Chapter 14 12. Modern Poetry Metrics

The last article talked about laying the foundation, a kind of foundation, read more, the purpose is to accumulate over time and cultivate proficient expression skills, which requires diligence and not too short a time.It's difficult, at least it's not easy.But it is very strange, those who intend to imitate, as far as some people I know, do not complain about the difficulties in one aspect, but the difficulties in the other.Difficulties on the other hand generally include two types.One is that you can’t tell the difference between flat and flat tones. My experience doesn’t refer to what is flat tones or flat tones in general, but refers to some words, which still have poetic rhymes. I don’t know whether they are flat tones or flat tones.The other is not knowing the rhythm, such as the simplest five-character quatrains, not knowing how to arrange the first sentence evenly; and even if you already know that it is melody, you don’t know how to continue the second sentence.The purpose of distinguishing between mediocre and mediocre is to qualify the law, so it may be called the difficulty of this aspect as the difficulty of rhythm.Is the difficulty of Metrics really worth shouting about?I don't think it's worth it.It is not worth shouting because, compared with the difficulty of reading more, the difficulty (or knowledge) in this aspect is clear and specific, so it is like a hard stick, which cannot be chewed.In fact, because it is clear and specific, and easy to grasp, it is not difficult, or not as difficult as imagined.This view can be supported by comparisons.On the one hand, you can compare the books and rhythms that you need to read. There are at most three or two books;On the other hand, you can compare the completion time, rhythm, and my experience. A small number of numbers belong to mediocrity. You may as well hold your feet temporarily and check "Shiyun" or old calligraphy books. For some common flexible situations, as long as you are willing to drill and work a little, it will be enough in less than a month; as for reading more, as mentioned earlier, it will take several years to persevere with the remaining time.It's not difficult to say it this way, but I think you used the Song people's method of waiting for a rabbit to catch it by yourself, and you have to hum for a few days.Impatient, sitting and waiting but the rabbit does not come to touch the plant, so I can't get rabbits, so I feel too difficult.

Some people may say that it is so easy to say that you are familiar with the meter, it is deliberately making the big thing small, choosing the rough and discarding the fine.Big, fine, I think it refers to many books in the past.This kind of books, such as Tang Bai Juyi's "Golden Needle Poems", Jiaoran's "Poetry", Qing Wang Shizhen's "Lyric Poetry Dingti", Zhao Zhixin's "Tone Spectrum", Japan Bianzhao King Kong's "Wen Jing Mi Fu Lun", etc., are very famous.I know these things, why make big things into small things?It is because of the following considerations: 1. Some teachings for deep understanding, such as distinguishing up, down, and entering of melodious sounds, and distinguishing clear and turbid sounds, even if they are not created out of nothing, they are always too detailed. , it is better, at least for the time being, to put it down; second, for the sake of beginners of "being a poet in other things", it is best to be humble and insignificant. Take the rough and discard the special and cumbersome. After getting started, move forward. If you are interested, it is not too late to look at the special and cumbersome.

Of course, even the outline of the meter cannot be explained clearly in a few words.There are two ways to deal with it: one is not to ask your neighbors, which will be explained in detail here;Both extreme approaches have disadvantages.In detail, there are two things wrong: one is inconsistent with the nature of the book, because as the title indicates, the focus of this book is on how to read and write, not on rhythm; This kind of common sense book.If you don't talk about it, it seems to be missing something, and even how to write it becomes "in the void".The two extremes are incompatible, and the limit must be a compromise. The middle way is: here is an outline; if you want to know more about it, please find one or two books on meter.Let's talk about finding books first.Such a book, I think, Mr. Wang Li's "Poetry Metrics" (published by Zhonghua Book Company) is concise and concise. If you don't have much time and don't ask for much, you can make do with this book.Mr. Qigong wrote a book called "On the Pronunciation of Poetry, Prose, and Rhythm", which was also published by Zhonghua Book Company. It is handwritten and photocopied.Mr. Wang Li also wrote a book "Chinese Poetry and Rhythm", which is in-depth in nature. Beginners, or just want to express their occasional strong feelings in a flat and flat way, in order to get a moment of ecstasy, at least I think , It is also good not to follow the deep drilling.Let me talk about it again, that is, to make an outline, which is the main text of this article, and I will talk about it slowly below.

