Chapter 26 24. External force

People do it instinctively, and making a living is extremely important, but it is not much, unless blood circulation, hair growth and so on are also counted.All daily activities, as small as thrush, as large as writing the "General Test of Documents", are all learned.Writing poems is of course no exception.Read 300 Tang poems by heart, know how to recite poems, know how to recite, and learn by familiarizing yourself with them.This principle has been said before, and there is no need to repeat it.Now we are going to focus on writing, and we can go into more detail about the situation where we must learn from external forces.

You can start by talking before writing.To write, there must be motivation, that is affection, the so-called "emotion is in the middle and expressed in the words", and the emotion must be in the middle before speaking.Emotional, perhaps pure instinct?But not all.It depends on what emotion is moving and how it moves.Wanting to eat delicious food, wanting to marry when seeing a beautiful woman, not wanting what you want, salivating, tossing and turning, is driven by emotion, and even expands, as if you can do it without learning. If it turns out to be like this, of course it can be classified as instinct.As for the stories like "Spreading Tears with Feeling Time", "An De (reading the tone) Yuanlong Baichilou", "Only the Yangtze River flows eastward without words", "The geese are passing by, and they are sad, but they are old acquaintances (reading the tone) ", this kind of emotion in the heart, at least I think, is only after reading the book, or it grows, condenses and becomes vivid.In this way, what we learn by familiarizing ourselves with poetry is not only a way to express our feelings, but also a path to cultivate our feelings. What is fluid becomes solidified, and what is blurred becomes vivid. You have to learn it, that is, to read more and more.Will such training activities cross the border and become what is supposed to be, or even pretend to be?It's also possible that if you groan without illness, it's like this. If you read too many poems and are familiar with them, Xue Pan and Jiao Da's ilk, it's not impossible to write a sentence or two, such as "the spring breeze chases again (read flat tone) apricot Flowers fly", "Xiangqin Luoqun, unresolved Dongjun's meaning" and so on.This is a counterfeit product, just like the fake wine and fake medicines that are popular now.How to ban?There is no way, because the true and false feelings are hard to see from the mediocre words.Fortunately, there is little profit in making such counterfeit goods. Even if they appear occasionally, there is no danger of flooding them.Poor scholars take care of themselves alone, we still only care about ourselves, we should, read, based on the emotion in the middle, push the boat along the current, make it grow, solidify, vivid, and become all kinds of poetic emotions that are on the verge of triggering, so that when you want to take a pen or Appropriate and sufficient capital is available when a pen is needed.

After you have enough emotional capital, you can talk about the capital of expression.It should be read more, and it can be read in various schools, but it is not a problem.I want to add something here, because I want to do it well--well, it's easier said than done!It's better to take a step back, if you don't want to be very laborious, then it's best to have a capital.Generally speaking, blood books are those that feel good when you read them, and you can't bear to put them down, so you recite them again and again, and thus they are firmly imprinted in your memory.This can be less; but not too little, as the saying goes, if you are rich and good at business, if you have too little, it will be difficult to do big business.Or to put it positively, is the more the better?Not necessarily, because firstly, we must do what we can; secondly, in terms of the tens of thousands of poems in "Quan Tang Poems", many of them are mediocre and even not enough for training, so of course they are not worth memorizing.As for the source of capital, it can be said that the more the better.Just to give a little example.

One, the most common, comes from preference when reading through.This is a bit like an anthology of poems compiled by selectors.The eldest, who chooses from it, thinks that "Guanju" and "Jianjia" are good, and is selected, recited, and stored in his mind.The following are the Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, until the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and even went down. Poems were collected by Yu Dafu, Ci by Yu Pingbo, etc. They all took medicine according to the prescription, and they pretended to be in their minds when they felt that they couldn’t bear to let go.Although this method comes from preference, it can be said to be impartial, just like the current bonus, everyone has a share.The advantage is that it has a wide range of aspects and is inclusive.

