Chapter 12 10. Old Rhyme New Rhyme

The front mainly talks about the general aspect of "reading" poems.Specifically, for example, Li Shangyin's "Jinse" has always been regarded as difficult to understand, how to understand people?This is too much to say, and it is not easy to say.Needless to say, chewing food to feed people is not as good as using one's own teeth.So I want to follow the title of the book, go from "reading" to "writing".Can speak out.I read some poems in the past, and I knew that if I was a mere imitator, it would be hard for others to sneer and make myself look ugly, so I dared not write. The "Great Revolution" came, and my work was ordered to stop, and the day and night were still 24 hours a day. After holding up the little red book and shouting long live to the crowd, it was hard to disappear forever, and I was hungry and hungry, so I tried to write poetry.Humans can also make noise when all horses are in the dark, so after moaning when they are not sick or sick, sometimes they copy three or two imitative works to show friends who have done it.One of them is much younger than me, and full of innovative spirit. Seeing that my poems are still 100% flat-shui rhyme, and my lyrics are still 100% "Ci Lin Zhengyun", maybe I want to "reach others as I want to achieve", wrote to I, advise me to throw away the shackles of "conservative" in order to enjoy the freedom of liberation.I thought about it, and replied with a long letter, thanking you for your kindness, and explaining some reasons why I couldn't follow through.I remember that the general meaning is: You say I am conservative, but I am not conservative, but "lazy" or "easy".Now when we talk about writing, the first question we must encounter is whether to use the old rhythm as the yardstick and follow suit.This question is not simple. Fortunately, I thought about it once in the past. Now I might as well make a fuss and repeat the meaning of that letter.

My reasons for remaining consistent do not come from theory, but from practice.In theory, it seems to be beneficial from now on, even of course.First, we are modern people. We speak Putonghua, or we need to speak Putonghua. Once we have our heart and mind, we need to speak into poetry. Of course, we must use Putonghua. Yes, chasing after that time instead of the present time, even if it is possible, it is always a matter of reversing clothes.Second, if you decide to start from the present, that is, not relying on the flat water rhyme but the present rhyme, the troubles of memorizing the flat water rhyme, memorizing many words with different pronunciations from the past and the past, and changing the pronunciation of some keywords will all disappear.Third, people reading today, using what Zhang Mu sees as a metaphor, Japanese fall into perm, embroidered shoes into high heels, even believers of Cheng, Zhu, Lu, and Wang should feel much more intimate?

But this is seen with purely theoretical eyes, and it is not necessarily true with practical eyes.And if the two sources diverge, or even expand into a dispute, it is often the theory to abandon the armor and drag troops, because a penny in hand is always more powerful than a cornucopia in the sky.Imitation of poetry, reformation is difficult, the crux is that before writing, we accepted the mediocre style, and this style is like the old lady Jiujin, who is so conservative that she is extremely stubborn, not to mention the whole body (both body and mind) reform, just bits and pieces, She would never agree.This is not impossible in theory, but much more difficult in practice.This is a lot to say in detail below.

One of the difficulties is to learn what to sing and what to sell. If you learn from Mei Lanfang, you have to sing Mao Amin and pomegranate skirts on stage, and sell jeans when you open the door. Even if it is not absolutely impossible, it will always be very difficult.When we read old poems, we are used to humming lines such as "spring grass is green every year", "circle around the sky and return to the night moon soul", "face the front and back mirrors of flowers", "but watch the fragrant dust go", and when we write it, we have to change it (mainly referring to words that can express), or in other words, using a new set, the difficulty is conceivable.This is close to the general statement, and the following will talk about many aspects separately.

