Chapter 25 Volume 22

○The justice of the four seas speaks of the power of heaven and earth, and there are waters on all sides.Zou Yanshu said that outside of Kyushu, there is the Daying Sea, and Kyushu is located in the water, so it is named after the state.However, the "Five Classics" does not have the texts of the West Sea and the North Sea, and the so-called four seas are also about all countries. "Erya": "Nine barbarians, eight barbarians, six Rongs and five Dies are called the four seas." "Zhou Li School People": "Everything will happen in the mountains and rivers of the four seas." Note: "The four seas are like the four directions." The sea is not real water. The name. The hexagram in "Yi" is called Ze, not the sea. "Book of Rites·Xiangjiuyi" says: "The left sea of ​​the ancestral heaven and earth is also", so it is also seen that there is no sea on the right. "Yu Shu" Yu said: "I will determine the nine rivers, far away from the four seas." According to "Yu Gong", there is but one sea, and the name of the South China Sea, like the West River, is this He'er.

There are two seas of words in "Yugong": "The sea spreads to the east", which is the sea of ​​truth; Song Hongmai said that the sea is only one, and the terrain is high in the northwest and down in the southeast. It is called the East China Sea; Wuyou has the so-called West Sea. "Poetry", "Book of Rites" are called the four seas, and they are cited in terms of categories.As for the so-called dark sea in the north of the poor, and Qu Yuan's so-called pointing to the West Sea as a period, they are all fables.Cheng Dachang said that there is a sea to the west of Tiaozhi, and the envoys of the early Han Dynasty had seen it and recorded it in various histories.Banchao of the Later Han Dynasty sent Gan Ying's family to his land, and to the west of the West Sea there was the Great Qin Dynasty, and Yi people and maritime merchants often communicated.Su Wu and Guo Ji were both secluded by the Xiongnu and placed on top of the North Sea, and the "History of the Tang Dynasty" also stated that there is a backbone state in the north of the Turkic North Sea, which is on the north shore of the sea.However, the "Poetry", which is called the four seas, is actually surrounded by Chinese people, and it is not a fable.However, today there is Juyan Sea in Ganzhou, Qinghai in Xining, and Dianhai in Yunnan. Do you know that the seas that Han and Tang people saw were not such evils?

○The name of Kyushu and Kyushu first appeared in "Yu Gong" and "Zhou Li·Zhi Fang Shi", which says "From Shennong and above, there are big Kyushu: Zhuzhou, Yingzhou, Shenzhou, etc.; since the Yellow Emperor, virtue is not as far away, but in Shenzhou is divided into Kyushu." There are Kyushu in the world, and the ancient emperors ruled them, and the virtues of later generations are weak, and they only rule Shenzhou.Those from China are also a state in the southeast.The theory of the birth of this lie is solidly useless.However, China is so big that there is no limit to its borders. Yin Geng's "Two Towns" quoted "Han Shu·Geography" and said that the Yellow Emperor ruled thousands of miles, divided the provinces into wilderness, and obtained a country of hundreds of miles and ten thousand districts. Doubts are endless within Yu Kyushu.And said: Looking at it today, Zhuolu is the extreme point in the northeast, and the Yellow Emperor built his capital on it;Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, other tribes of the Xiongnu, such as Erzhu Yuwen, were often ancestors of the Yellow Emperor, and they were called Changyi, which is also a proof.Later, Changyi came down and Emperor Zhi abdicated. As for the disaster of the flood, the world was cut off, and there were some princes who did not go to court. To test it, Yu did not leave Kyushu; Those who unite, unite, and camp are all in the northeast of Hebei.But beyond these three states, Shun did not have it.Since then, the territory of the world is limited to Yuji Kyushu, and the air of heaven and earth also tends to the southeast from the northwest, and the famine is increasing day by day, and it is still not the same today.Although Zouzi's words are not entirely true, it can be said that he has nothing to say.