Poems include ancient style (and the following four-character style, which are generally not covered), and modern style. The style of the modern style is strict, and the strict style is clearly explained, and the non-strict style is easier to speak.So let's start with the close body.Compared with ancient style poetry, modern style poetry is a poem with strict rhythm, so it can also be called regulated poetry in the early days, including eight-line regulated poetry and four-line quatrains. From the later habit, only eight sentences are called regulated poems. The level of pronunciation and how to coordinate the level have already been mentioned when talking about reading, so I won’t repeat them.Modern poetry is divided into three categories in terms of the number of sentences: a poem with 4 sentences is a quatrain, a poem with 8 sentences is a verse, and a poem with more than 8 sentences is a quatrain.Quatrains and verses are often used, and rhythmic lines are rarely used.Quatrains and verses, in terms of the number of words in a sentence, there are two types: five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains (six-character quatrains are rare), and the two are multiplied to form four types: five-character quatrains, seven-character quatrains, five-character verses, and seven-character verses.Rhythms are almost all five-character; the number of sentences, except for the test post, 12 sentences in Tang Dynasty (called five-character and six-rhyme), and Qing people's 16 sentences (called five-character and eight-character rhyme), there is no limit, as long as the rhymes are combined into pairs Just count.Almost all the types of similar styles rhyme with level rhyme, and the rhyme characters only use one rhyme (the first sentence sometimes uses adjacent rhyme, not many), otherwise it will be counted as rhyme, which is a foul.The following is about the rhythm, from simple to complex, starting with five-character quatrains (in the attached poems, some words are flexible).

Wujue (1) The first sentence does not rhyme Zhang Hu's "He Manzi" Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping The homeland is three thousand miles away Pingping, Pingping, Pingshen Palace, 20 Years He Manzi Zee Zee Ping Ping Shuang Tear Falling Jun Front This level tone is a standard or ideal format, that is, all characters are suitable.In fact, there are very few such words, because non-keywords are unavoidable to accommodate the meaning of the word, and there is also the so-called "折" (to be discussed later).The so-called "Zeqi" and "Pingqi" mean that the second word in the first sentence is a syllable or a flat tone (two syllables are a unit, and the latter one is the focus, as mentioned earlier), and the first sentence is arranged in a flat tone. It is one form; flat rise, the flat arrangement of the whole head is another form.The first sentence can be rhymed or not, and it is common for five characters not to rhyme; whether it rhymes or not only affects the arrangement of the first sentence, and the rhyme becomes flat and flat.The last words of the second and fourth sentences must rhyme (indicated by adding a circle).As far as the order of front and back is concerned, the singular-number sentence must be "paired" with the double-number sentence below it, that is, flat to flat, and flat to flat; The next odd-numbered sentences should also be flattened, the even-numbered sentences should be flattened, and the next odd-numbered sentences should also be flattened.The purpose of sticking is also to seek change, that is, the flat and oblique arrangement of the two couplets does not repeat.In this way, take the third sentence of the five juxtapositions as an example, because one, it must be flat, and two, it must be flat, so it has to be changed from flat to flat, and then the fourth sentence becomes flat. Flat to flat to flat.What the meter should be and why it is, is just a little bit, so it is quite easy to learn.There is also an easier way, which is to memorize what should be, without asking why. In that way, an hour is enough, right?The second is to do a trial, fill in the format with Chinese characters. If you don’t know if it is correct, you can focus on checking three aspects: on the one hand, you need to check if you can’t remember a certain character clearly; on the other hand, whether the rhyme word belongs to Rhyme, if you are not sure, you have to check it; there is another aspect, in case of loss of stickiness, you need to check whether the first and fourth sentences, the second and third sentences, have the same level and level, the same , Yes, it is wrong to be different.The above situation is clear, you can go on to memorize several other formats.

Wujue (2) The first sentence is flat but not in rhyme Li Duan's "Listening to the Zheng" Ping Ping Ping Zing Ming Zheng Golden Millet Pillar Zee Zee Ping I want to win Zhou Langgu Pingping, Zheping, Whisking by mistake in normal times, Strings Wujue (3) The first sentence starts from the same level and enters the rhyme Wang Ya's "Gift from a Boudoir" Ping Ping Zing Zhe Ping Hua Ming Qi Mo Spring Zhe Zhe Zheping Pingliu Fuyugou New To repay Liaoyang guests Pingping, flat, light, people Wujue (4) The first sentence starts from the rhyme and rhymes with "Geshu Ge"