The second difficulty is that keeping the old is not as good as the present. This idea first came from "sound"; among the sounds, it mainly came from "rhyme".To give an example, for example, if you write a Wulu poem, you use Erdong rhyme, and the rhyme words use "Nong", "Tong", "Rong", and "Feng". If you look at it with old eyes, this is out of rhyme, which is not suitable for the rhyme. , because "same" is an east rhyme; from the eyes of the reformers, these four characters have the same rhyme today, and they are seamlessly used in a poem.From this point alone, the method of reform is indeed not bad.However, although the action of this modification is simple, its meaning and impact are not simple, because the door is opened from the old to the new; once the door is opened and the "same" comes in, it is difficult to prevent other kinds of people who also want to come in from squeezing in.Immediately after that came in, the "Yin" and "Jin" in the eleventh rhyme and the "xin" and "quilt" in the twelve intrusion rhyme rhymed.This is still a subsection, and then comes what can't be counted as a subsection. The "yi" and "xi" in the five-micro rhyme and the "lacquer" and "qi" in the four-quality rhyme of the entering tone also rhyme.The Reformers would say that many entering-sound characters have long since changed to flat tones, so what's the point of making them rhyme with flat tones?It's okay to admit it.But this will become a principle from now on, and it has to be a principle, because we should not (and theoretically) do what we want, such as "white", which rhymes with "chai" in this poem, and "yellow" in that poem. "Dual, that is to say, from now on, you must read it everywhere, not into your voice. "White", in this way, other words that will be used must also be like this. This is to become a principle. From the old days to the present, there is only one way to go in two ways.

The third difficulty is that there is no difficulty in theory that everyone is equal in law; in practice, we have to try it out.For example, "Lu Cong is white tonight, the moon is bright in my hometown" is not enough, can it be changed to "The moon is bright in my hometown, Lu Cong is white tonight (bai)"?Measured by meter, there is no problem.The problem comes from the fact that we have become accustomed to the level-level rhyme style, and we always feel awkward when we see "Lu Cong Jinye Bai" as a second line.It is said that thoughts can be reformed, let alone habits?Not to mention this, there is still trouble, that is, many old tunes can no longer be used.Say a few from small to large.One, "I'm still haggard with Shaoguang, it's unbearable to look at" and the like will not work, because the pronunciation of "see" in Dangzhuan is kan.Second, "Green Tree Village Bianhe, Qingshan Guo (read the oblique tone) obliquely" will not work, because the consonant of "He" is flat and cannot be paired with "Xie", which is also flat.Third, the problem of "combination" has been expanded, and the number of tones has been reduced a lot, which will inevitably bring inconvenience to the patchwork.Fourth, take the Liuyu rhyme as an example, "Songyun Qinshu has been away for a long time, and the two carp are far away for a paper book (reading the tone)" will not work, because "ju" and "book" have different rhymes today.Fifth, some people say that with Jinyun, the number of rhymes is greatly reduced, which is much more convenient.Leaving aside the question of whether it is convenient to reduce the rhyme, just talk about the increase or decrease, and there is an increase in the modern rhyme, because the flat tone and flat water rhyme do not distinguish between yin and yang, so "the flowers are close to the high-rise buildings, and it is difficult to climb here." It rhymes; from now on, the pronunciation will not work, because "Xin" reads Yinping, and "Lin" reads Yangping, and the tones are different and cannot rhyme.In this way, if there are 18 flat tones in "Chinese New Rhymes", 36 are divided into yin and yang, which is 6 more than flat water rhymes.In addition, there is also the question of how to deal with Erhuayun.These are all aspects of loss, which can be resolved by cruelty; or losses and gains, which can be resolved by planning.But there's more to it than that.