The other kind comes from deeper, and the preferred range is narrowed, from surface to concentrated to some points.This point can be a group of works, such as late Tang poems, Tang and Five Dynasties, and so on.And more often than not, people.It starts from the Wei and Jin Dynasties.The focus can be on three Caos, or one Cao, that is, Cao Zhi with more works.After that, you can also skip Ruan Ji, Zuo Si, etc., and jump to Tao Yuanming in one jump. "Fortunate luck is like this, and everything in the cup is used up", "relatives or lingering sorrows, others have already sung", this kind of taste should be chewed carefully, if you don't get through the door, you won't be able to eat it if you want to eat it in the future.Then came the Southern Dynasties. Erxie had a great name, Tao was light, and Xie Lingyun was strong. People have different tastes. If you allow me to recommend, it is better to read more about Xie Tiao.Later, in the golden age of poetry, the Tang Dynasty, there were many poets and many poems, and the choice should be in line with the middle way, or middle and strict.Of course, Li and Du must be invited to the superior position.Secondly, Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Wei Yingwu, and Liu Zongyuan (the so-called Wang, Meng, Wei, and Liu) should also be invited to accompany them.There are also those who should be regarded as honored guests, such as Bai Juyi, Li Shangyin, and Du Mu.When it came to poetry in the Song Dynasty, the popularity of literati increased. I thought it would be better to learn more from the people of the Tang Dynasty, but there are two people who must not be let go.If you still have some spare time, you can look at Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Huang Tingjian, Jiang Kui.After the Song Dynasty, my prejudice was to collect blood, so I don’t need to read it, because the literati became more popular, and the writings of famous writers such as Gao Qi, Wu Weiye, and Gong Zizhen were not as clear and clear as those of the people of the Tang Dynasty. This family and one style are fine, but if you learn it, the gains may not be worth the losses.Let me say some more words.There are quite a few writers in the Tang and Five Dynasties, but there are not many works, but their characteristics (simple and simple, the tone of a real singer) are distinct.Several great masters during the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Crossing, such as Eryan (Yan Shu, Yan Jidao), Ouyang Xiu, Liu Yong, Su Xin (Su Shi, Xin Qiji), Qin Guan, Zhou Bangyan, He Zhu, Li Qingzhao, Jiang Kui, are also suitable for both receive.Afterwards, famous artists in the Southern Song Dynasty, such as Shi Dazu, Wu Wenying, Zhou Mi, Zhang Yan, etc., all cut red and carved emeralds vigorously, and they no longer have the elegance of the Tang and Five Dynasties. My prejudice is that it is better not to learn.Also based on this prejudice, after the Song Dynasty, at least for the sake of learning, it is enough to read Nalan Chengde in the early Qing Dynasty.

The other one comes from the further narrowing of the preferred range, from concentrating on many to concentrating on a certain one.It's like singing Peking opera, at least for beginners, it can be, or should be suitable for, a certain sect of the ancestors, such as Laosheng Zongtan, Tsingyi Zongmei, Hualian Zongqiu, don't care about limitations, the picture is easy to succeed, and Can achieve great success.The same is true for poetry and lyrics, affection, expression methods, the so-called capital, can and should come from many aspects; but when it comes to use, at least when there is not much experience in writing, it is better to use a family first.Many people in the past were like this. Taking poetry as an example, some people took Du (Fu) as their foundation all their lives.There are also Zong Li Shangyin, such as the poets in Xikun style.There are also Zong Huang Tingjian, such as the poets of the Jiangxi School of Poetry.There are also Zong and Zong, such as Yuan Zongdao in the Ming Dynasty, who was nicknamed Bai Suzhai, which shows that Bai Juyi and Su Shi are the ones who yearn for poetry.Only a certain family is good, because I like it and want to learn, so I will dig deeper.On the surface, you will be familiar with it, and even most of the works will be recited, which will become a more powerful capital.We are now learning to compose poems, learn to write lyrics, and borrow external resources, so we might as well use this channel as well.Of course, the choice should be cautious, the family should not only be big, but also upright.For example, Du Fu, the poet, and Qin (Guan) Zhou (Bangyan), the poet, follow the trend, which is beneficial but not harmful.As for after the Song Dynasty, some poets, Huang Tingjian, and Lyricist Wu Wenying, showed off their elegance with simplicity, at least in my opinion, it did not benefit much and did harm.