The three prefectures of You, Bing, and Ying, besides the nine prefectures in "Yugong", the Confucianists said that the two prefectures of Hebei and Qinghai were divided into two prefectures, which is almost not true.You Ze is now north of Zhuo and Yi, to the land outside the Great Wall.And it is now north of Xin and Dai, to the land outside the Great Wall, and the camp is now the land of Daning in eastern Liaodong.Its mountains and rivers are not included in the "Yugong", so it is exhaustive and detailed. However, the books of Yi and Ji say that "Bicheng has five clothes, and five thousand", so the north of Hebei should not stop at only a few hundred miles. "History of Liao Geography" states that Youzhou is between Bo and Jie, and there are Dai, Shuo and Yingzhou in the north of Bingzhou, and Liaohai in the east. "Ying Wei Zhi" states that the south of Jizhou experienced the changes of the flood, and the city was built after the summer, and its people lived there.To the north of Bing and Ying, the wind is strong and cold, and it migrates with the sun.In other words, it has its roots.According to Liu Sanwu's biography, Kong believed that Liaodong belonged to Qingzhou, separated by a huge sea, and the road was far away. It did not mean that it was limited by mountains and rivers. The three states of Gaiyou, Bing, and Ying were all divided into Jizhou.

Yu painted Kyushu in front, Shunzhao Twelve states in the back.Zhao, beginning also.In the past, there were only nine states, but now there are twelve states, since the beginning of Shun.However, it is sparse to say that Kyushu in "Yugong" is the territory of Yu and Xia. summer.After the Shang Dynasty, following the name of Kyushu in the previous generation, each of them was divided according to its borders, so each generation is slightly different. "Zhou Li·Measurement of People": "The law of building a country is in charge, and the division of the country is the Kyushu." It is said that "Fen" does not follow the old ones.

The state has two. "Shun Dian" "Zhaoshi has two states", "Yu Gong" "Kyuzhou", the name is also. "Zhou Li Da Situ": "Five parties are the state." "Governor" note: "Two thousand and five hundred families are the state." ": "Chuzi entered Chenxiang, and took one of them to return, which is called Xiazhou," "Zhao 22nd Year": "Jin Ji Tan, Xun Li commanded the Rong of Kyushu." "Ai Four Years": "Scholar Contempt is for the Rong of Kyushu.": "Weihou climbed the city to see Rongzhou." "Mandarin": "How about Xiexi's Kyushu?" And the nickname is also.Chen Xiangdao's "Book of Rites": "Two hundred and ten countries are called states, and the five parties are also called states; 12,500 families are called Sui, and a husband is also called Sui; Wang Ji is called a county, and the five despicables are also called Sui." It is called the county, "○In the Spring and Autumn Period when the six kingdoms had no descendants, Chu was the strongest, and the officials of Chu were now the most expensive in Yin, and their strength made Yin all relatives with the same surname.As for those who can stand on their own and destroy Qin after the six kingdoms have been destroyed, Chu is also.At the time of the Seven Kingdoms of Kaofu, the masters often appointed their noble relatives, such as the three sons of Mengchang, Pingyuan, and Xinling; let alone Zhaoyang, Zhaoxixie, and Zhaosui of Chu, Gongzhong, Gongshu of Han, and Cheng and Zhao of Zhao. Leopard, Zhao She, Qi's Tian Ying, Tian Ji, Tian Dan, and Shan's contribution to the restoration of the Qi State were not used in the Qin Dynasty, but Jingyang and Gaoling were still known to be good at the country.Duyan has it.The relationship between the son and Wang Kuai is unknown.Since King Zhao, no one with the same surname has been seen in history.When Chen and Xiang raised their troops, they set up the heirs of the six kingdoms, while Sun Xin was the king of Chu, Dan was the king of Qi, and Jiu Wang Wei was already the king of Zhao, and Han became the king of Han. and?Otherwise, how could the people of Yan be inferior to King Huai in mourning for Prince Pill, and endure his death?Gai Yanzong has been sluggish for a long time, woohoo!Chu used its ancestors to establish the king of Huai, Chu Ye; Yan used non-his ancestors to establish Han Guang, Yan also.However, the Jin Dynasty had no princes and the six ministers were divided, Qin had no children and Yan Le killed, Wei cut down the vassal king and Chen Liu usurped Sima, Song lost the eldest son and the two emperors were humiliated by the Jin people, all of these are true. "Poetry" said: "The eldest son Weicheng, no one will destroy the city, and no one will be afraid."