The fourth difficulty is that characters, shape, sound, and meaning are integrated. Will the sound bring in the current words from now on?Guessing is sometimes inevitable.Take the commonly used "别" as an example, which expresses the meaning of separation. It was used alone in the old days, such as "Hate Farewell (reading the tone) the bird is startled", "The night of the Red Mansion is melancholy", etc. Now it is not only used, if you can't say " We bid farewell (bie) at Beijing Station", then, it is reasonable to put it into flat and flat, and from now on, it is necessary to expand one into two, or write parting, or parting.But in this way, as a generalization of the principle, many modern words are mediocre and mediocre, and difficulties arise.One is that the old words are much shorter, and five or seven words can be accommodated; the modern words are much longer, let alone five words, and seven words are difficult to accommodate.The other is that Jinci will increase the reality, and the associated poetic and poetic realm will be relatively weakened.As mentioned earlier, the poetic realm is what we yearn for but is difficult to find in reality, so it has to keep a distance from reality.Jin Chuan is more poetic, Swiss watches are less poetic, oily Bixiang cars are more poetic, and Toyota cars are less poetic. This is the reason.How to display this distance?Most of the poems have an advantage. They use old words, such as "Suddenly met the messenger of the blue bird, and invited me to Chisong's house", but it means that the other party came to send a letter and invited me to play at the Taoist's house. Speaking directly in modern language, the confusion becomes far away. To be clear and close, the poetic flavor is bad.Of course, it is possible to write poems in modern languages, which usually rely on light points and hints, or even deliberately hazy; old poems do not need to be so excessive, because the words themselves contain distance.There is another difficulty, because we are used to seeing Li, Du, Qin Qi, Huang Jiu, etc., if there are sentences such as "beer to send goodbye" and "Gu Yi sings and watch volleyball" in the mediocre mediocrity , I always feel that it is not like poetry.This may be prejudice, but since many people feel this way, it is always inappropriate to pretend not to see it.

The fifth difficulty is that compared with poetry, words are more restricted (flexibility, as above, into Daiping, but also according to convention, not casually), and the difficulties caused by sound, in addition to the above mentioned, there are some The tones of words, such as "Good Things Are Near", "Recalling Qin'e", "Manjianghong", "Lanling King", etc., are used to rhyme, and the pronunciation cannot be made from now on.A new idea, or to replace the old shackles with freedom.Freedom can be smaller and changed to the qu tone of Ya Jinyin; it can be louder and changed (as often seen in newspapers) to not "research" the past and go its own way.In my opinion, since I am liberated to go my own way, it is better to simply kick away all the tones of the words, completely liberate, there is no limit to the number of lines and words, and a new free style poem that does not rhyme; the title is, "Sparse Shadows", etc. It is always inappropriate to not fill in according to the score, and make it neither a donkey nor a horse, right?But once you decide to fill in the notation, you can't use Jinyun.

The sixth difficulty is imitation. It is polite to say, "I can only please myself, but I can't bear it as a gift to you." Don't you see, don't many chilling and unreasonable works often occupy a place in newspapers and periodicals?And since we want to show it to "people", we have to pay attention to the perception of people.It is presumed that when you meet Pingping, you will glance at it, or even shake your head and chant it. Most of them are also familiar with and like Pingping. ", impressively, nine out of ten will be surprised, right? The seventh difficulty, and perhaps the most serious, is that imitation becomes more difficult.Language, including poetry, is adapted to the current situation when it is used, and it is dismantled and modified using sentences printed in the mind.Specializing in poetry and prose, commentators in the old age, such as Li Shan (note "Selected Works"), etc., such as Huang Jie (note poems by Ruan Ji, Xie Lingyun, etc.), have revealed the mystery of it, that is, to point out a certain Words, used somewhere in the past.The depreciation sentence is embedded in the new sentence, and if the successive sentences are a system; different systems will not be compatible.Poetry is like this. After reading too much, the old sentences are printed in the mind, and they are broken into words.Take each poem as an example:

The wind is rushing, the sky is high, the ape screams and mourns, and the white bird flies back to clear the sand.The boundless falling trees are rustling, and the endless Yangtze River is rolling in.Wandering With Melancholy, a century on stage alone and sick.Difficulty and bitterness hate the frosty temples, and the new stop the dirty wine glass. (Du Fu's "Climbing the High") Searching and searching, deserted and desolate, desolate and miserable.When it is warm and cold, it is the most difficult to breathe.Three cups of light wine and two cups of light wine are no match for his late arrival.The wild goose has passed, and I am sad, but it is an old acquaintance.Yellow flowers are piled up all over the ground, haggard and worn out, who can pick them now?Watching the window, how can it be dark alone.The sycamore trees are also drizzled, bit by bit at dusk.For the first time this time, why is there a word of worry?

