Chapter 27 25. Departure

The meaning of the title is that everything is ready and you can write with a pen.In the middle, there are some things that need to be paid attention to, and I will talk about them here. The principle is not to groan for nothing, that is, you should have affection and keep your mouth open before you take up the pen.But this is the principle, just like other things of nature, it is not only possible, but also many to break into the world and go beyond the principle.Affection, everyone has it, from time to time, and many of them are light in nature and unclear in appearance, so they are not worth writing in poetry, but ability and habit often make this kind of affection.After makeup or transformation, write poetry.A prolific writer who has written more than ten thousand books in his lifetime, some of them, or even quite a few, are presumably of this kind.On the contrary, just like in the old days, there are countless beauties in pink, whose sex is higher than the sky, and their lives are as thin as paper, but they don't write a single poem, because they have neither the ability to hold a pen nor the habit of being invisible.In this way, the principle will be impacted in two ways. On the one hand, it should be written and not written, and on the other hand, it can be written instead of written.Speaking of the latter, how should we look at it?In my opinion, since I also want to write, I have no choice but to be lenient, that is, it is best to groan when I am sick;

There are all kinds of unavoidable situations, and I will only say a little bit as an example.The most important one is practice.Masters such as Li Du and Qin Zhou have all learned their writing skills.Language and writing are like knives, guns, swords and halberds. If you don't play it every day, you can't get it right.Practice writing, learn to use the most appropriate words to express all kinds of what you see, hear and feel. You can’t just sit around and wait for you to be really sick. Flat, flat, moan.For example, outside the Great Wall, there are thick clouds at night, so it is not impossible to chant the moon, and say "the clear light shines on Gusu".But always remember that this is learning, not application; it is best to use it with real knives and guns, and to see the blood.Another kind of situation, such as passing through the Qinhuai River, "smoke cage, cold water, moon cage sand", the scenery is still the same, but the affection is not as strong as "the hatred of the subjugated country", but there will always be some wounds, so it's okay to magnify the minor illness, and let's have a look The first seven musts, and even a song "Yong Yu Le".Another example is that there are one or more situations in which I am not emotionally moved, I should not write, and I don’t want to write, but the pressure comes from outside. According to the unwritten law of the world, I can only do it without refusing it. I had no choice but to take a pen and groan without illness.Many famous works in the history of literature, such as Wang Wei's "He Jia Zhisheren's Works of the Daming Palace in the Early Dynasty", Su Shi's "Shuilongyin" (ci Yunzhang Zhifu Yang Huaci), etc., are all squeezed out in this way.

Poetry, origin is so complicated.The above is "emotion moves in the middle and expresses in words", until "I don't know how to dance with hands and feet".The next one is that the love is not moved and arty.The ones in the middle are even more varied.The same is true when looking at history. You can quote Mr. Qi Gong's summary to help explain.He said: "Puchang said that poems before the Tang Dynasty were grown, Tang people's poems were made out of shouting, Song people's poems were thought out, and poems after Song Dynasty were imitated. Those who shout out are out of nowhere; those who think, Think carefully, and act with intention.” Here, it’s okay to take the general idea, saying that some poems are written because they can’t help it, and they have to be written;There are of course differences between the two situations.But for the sake of practice, I have to ignore the distinction for the time being, because I have to have the capital to perform before I shout, and if I don’t have the capital, there is no possibility of shouting "the sea is not all returned to Yu Gong, where is Jimen to be sealed". And the capital of performance cannot but come from practice.The main purpose of this article is to ask those who intend to write poetry to really learn how to do it, so they have no choice but to eat and eat. At the beginning, regardless of whether they have affection or not, they should always strive to get more pens.

It's easy to say more pens, but it's not necessary to put them into practice.Poetry has many restrictions, it is more difficult to write than scattered characters, and it is difficult to retreat, and even rushing forward with joy, it will never be the majority in the crowd.So it would be nice to have some form of facilitation.The most reliable and most powerful is "interest", as the saying goes, "pleasure comes from the good".Li Xiangling quickly learned to compose poetry, partly because the author of the novel was willing to do so, but the important part was her interest.It's just that the nature of this promoting force is somewhat entangled, because when it comes, it often welcomes it after being able to do it, but it may not be willing to come.Perhaps it is for this reason that some people in the past would rather push the power of promotion outside themselves, that is, gather some like-minded people and set up poetry clubs.There are social classes in the society, just like the composition is handed in between the composition class in school now, no matter whether you are interested in writing or not, you must hand in it at that time.This form of organization has the advantage that in addition to submitting papers regularly, you can also observe and learn from each other.There are also shortcomings. What the times have brought is that this road is difficult.In the past, people who learned five characters and eight rhymes could pass the imperial examinations, so mediocrity and mediocrity became a ladder to climb up; today, it is better to write a few lines of scattered characters. Poetry, unless the author is a high-level, it is difficult to turn the text into print.No name and no profit, how many people are willing to do it?Therefore, even if it is not illegal to form a poetry club, it is always difficult to gather enough members.It is difficult to find a way outside of oneself, and the only way left is to ask oneself, that is, to imitate the spirit of the social class, set up self-teaching, such as two or three poems a week, and it must be completed when the time comes. If you can persist, you can Great benefit.This kind of self-sufficiency method will inevitably be a bit bitter at the beginning, but it will not be long, and the difficulty will become not very difficult, and then become easy. The so-called "where there is a will, there is a way" It's over.