○Counties and counties "Hanshu·Geography" said: "Qin merged the four seas, thought that the Zhou system was weak, and was eventually lost by the princes, so they did not set up a feud of land, divided the world into prefectures and counties, and wiped out the descendants of the former saints. There are remnants." Later literati ancestors recounted their theories, thinking that the abolition of feudalism and the establishment of prefectures and counties were all the actions of the first emperor, but from the rest of the world, it is almost not the case. "Zuo Zhuan Xigong Thirty-Three Years": "Jin Xianggong ordered the first county to reward his ministers." "Eleventh Year of Xuangong": "Chuzi County Chen." "Twelve Years": " Zheng Bo Ni Chuxia's speech said: "Make changes to the monarchy in the nine counties." out, and defeated the two counties of Chu.'" "Xianggong Twenty-six Years": "Cai Shengzi said: 'The Jin people will give the county to compare with the uncle.'" "Thirty Years": "Jiang County people or older He." "Three Years of Zhaogong": "Er Xuanzi said: 'The other counties of Jin are not only states.'" "Five Years": "Qijiang said: 'Hanfu Qiyi, all of them are counties'" and said : "Because of ten families and nine counties, the remaining forty counties.": "Uncle Xiang said: Chen people obey orders, and then the county." The field of Yangtong clan is considered three counties." "Seventeen Years of Ai Gong": "Zi  said: 'Peng Zhongshuang, Shen captive. Jun Huangong, gave Guan Zhonghu and Qiqi County seventeen." "Shuo Yuan": "Jinggong ordered the officials to send the county of a thousand families to Yanzi." The two sons will be granted one county in each of the ten thousand families.'" "Historical Records Qin Benji": "In the tenth year of Duke Wu, he conquered the state of Jirong, and the first county. In the eleventh year, the first county was Du and Zheng." "Wu Family" : "Wang Yu sacrificed for three years, and I granted the county of Zhu Fang to Qing." Then in the spring and Autumn period, those who destroy the country of people will already be counties.

"Historical Records": "Wu Wang sent nine counties to attack Qi." Fan  said to Chu King: "Southern Chu is fortified and the county is Jiangdong." Gan Mao said to King Qin: "Yiyang, a big county." It is called a county, In fact, the county also.Lord Chunshen said to the king of Chu: "The land in Huaibei is in order, and the matter is urgent. Please consider it convenient." "The Legend of the Huns" says that King Zhao Wuling set up Yunzhong, Yanmen, and Dai counties, and Yan set up Shanggu, Yuyang, Youbeiping, Liaoxi and Liaodong counties, to reject Hu.It is also said that Wei Youxi went to the county in the west of the river to border the Rong.Then when the world of the Seven Kingdoms, there are already counties.

Wu Qi was the governor of Xihe, Feng Ting was the governor of Shangdang, Li Bo was the governor of Dai, Ximen Bao was the commander of Ye, Xun Kuang was the commander of Lanling, Chenghun said that the new city commander of Chu, Wei had the governor of Pu, and Han had the governor of Nanyang.Wei has an euphemism.Su Dai said: "Please use the capital of 30,000 households to be the prefect, and the thousand households to be the county magistrate." As for the seventy-two magistrates of the counties in the Qiwei Dynasty, the six countries have not yet entered Qin, but Gu has already served as the guardian. It's long.Therefore, Shi Yan Leyi said that more than 70 cities in Qi Dynasty are all prefectures and counties.And King Qi left a letter to King Huai of Chu saying: "The four countries are fighting for Qin, and Chu is a county." Zhang Yi said that King Yanzhao said: "Now Zhao is in Qin, and it is like a county." The emperor gave up the Hou Zhishou evil?It is said that the princes of Yuhui, who hold jade and silk, are ten thousand kingdoms. Up to King Wu of Zhou, there were only a thousand or eight hundred kingdoms. In the Spring and Autumn Period, it was seen that there were more than one hundred and forty kingdoms in the scriptures. They merged into twelve princes, and merged into seven kingdoms. This consolidated its power Wherever it must come.Although Qin wanted to restore the system, he sealed them one by one, but he couldn't do it.And it is said that the era of dismissing the marquis and setting up guards began in the Qin Dynasty, so Confucian scholars do not understand the views of the past and the present.

