Chapter 16 14. Obscure characters

Ao, meaning awkward, not smooth.According to the nearest poem, the qualified rhythm means the sound is smooth, and the unqualified rhythm means the sound is not smooth. The meaning of "together" needs to be clarified, as in the following verses: (1) (2) There is no problem in calculating. (9) (10), the key double numbers should be flat and narrow, and there is no problem if they do not match. (3) (4) is one, three, five, etc. Not only are we accustomed to it, but we also admit that we can ignore it, saying that it is inconsistent (obstinate), which obviously violates the principle that the law does not blame the public, so this book classifies it as a flexible one. Class, that is, it is not obtrusive.In the same way, (7) and (8) are all changed from flat to flat, and the key double numbers are moved, but first, it is preferred by poets and is often used, and the principle of law should not be blamed. Second, flat to change Flat, it might as well be regarded as the remedy of this sentence, so this book also classifies it into the category of flexibility, that is, it is not obtrusive.In this way, there are only (5) and (6) left. The third character is used in the five characters, and the fifth character is used in the seven characters.If it is not in harmony, it is tantamount to upgrading the three-five, which is the same as the two-four-six; what's more, it is not unique in the poems of the past.What is the deal?There are two difficulties: first, it is a bit awkward to read; second, compared with the mediocre format, the number is much smaller.The number is small, my experience is that the author deliberately avoided it.As a last resort, you can't avoid it. Some people, like Du Fu, tried their best to remedy it, such as:

Sunset · Release the boat to reflect the steps and green grass · Spring scenery Breeze·Long Waves Late Oriole·Kong Haoyin Both the previous sentence should be flat and flat, and the next sentence should be flat and flat.In this way, considering: firstly, it is not pleasant to read, secondly, it is a big effort to avoid it, and thirdly, writing poetry is a matter of carving dragons, and we always try our best to be perfect. Tend to see it as a disagreement, that is, pile up to the other side. There is also a boundary problem between awkward characters and awkward styles, but it is not difficult to solve.You can look outward to see how many obfuscated characters are there: if it is not obtrusive style, the amount of obfuscated characters is always not large;You can also look inward to see if it’s intentional: if you don’t bend the body, if you bend it once in a while, it’s usually because you still want to remedy it (relief); if you deliberately bend the body, it’s not the case, because the intention is to make this awkwardness, of course there is no remedy .

Let me talk about the obfuscated words first, there are mainly the following types: 1. The third character of the five characters is stubborn, no remedy.Such as: Years · Already Coke Ba Guoshan River is exhausted Gao Guang stays in Jingmen and the smoke opens 2. The third character of the five characters is bend, remedy.Such as: Ancient Shu · Yellow leaves fall from time to time · Flowers fall Awe-inspiring · Leaving the old customs and following far away · Fragrance of flowing water Three, the fifth character of the seven words is stubborn, no remedy.Such as: Retirement from the imperial court, five-color imperial edict, buried path of flowers and plants in Wu Palace

Pei Sheng Returns to Fengchitou Jin Dynasty Clothes Cheng Guqiu 4. The fifth character of the seven words is bend, remedy.Such as: Qingchuan Lili·Hanyang Trees and Grass Colors·After the Drizzle The fragrant grass is luxuriant, the flowers and branches of Yingwu Island are about to move, and the spring wind is cold Five, five words and double numbers are stubborn, no remedy.Such as: Rain Washing Mountain·Wood Wet Sunset Pool·Shangju The breeze in the Yaming Pool Pavilion relaxes Six, five characters and double numbers, remedial.Such as: Mid-Aged Possibly A Good Way You Ying Every Day

Late Home South·Mountain Frontier Qinghui Photo·Clothes Seven, seven words and double numbers are stubborn, there is no remedy.Such as: Heng·Jiangguan Former Tianjin History Welcomes Talented Persons·Cong Shangshan Lao Pointing to Yu Dong that Hai Yunsheng entrusted him with the enlistment of Ye Xiacai Eight, seven words and double figures, remedial.Such as: South Crossing Guishui Que Boats Fusang West Branches Broken Stones The North·Guiqin River has many drums and weak waters, the East·Shadow Follower·Changliu. The above only give representative examples for the sake of simplicity, and the rest can be analogized.The rest refer to various changes, which are difficult to enumerate and are not worth enumerating.This is because there are many authors, each of whom has his own temper, or because of a moment of nervousness, or because of a moment of indiscretion, or because of a mistake in copying, so the poems are similar in style, and sometimes there are sentences that are far from the norm.Taking five-character regulated poems as an example, it is not uncommon to use four-square sentences, and even some five-character sentences.Such as:

Zee Zee Zee Zee Zee Zee In personnel affairs, there are metabolizers and there are no ambitions Gao Geke actually went to avoid this place I love Taiyizi Xiang Wan feels unwell In addition, the so-called rescuing can also be extended to the opposite of the same position. For example, Mr. Wang Li's "Poems and Metrics" cited "wild fire burning endlessly, spring breeze blowing again" as an example, saying that the fourth word in the previous sentence should be flat And 奇, so the third character in the next sentence should be used for rescue. In this way, the prescriptions for curing diseases will be many and complicated.Because I am a beginner in imitation, I don’t need to make so much trouble, so I won’t talk about it.