Flat, flat, flat, Big Dipper, high Ping Ping Zhe Zhe Ping Geshu Night Belt Knife So far, I have glimpsed the herding horse Zhe Zhe Zheping Ping dare not cross Lin Tao The first sentence of Qijue is usually in rhyme, and there are also 4 formats. Qijue (1) The first sentence begins with a rhyme in Wang Changling's "The Resentment of the Spring Palace" Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Last night the wind opened the dew well Peach Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Weiyang front hall moon wheel high Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Yang's new favorite song and dance Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping, brocade and robes given by spring cold outside the curtain

Qijue (2) The first sentence starts from the same level and enters the rhyme "Liangzhou Song" by Wang Han Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Grape Wine Luminous Cup Zee Zee Ping Ping Zee · Ping wants to drink the pipa immediately · Remind Drunk and lying on the battlefield, Jun Moxiao Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping how many people fought in ancient times? Back Qijue (3) The first sentence does not rhyme "Recalling Yangzhou" by Xu Ning Pingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingxiaoniang's face is too thin to contain tears Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Peach Leaf Eyebrows Long and Easy to Feel Sad

Flat, flat, flat, the world is three points bright moon night Ping Ping Ze Ze Ping Ping Erfen rogue is Yang Zhou Qijue (4) The first sentence does not rhyme Du Fu's Quatrains Two orioles singing green willows Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping a row of egrets on the blue sky Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Window contains the snow of Xiling Qianqiu Ze Ze Ping Ping Ze Ze · Ping Men Bo Soochow Wanli · Boat Rhythm Poems, in terms of format, are nothing but repetitions of quatrains (except for the rhyme of the first sentence, the fifth sentence should be replaced with a flat foot).In order to follow the picture, it is easy to memorize, and to avoid resignation fees, I also write it out.Like quatrains, it is common for the first sentence of five-character sentences not to rhyme, and for the first sentence of seven-character sentences to rhyme.Let me talk about the five laws first, which are also 4 formats.

Five Rhythms (1) The first sentence is flat and does not enter the rhyme Wang Wan's "Ci Bei Gu Shan Xia" Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ke Lu Qingshan Pingping Zeze · Parallel Boat Green Water · Front flat flat flat tide flat on both sides wide Flat, flat, flat wind and straight sail, hanging flat flat flat sea day life residual night Ping Ping Zhe Ping Jiangchun into the old New Year Where can I get the book Zhe Zhe Zhe Ping Ping Guiyan Luoyang Bian Five Rhythms (2) The first sentence is flat but not in rhyme Li Bai's "Sending Friends" Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Qingshan Hengbei Guo