The sources mentioned above are all authentic.But the rivers and seas don’t care about tricks, since the more sources the better (or the more money the better), then besides the serious and serious, miscellaneous places, if you see and think it is good, you should also accept it.The places other than the official scriptures refer to those that are not found in poetry collections, which can be close, those that can be seen in poetry and words, can be far away, and those that can be seen in notes, novels, etc.The place is miscellaneous, and the collection of armpits can make a coat, and the hands are diligent, and the income will not be small for a long time.Some of them, perhaps interesting, will be more instructive.As far as I still have a clear impression, let me give a little example.

Wen Qinming (Si), a layman in Hengtang... One night recruited more people, and several singers came out to serve wine. Among them, there was a song by a pair of maids, which said: "Containing smoke and dew, half brushing the railing and half reflecting the pool. I hate it the most. Floating like fluff every year, I don’t know where it is related to lovesickness.” (Zha Weiren’s "Lianpo Poetry Talk") The inscription on the incense tomb says: Great sorrow, boundless calamity.The short song ends, the bright moon is missing.There is green blood in Yu Yujia City.The blood is also sometimes exhausted, and the jade is also sometimes extinguished, and a ray of fragrance is never cut off.Is it Yefeiye?Turn into a butterfly.Another poem: "Wandering wind and rain are pitiful for life, and the fragrance and dream are blurred and green. The peaches and plums are all gone. It is unbearable to re-read (read the tone) Hu Hua Ming."

When Lu Jiang was not an official in the Southern Tang Dynasty, she tried the sick shop and dreamed of a woman in white. The lyrics persuaded him to drink, saying: "People in Yujing go to the autumn bleakness, and the painted eaves rise up and the phoenix trees fall. The pillow is quiet and silent, and the moon and the clear dream come true. The lamp is only on the back. Weeping in secret, the sound of the anvil is urgent (read the flat tone)? Meidai is a small hill, and the plantain is cold in the evening." (The case is "Bodhisattva Man". "Intelligent Words" volume)

At Yongxi Temple in Pingjiang, on a moonlit night, a guest heard the women's song "Huanxi Sha": "The rivers and mountains are full of memories of old travels, and the flowers and grass make the spring soft. The long pavilion houses the Mulan boat. Sweet dreams are easy to come with the flowing water, but the heart is still chasing (reading in flat tone) Xiaoyun is sad.Pedestrians should not go to the Wangjing Tower. "The voice is extremely sad. (Same as above) The two poems and the two words do not come from the right way.However, things are blurred and sincere, and the writing is done lightly, with an elegant taste, or aftertaste, chewing, so it is also suitable to be treated equally and stored in memory.