Let's talk about stubborn body.Obfuscated characters, when using a certain word, when the sound and meaning cannot be coordinated, it is rare to have both, and the sound gives way to the meaning.This is a last resort, and I would feel regretful if I think about it.It's not the case with awkward body, but I'm used to following the rules, feel bored, and deliberately mess around.Following the rules and doing nonsense are two opposite behaviors, but people sometimes lose their temper unavoidably, and they are willing to keep this seemingly difficult taste in their hearts, and put them on the table like mushrooms and stinky tofu .For such an explanation that is close to condemnation, we can ask the poet Du Fu to come forward to testify. He is proud of being "fine in poetry", but he just likes to make seven rhythms in awkward style.The following two songs are familiar to many people.

Love Ru Yushan·Grass·Tang Jing, Gao Qiu is refreshing and fresh.Sometimes the bell and chime will ring spontaneously, and the setting sun will see the fishermen and woodcutters.Exploitation of white crow · Tanikou millet, rice · boiled green · mud · workshop · bottom celery.What is Xi·Zhuangwang·Geishi, Chai·Menkong·Duosuo·Songyun. ("Cui's Dongshan Thatched Cottage") Yeyuan Bamboo·Pi·Wu·Shixun, Cave·Door Dui·Liu·Chang·Yin Yin.Fall, flowers and gossamer, quiet day, singing doves and milk swallows, deep youth.Decaying Confucianism is late, absurdly familiar with the book, and returning to food is late, violating one's heart.Dagon's job has never been filled with one word, and Xu Shen is ashamed to compare with Shuang Nanjin. ("The Wall of the Provincial Intermediate Court")

The first one is of Qilu (4) type (the first sentence is flat and does not rhyme), and there are obfuscated words in each sentence, and there are three flats at the end (fresh and new, fishermen and woodcutters), especially the fourth sentence, the flatness is flat It's plain and plain, obviously looking for awkwardness on purpose.The latter song can be presumed to be of the Qilu (2) type (the first sentence starts from the same level and enters the rhyme), and there are obfuscated words in every sentence, with three flats and three sees at the end (changyinyin, deep youth, double south gold), and the first five consecutive sentences On the whole, it was obvious that he was deliberately looking for awkwardness.This does not conform to the rhythm of modern poetry, why is it not called ancient style poetry?Because it still uses the shelf of regulated poetry; moreover, although ancient style poetry has less restrictions on rhyme and balance, there are still no deliberately awkward things like awkward style.

There are also heptadic poems that are half inflexible and half in rhythm, such as: People in the past have gone by the Yellow Crane, and there is nothing left here, the Yellow Crane Tower.Once the yellow crane goes away, it will never return, and the white cloud is empty for thousands of years.Qingchuan Lili·Hanyang trees, fragrant grasses·Pingwu Island.Where is Rimu Township Pass?The Yanbo River makes people worry. (Cui Hao's "Yellow Crane Tower") August, September, reeds, and flowers fly, and the old man in Nanxi hangs and returns from fishing.Akiyama enters · curtain · emerald · drop, wild boat leans · threshold · cloud · yi · yi.But I searched for a small path with my fishing rod, and combed my white hair to face Xiehui.It turned out that Si Hao had been troublesome, and he came out to decide right and wrong for the crown prince. (Zhang Zhihe "The Fisherman")

They all jumped out of the rhythm in the first half, and entered the rhythm in the second half. To make awkward style poems, the seven rhythms are generally used.Occasionally useful other entities, such as: Taoism, Shiye, recite the pistil and pearl scriptures, and listen to the white, under the crane, around, incense and smoke.Night · Shifting Scriptures · Exhausting People · Crane, Sky · Wind Blowing · Entering · Green · Dark · Underworld. (Bao Rong's "Gift to Yang Lianshi") This poem can be of Qijue (1) type (the first sentence starts in rhyme), or it can be Qijue (2) type (the first sentence starts in rhyme). If it is the former, The dotted word 拗; if it is the latter, the circled word 拗. This is roughly the case of modern-style poetry. The purpose of introducing it is: first, since there is such a thing, you should know what it is; Be more secure; third, know that bending the body is deliberately looking for awkwardness, like riding a donkey upside down while traveling in the mountains. Although you can get a moment of ecstasy, it is not common after all.In my opinion, including obfuscation, it is best to avoid it.That is to say, the theory and method of "rescue", I agree with Mr. Qi Gong's opinion, if the pronunciation of a word is wrong, you can't save it with another wrong method, you can only say "accompany".So the best way is still good.This is sometimes quite difficult, but if you use your brain, it is not impossible to get it by chance.