Zee Zee Ping Ping Baishui Burning East City Zee, flat, here, one is farewell Ping Ping Zhe Zhe Ping Gu Peng Wan Li Zheng Ping Ping Ping Zhe Floating Cloud Wanderer Pingping, Pingping, Pingxia, old friend, love Hey, hey, hey, he waved his hands away Ping Ping Zhe Zhe Ping Xiao Xiao Pan Ma Ming Five Rhythms (3) The first sentence is flat and rhyme Li Shangyin's "Wind and Rain" Ping Ping Zing Ping Desolate Sword Piece Flat, flat, flat, poor, years Flat flat flat yellow leaves still windy Ping Ping Zhe Zhe Ping brothel self-pipe string mediocre mediocre mediocrity mediocre mediocre mediocrity mediocrity Ping Ping Ping Ping Xin Feng Wine Ping Ping Zhe Ping Xiaochou and how many thousands Five Rhythms (4) The first sentence starts from the beginning and enters the rhyme. Ping Ping Ping Ping unique official travels people Pingping, Pingping, Phenology, New Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Yun Xia Dawn Zee Zee Ping Ping Plum Willow Crossing the River Spring Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Shuqi reminds the yellow bird Pingping, flat, sunny, green, apple I heard the old melody suddenly Zee Zee Ping Ping Gui Si Yu Zhan Towel Qilu also has 4 formats. Seven Rhythms (1) The first sentence starts from flat and rhymes in Li Shangyin's "Jinse" Zhe Zhe Ping Zhe Zhe Ping Jinse Unprovoked Fifty Strings Flat, flat, flat, one string, one pillar of thinking, year Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Wang Di Chun Xin Tuo Cuckoo Zee-chae-chae-chae-chae Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Lantian Sun Warm Jade Health Smoke Pingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingping this feeling can be a memory Zee, flat, flat, flat, but at that time, I was at a loss. Qilu (2) The first sentence starts from the same level and enters the rhyme Lu Lun's "The Late Times of Ezhou" Ping Ping Zing Zing Ping Ping Yunkai Vision Hanyang City Zee, flat, flat, flat is still a lonely day, Cheng Ease Ease Ease Ease Ease The merchant sleeps day and knows the waves Ping Ping Zing Zing Ping Pingzhou people night language feel tide · life Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Sanxiang worrying about autumn scenery 差凰平几函·Ping Wanli Returning to the Moon·Ming Even the old days are over Ping Ping Zing Zing Ping Ping is even more comparable to the sound of drums on the river Qilu (3) The first sentence is flat but not in rhyme Du Fu's "Wild Hope" Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Xishan Baixue Three Cities Garrison Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Nanpu Qingjiang Wanli Bridge Flat, flat, flat, dusty brothers in the sea Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Tianya Tears All over Ping Tianya mediocre mediocre mediocre mediocre mediocre mediocre mediocre mediocre mediocrity I will ask for sickness Pingping Pingping Pingping · Ping Wei Wu Juan Ai Da Sheng · Pilgrimage Zee, flat, flat, flat, sharp eyes when riding a horse out of the suburbs mediocre mediocre mediocre mediocre unbearable Qilu (4) The first sentence does not rhyme Du Fu's "The Pavilion Night" Ching, flat, flat, yin and yang at the end of the year, a short scene Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Tianya Frost Snow Chill Night Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Zeze, flat, flat, the shadow of the Galaxy in the Three Gorges moves, shakes Flat flat flat plain flat crying thousands of families heard about the war Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Yi song several fishing · woodcutter Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Crouching Dragon Leaping Horse Ends Loess There are 4 kinds of poems in the form of five unique styles, four kinds of seven unique styles, four kinds of five rhythms, and four kinds of seven rhythms. There are 16 types in total. They are standard or ideal. If you can "recite", As for some workarounds, such as regardless of one, three, five, etc., rescue and cursing, you only need to "understand" what is going on, and you don't need to recite it, so all in all, it is not difficult. Rhythm is rarely used, and the format is nothing new, but the part between the first couplet and the last couplet is enlarged, and the number of antithetical sentences is increased according to the habit of rhythmic poetry. Finally, the ideal format does not mean the impossible format.However, if you want to realize it, the meaning of the word and the sound of the word are often incompatible (meaning is used, sound is not used), and you have to work hard to change; changing, sometimes it is not difficult, sometimes it is difficult.There are very few people who are willing to work so hard to write poetry, so occasionally there are perfect works, probably by coincidence.Therefore, if you want to look for some, even quatrains are rare, and it is even more difficult to find verses.The following poems are found from the book at hand, so they can be prepared for chatting. Five Uniques (3) The flower branches come out (read the flat tone) to build chapters, and the phoenix tube sends out (read the flat tone) Zhaoyang.May I ask the benefactor, how long are the two moths? (Huang Furan's "Jie's Complaint") Qijue (1) Every year Jinhe Fuyuguan, Chaochao horse policy and knife ring.The white (read bo) snow returns to the green mound in three springs, and the Yellow River circles the black (read he) mountain for thousands of miles. (Liu Zhongyong's "Recruitment of People") Five Laws (1) Walking all over Xijiao Road, first boarded Wanghai Tower.The golden beast at the heavy gate is dark, and the ancient cypresses and green clouds are thick.The structure has been around for thousands of years, and if (same wandering, read chang) pretends to be a hill.Injured spring has no meaning, and I drowned with my son. (Qi Gong's "Traveling in Diaoyutai with Friends, Gaijin's Paradise, and the Wanghai Tower Site is Here") Seven Laws (4) Twilight teeth should be visitors every year, and new poems are in front of my heart.In the west, there is only Wushengren, who can still sing with his hands behind his back when fleas rise.In leisure time (reading the tone) when I go up the building, I only look around, and I can distinguish the general business sound of the song by the wind.Stop the cup and sit alone (read the tone) as usual, this leisurely memory of bamboo (read the tone) forest. (Ma Fu's "Sunday") For example, how to treat this standard format?My opinion is to focus on the affection you want to express, and adapt to the convenience. You don't have to force it to be flat and perfect, so that you can fit your feet.However, if you are interested and are willing to take the trouble to come here, at least as a practice, just for fun, you might as well try it.But this is like eating bird's nest and shark's fin. According to ordinary people, it can be done occasionally but not often.