The external forces mentioned above are all works of poetry, which belong to the nature of samples and can be called direct.There are also indirect, equally important, notes and opinions about the work.Notes can broaden your knowledge, and opinions can increase your knowledge.When writing poems and lyrics, after getting started, if you want to improve and go deeper, it is very important to have a wide knowledge, and it is especially important to have a long knowledge.Because you have to seek good things, and you can’t get them. There are many conditions, one of which is very important. You must first know what is good and how to be good.This requires listening to people who have experienced it first.Those who have experienced hardships will have great insights and deep insights.Such great insights and profound insights, direct or concentrated, can be found in poetry and words; indirect or scattered, they can be seen everywhere.What can you read about poetry and words, as I have said before.Apart from poetry and poetry, there are many shops and there may not be what you want to buy, you can only rely on chance encounters while browsing.Here I want to use the method of seeing the whole panther with a glimpse, and give a little example to prove that some notes and comments, even if they are light, can sometimes be like Zen Gude's stick, which can make us go from superficial knowledge to deep knowledge, or directly. It is called "enlightenment".Such as: "Yelan is holding candles (reading the tone), relatively like a dream", Uncle Principle said, "There are silver lights left tonight, and I am afraid that meeting is a dream." This poem and words are also divided. (Liu Tiren's Interpretation of Qi Song Tang Ci. The poem quoted in the case is the last two lines of the first poem of Du Fu's "Three Poems of Qiang Village", and the words are the last two lines of Yan Jidao's "Partridge Sky".) The two sentences of "I don't know" are good in words, but I feel that they don't fit well in poetry.The style of words and poems is different, so you can refer to their news. (Kuang Zhouyi's "Hui Feng Ci Hua". The two sentences of "I don't know" are the last two sentences of Xin Qiji's "Partridge Sky": "I don't know how much muscle strength has weakened, but I feel (read the tone) that I am too lazy to go upstairs.") Poems and words have different artistic conceptions (also manifested as differences in terms).This is not, everyone admits that there is, but it is difficult to say clearly.The above two points are not clarified from the aspect of reason, but this comparison can enable us to realize something about reason.Another example: It is recorded in Guangling Rijian Dongpo said: "Tao Yuanming's meaning is not in poetry, but in poetry. "Picking chrysanthemums (reading the tone) under the east fence, looking at Nanshan leisurely", means both picking chrysanthemums and looking at the mountains. Here, there is nothing left behind, and it is not Yuanming's meaning. "Plucking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, and seeing Nanshan leisurely", means picking chrysanthemums by myself, without looking forward to the mountain, and it is suitable to raise your head to see it. This cannot be found between the fineness and roughness of the writing. ("Shi Lin Guang Ji" quoted "Chicken Help Collection") Zheng Gu was in Yuanzhou, and Qi Ji wrote poems about it. There is "Zaomei" which says: "In the deep snow in Qiancun, several branches bloomed last night." Gu said: "Several branches are not early, so it is worse than one." Qi Ji bowed down unconsciously.Naturally, Shihlin regards Gu as a word teacher. (Tao Yue's "Five Dynasties History Supplement") Compared with the subject matter and writing style, the two notes on the words used in poetry are worth pondering even though they are small sections.Another example: (Qin) Shaoyou entered the capital from Kuaiji and saw Dongpo.Poe asked what kind of words he would write, and Shaoyou said, "The small building connects the garden across the sky, and you can see the embroidered hub and carved saddle from below."Dongpo said: "The thirteen words can only be said to be passed by one person riding a horse in front of the building." Shaoyou asked Gong's recent works, but he cited "the swallow is empty in the building, where is the beauty, and the swallow in the empty lock building".Chao Wujiu said: "Just three sentences can tell the whole story about Zhang Jianfeng." Liu Sanbian (Liu Yong) disobeyed Ren Temple with his words, and the Ministry of officials refused to let go of changing officials.Yan Gong (Yan Shu) said: "Does Xianjun compose music?" Sanbian said: "It's just like Xianggong also composes music." Then retreat. ("Song Yan" quotes "Hua Man Lu") Two notes about the artistic conception of words, the former one talks about the difference between shallow and deep, and the latter one talks about the difference between elegance and vulgarity, both of which are worthy of in-depth understanding.Another example: "Caicai 芣苢" (the meaning of the case) means to say the words first, and also after the words, calmly and calmly, and naturally produce its atmosphere, that is, "Nineteen Poems (Ancient Poems)" in the five words, there are still people who have this meaning , Tao Ling (Tao Yuanming) is so poor that it seems that this is the end. "Picking chrysanthemums (reading the