Qin divided the world into thirty-six prefectures, among which Xihe and Shangjun were established by Wei; Yunzhong, Yanmen and Dai counties were established by King Wuling of Zhao; Shanggu, Yuyang, Youbeiping, Liaoxi and Liaodong counties were established by Yan. "Historical Records" does not focus on geography, but sees it in the biography of the Huns.Meng Jian's "Zhi" all call it the one set by Qin, and the one inherited by Han, not Wei, Zhao, and Yaner. Qin Shihuang's discussion of feudalism has no basis.If Chunyuyue's words were used to practice feudalism, the feudal rulers would be no more than Ranghou, Jingyang, Huayang, and Gaolingjun, so there is no reason to build a country for ever.

○Qin Shihuang did not destroy the ancient feudal kingdoms of the two countries, which were not completely destroyed by Qin Shihuang. "The Family of Wei" said: "In the first year of the second generation, the king of Wei was abolished and became a commoner." "The Family of Yue" said: "The more the more dispersed, the sons of various clans competed to establish themselves, either as kings or as emperors, on the shores of the Jiangnan Sea, and submitting to Chu." "The Chronicle of Qin Shihuang" said: "In twenty-five years, Wang Jian Then the land south of Jing was established, and the king of Yue was brought down." During the rise of the Han Dynasty, there were King Yao of the East China Sea and King Wu of Minyue, and it was because Yue did not perish. "Southwest Yi Biography" also said: "Qin destroyed the princes, but the Chu Miao descendants still have the king of Dian." ○Han Prince Hou The Han Prince Hou Zhisheng, there is nothing between sorrow and peace. "Wang Mang Biography": Seventy-two generals of five prestige, also played a role, the princes and kings of the Han Dynasty who were public officials all sealed their seals for the people. "Later Han Guangwu Ji": "December Wuwu in the second year of Jianwu, the edict said: Only the clan and princes were abolished by Wang Mang, and the ancestors had nowhere to go. I am very sympathetic to them, and they will return to their homeland. If the marquis is dead No, it belongs to the descendants of the superiors, and they saw the famous ministers and worshiped them." It was the time when they were all extinct from Mang and restored to Guangwu.However, it is often said in the table and biography of "Han Shu" that "Wang Mang usurped the throne and will be extinct", while the "Biao" says that Hou Chong, who was in peace with all the people, raised troops in the first year of Jushe, and was destroyed by Wang Mang.Hou Chong, in the second year of Jianwu, he Chongcong his father and younger brother Shaofeng.Thirteen years, Hou Songsi, see you now. "Shi Gu said: "When I wrote the "Biao", I saw that I was a marquis. "The "Biao" said that "the one who sees now" is the only person who died at the time of Guangwu, and his descendants were also enshrined as appropriate. But those who are safe and respected by the old country, praise their loyalty, and it is not a general rule Also, "Mang Zhuan" says: "Jiaxin Duke's national teacher gave four assistants with the power of talisman.Liu Gong, Marquis of Mingde, Liu Jia, Marquis of Lili, and other thirty-two people who all know the destiny, or offer heavenly talismans, or make tribute to Changyan, or arrest and sue the rebels, all Liu and the thirty-two people have the same ancestors, don't give up. Give the surname as Wang.Only the master of the country used a woman to match the mangzi, so he didn't give him a surname. ""The Biography of the Five Sons of Wu": "Guangyang Wang Jia offered a talisman, named Fumeihou, and gave the surname Wang." king. "" Zhongshan King Chengdu presented a book, said Mangde, named Liehou, and bestowed the surname Wang. "Prince Hou Biao": "Xinxiang Hou Tong, in the first five years of the Yuan Dynasty, wrote a letter saying that Mang was livable and photographed, Mang usurped the throne, and gave him the surname Wang." "If this is the case, how can Guangwu get it again? And the preface of "Prince Hou Biao" says: "At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Wang Mang took charge of the dynasty, and falsely praised the clan prince and the king's grandson Yan.The more you take pictures, the more it is not right, so it is not recorded, and the heel is also absolute. "It can also