requires a bit of work: choosing the pure and discarding the mixed is confirmation; if you feel that the nature is not clear enough and the strength is not strong enough, you might as well add some oil and vinegar, which is repairing.For example, when the autumn wind is blowing again, and I see red leaves when I go out, I feel a little bit of melancholy that time goes by, but it is so slight that I don’t even take it seriously. If you have the habit of composing poems and lyrics, this is obviously a good opportunity, but affection The quantity is not enough, the nature is unknown, what should I do?The method of confirmation and repair can be used: after confirmation, the affection becomes grief;This is enough, and the next thing is to write.Writing is the second process, and it can also be difficult and easy.Let me give you a difficult example first, which is the character-limiting method.Heshibu rhyme is a word-limiting method, such as Qijue or Qilu. The two ending characters of the first couplet are "gui" and "fei". No matter what affection you want to express, you must use these two ending characters in the first couplet.For practice, the word restriction method can also be expanded. For example, if the first sentence must use the word "Xiangyang", it can also be conjured up. Warm" is embedded in the middle, and "several family trees face the setting sun" is embedded in the tail.The word limit can be used as a magic trick, making being restrained seem like being unrestrained, and there is no word limit, and you can come and go at will, of course, it's even easier.

In order to make it easier, there are many tricks.Not too low.Take the two lowest ones first.If you read a lot of poems and become familiar with them, there will always be some sentences in your mind. When you have similar feelings and want to express them, some related sentences will emerge on their own, unwilling to be lonely, so you can use them as you like.Some are disassembled into parts, which can be called implicit borrowing; some are copied or slightly changed, and can be called explicit borrowing. (This kind of borrowing is about catching shadows in terms of affection, which is discussed in this article; if it is said to be improvised in the entire article, it will be discussed in the next article.) Take my own doggerel as an example:

It is a matter of a day to eat a sheep, but a humble dog has a life of a hundred years.Waiting is Zhuang Sheng's dream, why ask whether it is true or not. ("Guansheng Feelings") Qi Kuo hated a car (read cha) year after year, and the spring breeze chased (read the tone) Liu Sixie again.Waiting to blow off the dream of Pengshan Mountain, outside the window, tea, rice, Zheng, Zuo, and flowers. ("Geng Wu Late Spring") The words with dots are alluded to: the former, the original owner is Li Shangyin's poem "Zhuang Shengxiao dreamed of a butterfly"; ·Aunt·Absurd·Word·Zhi·Gu·Listen (read melodious tone)·It, the words are like silk under the sunset fence.That will get (reading in flat tone) the meaning of the west, when the candles are cold and the incense burns to hide the tears. ("Self-problem of <Negative Discussions>")

In the afternoon dream, you enter the old house leisurely, and the heavy door hides the blue window screen. ·Sunset·Sun·Red·To·Ma·ying·Flower.Inside the curtain, I seem to hear people's voices whispering, what's going on beside the pillow.Ecstasy for a moment and the end of the world. ("Huanxi Sand") The words with dots are clear borrowings: the former, the original owner is a poem inscribed by Wang Shizhen; the latter, the original owner is Xiang Tingji's words. What is more troublesome than borrowing explicitly and secretly is using old things.Also take clumsy as an example.Once things have changed, and occasionally there is the pain of the death of a rabbit and a fox. It is difficult to say it directly. I thought of Kong Rong, and then I thought of Zhang Jian, so I made a couplet, "Stop thousands of Zhang Jian, and accept Kong Rong as well", which can be regarded as capturing the affection of the fox. Live, and then use the method of improvisation to write a poem of five rhythms.Once again, I got a little food and clothing after the hunger and cold, and I also had the elegant meaning of not forgetting the grace of a meal. I wanted to write, but I couldn't speak bluntly. Hearing tone), there should be no factory and health worries", and he also grasped the feeling of being lucky to live in peace, and then wrote a poem of five rhythms by improvisation.

With affection, it is more common to use a more ethereal technique to catch.Also take clumsy as an example.Let me first say that you can use the language of scenery.For example, once, when I wrote a painting of ink bamboo for someone, I suddenly saw the scene and felt emotional, as if thinking about it, so I struck while the iron was hot. The last two sentences of Qijue were written as "it is raining in the courtyard of Tianxiang, it is the time when bamboo shoots are eaten in the south of the Yangtze River", thinking becomes thinking of spring Today's Jiangnan must be similar to the reality of love, right?You can also use the language of love.It was a spring day in the past year, when I lived in Xiangshan, the wind was warm and the sun was warm, so I felt a little flustered. I wanted to write a poem, and I picked up cloves by the way, and I wanted to make a pair of stems and branches. "Yin Ziye Poems" (the couplets of Wulu), the fragrance of cloves, coupled with the fragrance of "Midnight Song", will make you feel even more euphoric.Many other ways of writing can be analogized.