There will be some problems along the way.I would like to talk about two major issues: one is about the subject matter of the new era; the other is about the style of the old era. Let me talk about the first one, the subject matter.Subject matter is something that arouses affection (and with it), or in short, what is written about.Personally speaking, I have nothing to write about what I have seen, heard, and experienced.So it should be said that the subject matter is unlimited.If there are still some restrictions, the restriction is that it must be able to arouse affection, and the affection aroused must be upright.Based on such a principle of treating people equally, the ancients wrote poems, selected poems, and evaluated poems, not only taking "Wang Shiwei reported to Dongjun, and Qiu Sheng painted corner mourning in the city", but also took "old wife's drawing paper as a chess game (read Ping Sheng) ), and the young child taps a needle to make a fishing hook", which is not only taken from "Crossing the Tianma to the south, a few people are really economical hands", but also from "Looking at the sideburns, try to return the flowers to the date, and then count the hairpins again".That is to say, the subject matter can relate to the society, or it can be limited to oneself; or in other words, it can be the safety and danger of the country, or it can be the sorrow and joy of an individual.In recent years, this principle of equal treatment seems to be no longer feasible; the new view is that works should be classified as high or low according to different themes, and those with social content are high, but only personal sorrows and joys are low.This change from the old to the new is most evident in selection and evaluation.It is easy to talk about selection, that is, take selection as an example.The scope of selection is very wide, taking Qijue of the late Tang Dynasty as an example.For the old anthology, I have "Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty" and "Anthology of Tang Poems", and for the new anthology, I only talk about a certain kind.Du Mu is a master at writing Qijue, "Send Yangzhou Han Chuo Judge" ("The green hills are faint and the water is far away, and the grass in the south of the Yangtze River is not withered in autumn. Twenty (reading tone) four bridges and moonlit nights, where can the jade people teach to play the flute.") is For his famous works, both old anthologies were selected, but the new anthology was not selected (presumably because the jade man is too far away from the state affairs), and Huang Chao's "Fu Ju" by Huang Chao (waited until Qiulai Jiu On the eighth day of the lunar month (read the tone), I will kill all the flowers after the flowers bloom (read the tone). The fragrance soaring to the sky lures Chang'an, and the city is full of golden armor.), this is obviously only caring about the subject matter, and nothing else.

The safety of the country is related to the safety of individuals, and it is easy to arouse some kind of affection, just as the flow of water and the fall of people are also easy to arouse some kind of affection.You can write if you want to, or say you have to write, this is the freedom that the author should have.I think "stay until autumn comes, September 8th" is good, which book to choose is the freedom that the chooser should have.The problem arises from the expansion of freedom to the extent of violating dissidents.The specific manifestations are: initially it is a comment, it is just a trivial matter around me, personal sorrow and joy, and the value is not high; the further is a requirement, the pen must write with social content, not always personal sorrow and joy.Yuanyuan can catch up with this kind of view that subject matter is superior to others, regardless of whether it is laborious or laborious.Specializing in poetry, I think this kind of non-discriminatory view is not appropriate, and it will have side effects.One of the reasons is that it will inevitably damage the freedom of expressing various emotions. If it is used for the ancients, the price of many works will be reduced. If it is used for the modern people, you have to choose to avoid it, and the avoidance is often the same. Easy to have and the most personal.The second reason, if you think about it carefully, you can find that social content is valuable because it is often related to the sorrow and joy of the majority, and most of them are just a collection of individuals; in other words, without personal sorrow and joy, social content becomes abstract. shelf.The third reason is that this abstract air is often manifested as a dichotomy between the real and the unreal. Specifically, it is easy to be real when calling for injustice, and easy to be inaccurate for calling for good.Examples can be found everywhere, such as "Three Officials", "Sanbie", "Qin Fuyin" and the like are grievances, sincerely; the numerous poems that should be made and test post poems are just praises, which are just stories.The fourth reason is to say that the story is not false. You can compare the following two groups:

First group Husband defended Pengmao to the death because of soldiers, and his clothes were scorched in hemp.When Sang Zhe was abandoned, he still paid taxes, and when the countryside was barren, he still collected seedlings.Pick wild vegetables and roots to cook from time to time, and burn them with firewood and leaves.No matter how deep the mountain is, there should be no way to avoid expropriation. (Du Xunhe's "The Widow in the Mountain") In the prime of life, the flag embraces thousands of husbands, and the golden scorpion rides (read ji) across the river at the beginning.The soldiers of the Yan army go to the silver beard at night, and the arrows of the Han Dynasty fly towards the golden servant girl.Chasing the past, sighing at the present, spring

The wind does not stain the white (read bo) mustache.But he exchanged ten thousand characters for Rong Ce in exchange for the owner's book on planting trees. (Xin Qiji's "Partridge Sky") Second Group Pteris fragrant Luobo (read bo) several times, Biwen dome is cracked late at night.Fancai Yuepo couldn't hide his shame, and the thunder of the car left without a word.It was once lonely, golden and dark, and there was no news (reading the tone) stone (reading the tone) of garnet.The spotted scorpion is only tied to the bank of the poplar, where is the southwest waiting for a good wind. (Li Shangyin)

Caixiu held the jade bell diligently, but she was drunk when she fought hard.Dance to the heart of the willow building and the moon, and sing to the end of the peach blossom fan.After farewell (reading the tone), we meet each other when we meet each other, and share the same dreams with you a few times.Tonight, I have left a photo of the silver scorpion, and I am afraid that the reunion is a dream. (Yan Jidao's "Partridge Sky") Two groups, one poem for each group. The two poems in the former group have social content, but the latter group does not. But in comparison, at least I think that the latter group is not inferior to the former group, not to mention the artistry. Just talking about the power of moving, it is always worth chewing on the taste of Yin in more detail, right?

So, back to the topic, learning to write, it is not necessary to follow the wind when it comes to the subject matter; you should follow the basics, poetry is to express affection, as long as it is true, you can pick up the pen and write. Let's talk about the latter one, a question of style.The style here is taken in a rough sense, specifically, the writing methods of poems are different in the nature of the times and schools, and they have already set off on the road. Which kind of footsteps should we follow?The problem is complex and difficult to explain in one word.The words of Mr. Qi Gong quoted above mean that the future is not as good as the past. I want to continue along this line.The latter is not as good as the former. There is more than one reason, and more than one aspect of expression. In order to simplify the complexity, I want to talk about only one aspect. I think the most worthy of consideration is that the "literary popularity" has increased with the passage of time. Relatively natural and level reduction.It's a pity that the literati who like this kind of spirit not only don't feel it, but follow it with all their heart.Before the Tang Dynasty, Mr. Qi Gong's so-called natural growth can not be mentioned.Starting from the Tang Dynasty, if sensory testing can be used to judge the superiority, then it is indeed not as good as the previous (this is just the fashion, not everyone).In this regard, poetry and words are in the same way, the first is straightforward, and the second is straight; the first is shallow, and the second is deep;Therefore, with sensory detection, it is manifested as a significant difference.Poetry in the Tang Dynasty can be appealed to the ear, or you can understand it as soon as you listen to it; after the Song Dynasty, it can't be done.If you want to appeal to the eyes, or if you don’t understand what you hear, you need to read; what’s worse, you can’t understand after reading, so you need to ask someone to explain it or look it up in a dictionary.The same is true of Ci. In the Tang, Five Dynasties, and early Northern Song Dynasty, you can appeal to your ears; in the Southern Song Dynasty, especially in the later period, you must read it;When writing poems, expressing emotions in words, the original intention is to convey them to others, but the result is that people don’t understand what they hear, and even don’t understand what they read. This is like making food without seeking to eat it, isn’t it absurd?But it is very strange that many literati in the old era did not think it was strange, but instead used mechanics and even flaunted it to form schools, such as the Jiangxi School of Poetry until the Tongguang Style in the late Qing Dynasty, and the Zhejiang School of Ci in the Qing Dynasty closely followed Wu Wenying.All the same, the wind that forms history is very powerful, and it is not easy to resist.Here, I don’t bother to say it, or even speak out loudly, just to resist this historical wind.Regarding this historical trend, from the perspective of literary history, it is too cumbersome. I want to use the method of reasoning based on facts, hoping that, as the saying goes, I am not afraid of ignorance, but afraid of comparing goods.The poems and words cited are divided into two groups.

