Chapter 13 11. Groundbreaking

After reading too many poems, it is inevitable that I want to try it with a pen.People, especially things that can be done without doing have something to do.There are many kinds of things you want to try.One is arty, in the vernacular, let people see, "I can also compose old poems and lyrics, which shows that I have high attainments and versatility." Feelings like "thinking in ordinary life" or "being haggard for Yi Xiaode (reading the tone)", reading other people's books, borrowing other people's wine glasses to pour oneself into a pile, not direct, or not enough to eat, so I had to use my own pen.There is another kind, which has a bigger appetite, has feelings, expresses itself, but is still not satisfied, and aspires to write more and write well, in order to follow Li, Du, follow Wu Qin, and Zhou, and occupy a place in the literary history written by the next generation. on the grounds of.Here, regardless of the level of what you do, you can only talk about actions. Anyway, you have to take a pen and write.Writing is not as easy as buying one or two Tang poems, Song Ci appreciation dictionaries, etc. You just need to have money in your pocket; you need much more capital than paper and pen.This article wants to talk about the most basic capital, which can be divided into two aspects: internal and external.

Let me talk about guilt first, which refers to the psychological state or life attitude.Ouyang Xiu's words: "Life is full of love and infatuation, and this hatred has nothing to do with the wind and the moon." The word "love and infatuation" shows that the capital in it is the most suitable.There must be affection, but it is not enough; it is the best to be ignorant.Idiots are so completely disregarded that they cannot be reasoned about. "Looking up at the bright moon, bowing your head and thinking about your hometown" is affectionate; "Remember (reading the tone) the green skirt, pity the grass everywhere" is affectionate to the point of infatuation.Love infatuation is the capital of poetry for two reasons: first, from the perspective of antecedents, it is the driving force; second, from the perspective of consequences, it is a necessary condition for a good poem.

Let me say it is the driving force.Citing old texts as evidence, "Mao Poetry Preface": "A poet, what he wants to do , so I will always (sing) sing, never sing enough, and I don’t know how to dance with hands and feet.” That is to say, there are deep feelings that cannot be suppressed, so they must be expressed; expressed in words (speaking) Not enough, so we have to sing and sigh, that is, to express it in the form of poems, such as "My fair lady, I am so long for it".Our common sense also supports this view.People's hearts are different, each is like its face.Some people are soft-hearted and easy to be emotional. When they think of the floating world and see Luoying, they can't help but burst into tears. They have the power to bind a chicken and can't bear to kill them. Wishing people a long life, thousands of miles of cicadas together", etc., if such a person is also familiar with Pingpingpingpingping, then he or she will be "forced" to write poems or lyrics to express what is in his heart.Some people are so hard-hearted that they don’t care much about themselves that “the grass grows outside the door, so you can hear the horse’s neighing” and they don’t care about being punished or even jumping off a building. Such a hero probably can’t think of composing poems and lyrics, because he has no emotional needs Express.Zhonglin Daiyu wrote poems, but the silly elder sister didn't. In addition to the difference in education level, it is also the reason why she is infatuated or infatuated.This is one, viewed from the human side.The same is true from the perspective of works. Du Fu's "Three Poems of Qiang Village", "Ye Lan is holding a candle (reading flat tone), relatively like a dream", "After singing, I look up to the sky and sigh, and the four seats are full of tears". Afterwards, Wang Can Tobacco is in a downturn", "The small building was windy last night, and the old country (reading the tone) can't bear to look back in the moonlight" are all words and tears, so to write it, you can borrow a line from "Zhuangzi · Tianxia" The words explain that it is "the other is full, and there is no way to stop", that is, the idiom so-called can't stop.So we can say that it is rare to write poems without being infatuated, or that "good" poems are rare to write.

This transitions to the second reason, love and infatuation is a necessary condition for a poem to be written.It starts with "if you have spare power, learn literature".Poetry is one form or two forms of prose, which have similarities and differences with prose.Specializing in differences, apart from the rhythmic and non-metrical shells, the important difference lies in the relationship with emotion: there is often emotion in the text, but it can also be ruthless. Take the brilliant example, the theory of relativity is pure knowledge without personal feelings; There must be feelings, so the unreasonable "white hair three thousand feet" is poetry, but the reasonable "one and two add up is exactly three" cannot become poetry.From this point of view, it is safe to say that the quality of poetry is mainly judged by whether it is true or not, and whether it is thick or not.Wang Guowei has repeatedly explained this truth, citing two examples:

Those who are poets do not lose their innocence.Therefore, being born in a deep palace and growing in the hands of a woman is the shortcoming of the posthumous ruler, that is, the strong point of the poet. "I used to be a housewife, but now I am a prodigal woman. A prodigal son will never return, and it is difficult to keep an empty bed alone." It can be described as obscene.However, it is true to ignore those who regard obscene words and despicable words.Really good, fake is not good, so I deleted the manuscript and said: Those who read "Hui Zhen Ji" hated Zhang Sheng's misfortune and angered him for his treachery, and those who read "Shui You Zhuan" hated the violence of Song Jiang, but valued its deep danger. This is the same for everyone.Therefore, you can make colorful words, but you must not make thin words.Gong Dingan's poem says:

"Occasionally Fu Lingyun occasionally tired of flying, and occasionally admiring Suichu clothes. Occasionally, when a beautiful woman in Jinse asks, he says (reading the tone) that finding spring is your return."The rest of the generation read Qiqing's and Boke's poems, and they also felt the same way. What do you think of Yongshu and Greek small poems? This is from the point of view of existence, love is good, and thin love (acting on occasions and the like) is not good.What's more, there are those who are blatantly unspoken.The most typical is the so-called "gath" in Buddhism, such as:

The four major origins are good fortune, and the voice is full of empty space.Don't dislike not talking with ordinary people (read in oblique tone), it's just for the sake of palace merchants. (Monk Zhaozhou "Ode to the Fish Drum") There is no difference in daily use (read the tone), but I am self-harmonious.There is no choice between the head and the head, and there is no (read flat tone) Zhang Ji everywhere.Who is Nobleman?Beishan Jue (reading melodious tone) point to Egypt.Supernatural powers are used together, transporting water and general (moving) firewood. (Pang Layman's "Gather")

This is reasoning in the form of poetry. In my opinion, if you are strict, it should be said that it is not poetry.Similarly, for example, the Xuanyan poems of the Six Dynasties, Wang Fanzhi, Han Shan, etc. of the Tang Dynasty, and Song Confucianists made reasonable excuses. At least some of them can be viewed in this way, because there is no emotion, let alone insanity.The importance of ignorance can also be seen from another aspect, that is, the same sentient beings can still be distinguished, and the standard is severity.The weight is to the point of insanity.Li Shangyin's poems are highly skilled and full of emotion, but, at least in my opinion, like "Han Bei", learning from Han Yu and using prose as poetry, it can be said that he is more Han Yu than Han Yu, and there are also some emotions in it, but when we read it, we always read it. It can't be as touching as the poems such as "spring silkworms will die when the silkworms die, and the wax torch will turn into ashes and tears will dry", "spring heart will not share flowers and hair (read flat tone), every inch of lovesickness and inch of gray" and other sentences are so touching. To the extent that the former is still sober, he is making plans on historical events with his heart.The above is about the works.The same is true in human terms. Take the writers of the Song Dynasty as an example. In poetry, I think Wang Jinggong is not as good as Lu Fangweng; in poetry, I think Jiang Baishi is not as good as Xin Jiaxuan.

Regarding love, I have to add a little meaning.Man, who is ordered by the heavens to survive, always has many desires.When you have desires, you seek satisfaction, when you seek them, and after you fail to obtain them, they are all accompanied by joy, anger, sorrow, and joy, which is manifested as emotion.In this way, sentient beings are a natural thing; clinging to satisfaction is not uncommon for ignorance.However, for example, you are obsessed with enjoyment and making a fortune, so that you can do everything. When you do it, if you don’t get it, it must be accompanied by love, even to the point of infatuation. "Head" or something?Therefore, when talking about the feelings of poetry, in addition to the "truth" and "thickness" mentioned above, there is also a restriction called "positive".What is positive?Common sense seems to know it all, but it is not easy to explain it clearly.This is like, or actually is, the "goodness" of morality, which everyone seems to know, and it takes a lot of trouble to explain why.As a last resort, I have no choice but to make big things into small ones, or use some points to replace them, saying that true love comes from attachment to the love of life.This attachment is manifested in many ways, such as being introverted, who loves his own life, and extroverted, who also loves, or at least sympathizes with, the lives of others.The general requirement is that the richness and improvement of life, the reality and the daydream, all become something that is in line with the principle of goodness and beauty, or something that is desired.On the contrary, for example, love of power and money develops into jealousy and hatred, and when people suffer from trouble, they are also affection, because they are not righteous, they must be excluded from poetry.

The above-mentioned true, thick, and righteous feelings (preferably as far as ignorance) are the capital for trying to write poems, and they are all general theories.Poems are written by a certain person, so we have to talk about the existence and amount of personal feelings.Again, people's hearts are different, just like their faces.Love must be like this, some people have more, some people have less;How much, each other, etc., come from what?I am afraid that most of it depends on "qualification" and less on "cultivation".Qualifications cannot be controlled by human resources, so if necessary, you can only work harder on self-cultivation.Saying "if necessary" means that the poems are not daily necessities, and the feelings are not much and it doesn't matter, so you don't have to write them.However, there are many legends about poetic media in ancient times. If you miss this possible opportunity, you may lose a lot, right?Or there are other kinds of bait, so many people who are not infatuated can't help but take a pen, what should I do?I think that nature can only be complemented by manpower.This can be divided into two steps: the first is to chant more, to experience more, and to cultivate feelings by getting close to the author and the works; the second is to pick up the pen, strive for Xiao Gui and Cao Sui, and follow the path of famous writers and famous works in the past.Doing this may be worse than being born with love and infatuation. The saying goes, do your best and obey the destiny, that's all.