(Li Qingzhao's "Slow Voice") Words with a horizontal line cannot be embedded in such a format from now on.If you read it well and are familiar with it, it will be a big headache if you have the convenience but don't allow it. The various difficulties of the Restoration have been mentioned above.In principle, there are two ways to deal with difficulties, one is to advance in spite of difficulties, and the other is to retreat in spite of difficulties.Come in, maybe break a way?But that has to be tried hard.I have neither the energy nor the courage. What's more, I try to write poems, but it's just like Mei Lanfang's reverse play Huang Tianba. Once in a while, it's fun. In the next day, I will play Yang Yuhuan or Mu Guiying. .So I am suitable to go, and I have to take the "lazy" or "easy" path.To say lazy means that I don't have to bother to break new roads; to say easy means that the road has already been paved by Li Du, Wen Wei, etc., and I can sit back and enjoy the success. The friend who is full of reform spirit will say that accommodating laziness and ease is a personal matter, which can be left alone; "can you put aside the individual and consider whether the road to overcome difficulties can be passed?" I thought about it, reform There can be grade differences.The above is all old and new, that is, only the syntax and flat format such as five and seven characters are old, and the sounds and words are new.This road is difficult to walk, or simply impossible (Dayou, Niushan, etc. may be exceptions).The middle part is that the words are still old, but the pronunciation is new. For example, let "别" be used alone and rhyme with "shoe".This road is accessible, but one, before the article is completed, it is very laborious; after the article is completed, at least with old eyes, it is not coordinated.The latter is basically the same as the old one, but it is just a small freedom to add a little rhyme under the general principle, such as "ju" and "shu" are combined, "zhi" and "er" are combined, "dong" and "tong" are combined , all follow the old style; just write modern style poems roughly imitating the ancient style methods, such as the boundary between Yidong and Erdong, the boundary between Sanjiang and Qiyang, no more.This road is easy to follow, but the situation is that two kinds of small freedoms must be established side by side: one is the freedom of the reformers, and one or two are used in a poem; freedom of habit.I think of it this way, using attire as a metaphor, poetry is an old set, since you still want to wear it, you'd better accept the full set; emerald sleeves, skirts, embroidered shoes, and a sudden perm on the head are unnecessary.Therefore, jumping outside your own body, "If you want to stand up for yourself, let others be established", I dare to advise everyone who wants to "become a poet with other things" after stepping up Han Wengong, since you are interested in reading poems and imitating poems, then It is better to take the lazy and easy way. Some may say that the old way is too restrictive and not easy.I think the difficulty is the difference in quantity, and the relationship is not too big.It's easy to open your mouth, but you still need to open your mouth, not to mention chewing after opening your mouth?It is difficult to imitate poetry, and the biggest difficulty does not come from the restriction of rhythm.Metrics are like an empty bag, what matters is what you can fill it with.Pretend, there must be poetic and poetic feelings, but also the language to express poetic and poetic feelings.Affection depends on talent and self-cultivation, and language requires a lot of learning. Neither of these can be achieved overnight, and we will leave them for later discussion.There are only two points to be mentioned here. One is to memorize and then get familiar with the meter.The second is that even if it is not easy, there are benefits. That is, what is obtained with great effort is always more precious than what is obtained without effort; and once obtained, one will feel very happy.That is to say, for the two couplets in the middle of a regulated poem, it is more difficult to match them appropriately and coincidentally, and because of the difficulty, the authors are willing to use great efforts on this, in order to achieve their own joy and the appreciation of others after success.Take the couplets of Du Du's poems as an example: How to turn it into a Xiaoxiang tour?Alcohol debts are common in places, and life is seventy (reading the tone) since ancient times is rare. The first couplet is a pair of running water (upper and lower are combined into a sentence), and the latter couplet is "common" (eight feet means finding, Erxun means constant, and has a quantitative meaning) and "seventy" are borrowed pairs, which are obviously intentional. It's a trick, but it's a natural coincidence. I think Mr. Du must be quite proud of it.Based on this reasoning, we might as well borrow the words of advertisers here, saying that imitating poems and using old rhymes can get a lot of money without spending much money.