The poem takes Qilu as an example, before: There are spring waters in the south and north of the house, but you can see flocks of gulls coming every day.The flower path has never been swept by guests, and the Pengmen is now opened for the king.Pan飧 City is far from having both tastes, and the bottle restaurant is poor with only old grains.Willing to drink with the old man next door, drink the rest of the cup from the fence. (Du Fu's "The Guest Arrives") rear: Yu Boshang discussed (read Ping Sheng) soldiers in the bullfight, and sent Yuan Rong to fight with battle axe.Dangjie (read the tone) the stars move to Longwei Road, Yazhang Fengfa (read the tone) Hutou City. The merman's egg households are counting, and Hai Ruotian and Wu line up to meet them.While conductor Lufan talked and laughed, Zhengnan was still an old scholar. (Qian Qianyi's "Gift to Tong Zhongcheng Huibai") If the Tibetan boat goes away in the middle of the night, it will be pitiful to shake Wu Jianghu.Close your eyes and the wind and waves move on the pillow, caressing the home country (reading the sound) forcing (reading the sound) in front of the lamp.The sound of snoring adds thunder to the adjacent couch, and the twilight canopy leaks the sun.The guests beside the Pipa Pavilion are close by, and they can see (read flat tone) the singing geese on the top of Wanfeng. (Chen Sanli's "Dawn Arrives in Jiujiang") Citing the longer words as an example, before: Sprinkle the river and the sky with the rain in the evening, and wash away the autumn.Gradually frosty wind is tight, Guanhe is cold, and the building is still in the afterglow.It is a place where the red is declining and the green is declining, and things are going away.Only the water of the Yangtze River flows eastward without a word.I can't bear to climb high and look far away, looking at my hometown for a long time, it's hard to return to my thoughts (read in flat tone).Sighing the traces of the years, what is the pain and drowning?Thinking of the beautiful woman, staring at the makeup building, missed a few times, and returned to the boat with the knowledge of the sky (read the tone).Fighting to know me, leaning against the railing, I am worried. (Liu Yong's "Eight Sounds of Ganzhou") rear: Embroidered mandarin duck columns, red love dense, greasy clouds low to protect the Qin tree.The fragrant roots are leaning on both sides, and the flowery shoots are combined (reading in a flat tone), and people in Jinping are jealous.The east wind sleeps feet (reading the tone) and crosses the branches, and Zhengmeng pillows the Yaochai swallows.The barrier is full of wax, and the photos are full of joy, and the toad is desolate and ashamed.The world feels lonely, Huaqing is used to bathing, and the spring is full of wind and dew.Even the maids are warm and united with one heart (read the tone), and go to Cheng En.Who is the song "Everlasting Regret", Dark Palace Lock, Autumn Lantern Night Talk?Reminiscing about the old days, living up to the Spring Festival League, the red dynasty and the emerald evening. (Wu Wenying's "Banquet in Qingdu") Watching the moon open the curtain to startle the rain, Wanye and Qiuhong are bitter.The frost soars and the geese fall, around the Cang wave road.With a sound, he reminded him to speak for others.Silver Candle (reading the tone) Golden Furnace Night, where is the dream?Boring here, travel soul block.Thinking of Shenjing, the ethereal is not smog.For old rivers and mountains, new songs and dances.It's a beautiful day and a good evening (reading in a melodious tone), it's strange to change the Huanian pillar lightly.Saiting is cold, Jiangguan is dark, and bells and drums are broken.On the side of the lonely and fading lamp, empty tears poured down.The sweet potato is separated from the clouds (reading the tone) to send sorrow. (Zheng Wenzhuo) Once you read it, you will know that the former is plain and natural, and you can understand it even if you close your eyes;There are also differences in the state of mind when writing: the first one is to convey emotion first, and the writing skills are second;It should be said that it is a bad habit of literati to pile up Chinese words and classics like this without asking people to understand. Although it has been done for thousands of years, we should also distinguish right from wrong, and make mistakes when we are not wrong. Finally, I would like to talk about whether you should have extravagant expectations when you are on the road, write a lot, and write for a long time, that is, to seek high achievements.This requires two boats: one is to be ambitious and never tire of learning, of course it is good; the other is to achieve high achievements not only by hard work, but also by talent, which is beyond your power.I have no choice but to ignore it, that is, as the saying goes, do your best and obey the destiny.What manpower seeks is passing grades, not getting married.What is a pass?It can be said from the perspective of a bystander, that is, when it is written, people who understand poetry can see it and feel that there is true feelings inside, and the outside can express clearly, and there are no mistakes in rhythm.