The above is the capital in the statement.But only inside is not enough. There is an allegorical saying that a dumb person eats coptis and cannot express his suffering, so he still needs to "external".Flat and flat is a format, a metaphor is an empty shelf, and more importantly, there is something to put on it.There will be a special topic later on about the knowledge of meter, and here we only talk about the "expression" of showing affection.As I said before, when writing poetry, it is better to use old words if you take the lazy or easy way.Using old words is the same as using new words when we deal with affairs and communicate ideas in our daily life. To learn, we need to listen and read more.When learning to compose poetry, you can avoid listening more, and you only need to read more.Read a lot, aside from appreciation, for the sake of imitation, it is to learn, a certain feeling, how someone expresses in a certain poem; a certain feeling, how a certain person expresses in a certain word.This learning method is both mathematical and not mathematical.Putting them one by one in the mind is mathematical; in the brain, there are mixtures, trade-offs, and finally mixed into a mass like knives, scissors, saw files, bamboo and sawdust, which is not mathematical.These are stored for use.It is rarely used as it is (occasionally you can be lazy, but it must be noted that this is a sentence made by someone), and it needs to be disassembled into parts and refitted.There are differences in the skills of refitting. The most advanced ones, such as Li Yishan and Su Dongpo, probably don't search hard, and the parts are put together by themselves, and they appear in an instant.This is what Su Dongpo himself said, "Where the intention comes, the writing will be twisted and twisted, and the intention will never be exhausted."This state of inexhaustible meaning is the result of "many" and "cooked".Is there any way to rise to this realm?It's hard to talk about talent, let alone; just talk about manpower, but two words, "read more".What to read? Of course you have to read poetry.As the saying goes, "If you are familiar with three hundred poems of the Tang Dynasty, you will be able to recite poems without knowing it." This is half true: you can write after familiarizing yourself with it, that's right;Always want more and familiarize yourself with it, so that you can put more in your mind, and when you use it, you can put it together by yourself, and it will come out without much effort.Regarding reading, I have already talked about it before, and here is a point to add that it means to read more and be familiar with poems, and also to familiarize yourself with the special syntax of poems.Poetry, firstly, is limited by the rhythm, and secondly, in order to express the artistic conception of the poem, it is often necessary to say it in plain and detailed terms, such as "Lingbo doesn't pass Hengtang Road, but watches the fragrant dust go", whoever doesn't, whoever looks away, without specifying, the text is This is not allowed; and the sentence pattern is often changed, such as "the fragrant rice pecks the remaining parrot grains, and the green wu perches on the old phoenix branch", and the text does not allow this.To imitate poetry, one has to seek some cleverness from the ancients, and cleverness comes from many familiarities, so you must read more. Reading more is just going around in the circle of poetry, can it work?No, at least not very much.Positively speaking, this means that the scope of reading should be expanded, including the text, in order to be able to understand and be familiar with classical Chinese.Of course, this will take a lot of effort, and the collection of classics and history, even the summary, is also a plethora of books.But there is nothing to do.There are many reasons, but only a few important ones.First, there is affection to be expressed. Strictly speaking, someone’s affection at a certain time is unique, but words are universal, and it is not easy to express uniqueness with generality. The remedy is to choose among the majority, and the number of choices The bigger it is, the more likely it is to be just right.This is a large number, and the accumulation of poems alone is not enough, so it is necessary to rummage through the bottom of my hometown, writing.Take the couplet of Su Shi's chanting snow queen as an example, "Donghe (read the tone) the jade tower is cold and the millet rises, and the light shakes the silver sea to dazzle the flowers." What happened, Jing Gong told him that Yulou is the shoulder bone and Yinhai is the eye, which came from Taoism scriptures, and he expressed his deep appreciation.Regardless of whether it is good to use allusions like this here, we only talk about performance. If you don't read a lot of books, you can't make up this couplet.Second, the syntax of poetry, usually, comes from the text; in particular, it also comes from the text, with only slight changes.Therefore, when writing poetry, if you want to cope with Yuru in terms of syntax, or even win by surprise, you must also be familiar with your hometown and literature.Third, according to the conventions of poetry, imitation, sometimes it is necessary to use allusions, and the ancient sayings and events in allusions are all derived from the text. If you are not familiar with the text, it is difficult to pass this level. As I write this, I think, maybe some people want to start a big business with a small capital, right?If so, they will ask, if the business is settled, what is the minimum cost?My idea, since it is "being a poet with other things", then it might as well take a long line and catch big fish.That is to say, don't seek quick success, a longer period of time, such as 10 years or 8 years, is also good.But you also have to sit by the water without leaving, diligently, for example, squeeze out half an hour every day, and read without interruption.In my experience, you can also find two psychological guarantors: one is interest, which depends on habit to cultivate, and when it is cultivated, you will not feel bitter when you encounter large tomes; Don't be in a hurry, do whatever you want, and 10 years and 8 years will pass in a flash.And once the fruit is ripe, the writing in my own writing, besides the timely writing, is sometimes mediocre. Thinking that where there is a will, there is a way, you should laugh at it.