Let alone more ethereal.It's the emotion in the middle, but it's light and uncertain, like a cloud of smoke, if you want to catch it, you can only slightly determine its nature, and then find a suitable bottle to put it in.It's just a touch.But the freedom to touch and touch is as long as it is suitable for use, porcelain, glass, plastic, it is all fine.Still take clumsy as an example.Once, there was a vague sense of anticipation, thinking, deliberation, and putting together a poem of five masterpieces: Reading history is sad and born late, and hearing Zhong cherishes Mengyao.I don't know where is the blue bridge under the green mist. ("Reverement") Once there was a vague sense of sadness, after thinking and deliberating, I also made up a poem of five unique poems: With its own Luoqunbi, who will pity the fragrance of brocade?The years are sad, and I want to ask Yongfengfang. () Once there was a vague sense of melancholy. After thinking and deliberating, I made up a small order: The wind is warm, the moon is like eyebrows, and the night in Haitang's courtyard is long.Inside the gate, there is a screen outside the mountain gate. ("Gui Dian Qiu") The above is a little example to catch.As mentioned above, if Ruying's emotion and form are both uncertain and insufficient, and you still want to put them into poems, you need to add some or more "painting".Painting is a big make-up, although it is inevitable to distance yourself from reality, it is a last resort, because poetry is a work of art, and all works of art must use reality as the material, with some major or minor processing.The following is about processing, from small to large.Still take clumsy as an example.Such as: Zi Mo Red Mansion, a dream to return, enduring the cold and still yearning for the old black clothes.But after the drizzle at dusk, there is no one in the small courtyard alone (reading the tone) to cover their doors. ("Countryside") This was done when I was passively returning to my hometown during the Great Revolution, and my affection is absolutely true.The facts are basically true, because although I live in an old ancestral house, I am alone.Basically, because "no one" is a matter of course, in fact, most of the houses are occupied by the production team.However, one cannot ignore the poetic context when composing poems. Just imagine, if it is true that "no one is alone" is changed to "many people share", wouldn't there be little desolation left? "Changing" means painting; when writing poems, poetic sentiment and poetic realm are paramount, and as a last resort, painting is not only allowed, but should be painted.Another example: Several cold food stores (reading the tone) see the smoke from the cooking, and the new tomb on the Moshang is another year.Arguing (reading in flat tone) the magnolia flower is a good thing, and the spring breeze blows away the ashes. ("Xin You Year Cold Food") I still remember that it was the morning before Qingming. When I heard or thought that it was cold food, I felt a little bit like that for a moment.which?I can't tell, it's always the past, right?So I picked up a pen and made up a song like this.Strictly speaking, only the cold food festival is the lead, and cooking smoke, Moshang, paper money, etc. are all explored along the road of affection.This is also painting, the painting of "Zen".Another example: Sitting at night worrying about life, welcoming spring and sighing about dreams.What do you want in the dying years, no more burning books. ("Ode to New Year's Eve in 1979") The fourth line of this poem was originally "Closed at home and read idle books". After a little guessing, I felt that the spirit of retreating was too heavy and my strength was weak, so I changed it to "Don't see burning books again" according to the times.In this way, old learners and rookies will feel better, right?This is an "exchange" of affection, I think, as long as it is not a lie, it is harmless. Painting can also break the rules, that is, it is like a horse that has let go of the rein, regardless of the affection that tied it.Take two examples of my humble works that are not enough for training: Several times the cold quilt dreams of moonlight, half pond Qiushuiyu people.Evening flowers are still inserted in front of the lapel.Who is the horse of the rich family outside the alley? In the garden, the green trees live on their own crows. Xiangjian and tears are sent to the end of the world. ("Huanxisha" is written by Xu Zhonghe with the words "Zhong" and "He" embedded in it) The Xiuhu Yun window is opened next time, and Xian'e points out the Phoenix Club.There is no fine horse going to the sky, and there are still pearls shining at night.Thousands of miles to find fragrance and meet Duqu, and thousands of dollars to buy inkstone and love coal.After the Qianxi dance, I leaned on the Zen couch, the tears were wet (read the melody) and the Luojin candle (read the melody) was not ashes. ("Second rhyme and taste, Weng Jiwei's summer chronicle is Cheng Yuxi's Bicheng style but sent to Bochan") In the previous song, I chased the shadow of affection from the sentence, I am afraid that what I got was just the flower in my dream, it seemed to be there, but I didn't see it when I opened my eyes.The last song is overweight, even if it seems to be there, it turns into nothingness, but it is incomprehensible.But looking at the form and listening to the sound, it can actually become a word, a poem.What's the point?That is, from the point of view of intention, in the process from affection to writing, it is allowed, even unavoidable, to play some tricks more or less.Changes, according to theory, are best to be small changes, but just like all trends are difficult to stop, so a small change will become a big change.The big change is almost entirely painted, and it is inevitable that it will be separated from emotion. A big change is going off track; it is even conceivable that everything is going off track.What are you talking about?It is for the sake of affection to be able to complete the article, and there are many tricks.It is better to learn many kinds, and only a few are enough; instead of losing them again and again, for example, if you need two kinds, you will only have two kinds.There are many kinds, and it can only be changed when you use it. The so-called inspiration after picking up the pen will come from here. So far, I have talked too much about stealing tricks, will there be side effects, that is, getting off track as I just said?So I have to say a few words about recycling.There are three points.One is, before writing a poem, affection is paramount, and after writing, poetic realm is paramount.If there is no emotion worthy of writing into poetry, it is best not to write (except for exercises); if it is written, what is expressed is not a poetic state (no poetic flavor), and should be rewritten.Second, write and write in black and white, in which there are feelings and events, the feelings must be true, and the events can be discounted.This is true of narrative poems such as "Mulan Song" and Du Fu's "Beauty", as well as lyric poems such as Li Bai's "Will Enter the Wine" and Li Shangyin.Third, although writing poems is a literati's spare time, they must abide by the great precepts of Buddhism and not lie.It is a lie to say that there is no love, and it is also a lie to say that there is love.Throughout the ages, how many of the works of entertainment and praise are not lying?Therefore, only when he talks about catching pictures in order to complete the article, the situation of lying is more worthy of deep consideration and even vigilance.