tone) under the eastern fence, and seeing Nanshan leisurely", "All the birds are grateful (reading the tone), and I also love my hut", which are not derived from Wei Yingwu's "Soldiers guarding forests and painting halberds, and swallows sleep with fragrance". Ask about it. (Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Poetry Talk") It’s plain to say, and it doesn’t use the wording. If a scholar talks homely words to his friends, he doesn’t pay attention to it, such as "a guest from afar, send me a pair of carp. Calling a child to cook carp, there is a plain book in it."As for Dengjiake, who learned to speak Mandarin, he used an accent. When he was not at home, it was like King Chen Si (Cao Zhi) "swimming in fish and diving in green water, flying birds in thin (read bo) and flying in the sky. It started to come out (read flat tone) strict Frost knot, Bai Luxi is here today." That's right.This work is flat and appropriate, with a sonorous tone, and it is inevitable to recite it.In the Wei and Jin dynasties, the common language and the official language were half the same, and Qi Liang's mouths were all in the official language.The official language uses force, and the homely language saves effort; the official language is gentle, and the homely language is natural.If the husband is not as good as the ancients, he will become superficial and vulgar.Today's workers who are close to the body are afraid that the official language is not professional and the accent is not strong. This is why they are muddled in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. (Xie Zhen's "Siming Poetry Talk") The two comments on poetry both advocate simplicity and nature, and say that the latter is not as good as the former.The question of whether it should be accepted or not is very complicated, because on the one hand, it violates the general rule that things change when time shifts; is not uncommon.Regardless of these here, just say that writing poetry, or expanding it into prose, is indeed a high level of simplicity and nature, but it is difficult to obtain, so it is worth pondering.Another example: Qin Shaoyou's "Treading Shasha" says: "The fog lost (read the tone) the towers, the moon is lost and the water is crossed, and there is no place to look for the Taoyuan. It can be said that the lonely house is closed in the cold spring, and the sound of the cuckoo is in the setting sun. Plum blossoms are sent by the post, and the fish is passed on.Fortunately, Chenjiang circled Chenshan, for whom did it go to Xiaoxiang? "(Su) Dongpo absolutely loves the last two sentences. Yu said that it is not as good as "the setting sun in the sound of the cuckoo". The main word in the Southern Tang Dynasty is "The fragrance of the stalks sells the remnants of the green leaves, and the west wind worries about the green waves." Thorough Yu Sheng Han", so it is not easy to know how to understand people. (Wang Guowei) Two comments about the quality of words and sentences are difficult to conclude, but they have the power to lead to deep understanding.How to express, the artistic conception is more poetic?It pays to be unpredictable. Miscellany mentioned earlier.It's not hard to come across thought-provoking opinions in this regard.Just two that come to mind. Although the word Su Xin is called together, Xin Shi wins Su.Su poetry hurts learning, and Ci hurts talent. (Miscellaneous Knowledge of Lushui Pavilion by Nalan Chengde) There is little human touch in Huang (Gu)'s poems. His poems only show skills, but the content is superficial. (Gu Sui's "Tuo'an Poetry Talk". Arranged according to the classroom speech records) These two can be called short words and long meanings.Su, not to mention learning, was always number one in the Song Dynasty.He picked up a pen and was used to using his talents and learning (though not showing off his learning), so he couldn't write "Thinking of the king makes people grow old, and the years are too late", "All the birds are grateful (reading the tone), I I also love my house" kind of smell.I can't write it because I'm not crazy enough.In this regard, Huang is even worse, because when he picked up the pen, what he wanted was not to describe the emotions that moved him in a plain and natural way, but "no word has no history".In this regard, these two famous writers are worse than the authors of "Midnight Song" and "Du Qu Ge" that they probably look down upon. So far, a lot has been said about the various external forces that can be used and should be used, and some supplementary opinions should be added, which cannot be taken away.External forces, that is, in terms of various opinions, sometimes cannot coordinate or even conflict with each other.They conflict with each other, and they cannot all be right. Whether they are right or not, whether to accept it or not is up to you to judge.This cannot be without knowledge.The way to grow knowledge is still as I said, learn and think, think and learn.The stones of other mountains come into the door from learning, and where they are placed depends on thinking.Thinking is a kind of mental activity to evaluate right from wrong and to decide whether to choose or not.This must, this, from the perspective of others, may be inappropriate or even wrong.But as a human being, you should not take what you don't believe in; there is only one way, so you have to go on calmly.