be seen that those who were granted the position of Mang were not granted by Guangwu. The husband only shows the meaning of praise and loyalty among his relatives, and he will see him in the seal of Anzhong. Although the history and literature are brief, it can be done in a thousand years. Emotional measurement also. The grand ceremony of this generation cannot be ignored. "Wu Wuzi Biography": "Changyi Wang He, abolished the title of Haihunhou, and died. The Yuan Emperor re-appointed Hezi's generation as Haihunhou. Passed on from son to grandson, and now see him as Marquis." "Biao" says: "He In the third year of Shenjue's demise, he sat on the throne and committed adultery, and he could not be placed behind. In the third year of the Yuan Dynasty, Lihou Daizong was appointed as Hezi Shaofeng, and passed on to Sun Yuanhou to protect the heir, and passed on to the great-grandson Hou Huiyi. Is it because of Guangwu's reappointment that there are these two people, Anzhong to praise loyalty, and Haihun to taste the honorable position? "List of Heroes": "Sun Yu of Xiao He's ninth generation, and Wang Mang became the Marquis of Xiaoxiang in the first year of the founding of the country. Mang was defeated, absolutely." Kuang Si, see you now." It is not because Guangwu is thinner than the ◆hou but thicker than Pingyang; Wang Hong, Marquis of Hongyang, became benevolent with Zhuliu, and his father Dan was demoted to general and died in battle.Zhang Chun, the Marquis of Fuping, was given Shaofeng because he came first, but Du Xian and Zhao Mu both descended to the king of Liang first, so they were not heirs. This is the case of Guangwu Minggong. ○Han Hou Guo "Han Shu·Geography", Jing Zhaoyin, Zuo Fengyi, and You Fufeng did not have a Hou country, so they were in Ji Nei.However, there are Fu Kuan, Marquis of Yangling, and Wang Yuren, Marquis of Gaoling in "Hou Biao of Meritorious Officials", and Zhai Fangjin, Marquis of Gaoling, and the name of Zuo Fengyi County in "Biao of Enze Hou". "Hou Biao of Meritorious Officials" Pingling Hou Sujian, Pingling Hou Fan Mingyou, the name of Fufeng County on the right.However, the name of Gaoling is "Langya", and the name of Erpingling is "Wudang", so we know that the name of this township is the same as that of the county, not Sanfu.In the later Han Dynasty, Xinfeng Hou Shanchao, Xinfeng Hou Duan , Xiayang Hou Fengyi of Jingzhao County, Liyang Hou Jingdan, Linjin Hou Yang Ci, and Zuo Fengyi County.It is good for Hou Hou Geng, Huaili Hou Wanxiu, Huaili Hou Dou Wu, Huaili Hou Huangfusong, Yinyi Hou Songhong, Houhou Dong Zhuo, and Fufeng County on the right.And Song Chuan said: "There are 8,000 households in the two counties of Shihuaili and Meiyang." After Gai Dongdu, the three assistants were the same as the county. "Geography" Hou Guoyou commented or not, it is almost impossible to understand the meaning, and the history of the class is still the text of the predecessors, only based on what was seen at the time? ○ Capital "Poetry" Mao's biography: "The next city is called the capital." Later generations thought that the emperor lived, but it was not.According to the text of the examination, it is said that "Dadu Xiaobo", "Poetry" says "in the capital of dredging", and those who "make the capital in Xiang" are all in the city. "Zuo Zhuan" said: "The system of the former kings is mostly one of the participating countries, one of the fifth, and one of the small nine." It also said: "There is a ancestral temple in the town, and the master of the first king is called the capital, and there is no town." Therefore, Jin In two or five words, Yu Xiangong said: "Di Zhiguang is no better than Jin as the capital." It is called Pu Ye and Qu Ye.Shibo called his uncle Sun Zhaozi and said: "Make the house in the capital." It is also called Ji.Gongsun Dynasty said that Ji Pingzi said: "There is a capital to defend the country." It is also called success.Zhong You was the governor of Ji's family, and he will fall into the three capitals, which are called Houqian, Feiye, and Chengye.Lai Zhang said: "In the past, we defeated the enemy, and now we have defeated the capital." This is also called Linqiu. "Mencius": "The king is the capital, and the ministers know five people." It is also called Pinglu. "Han Zi": "Wei Sijun bought one Xu Mi with one capital." It is also called Zuo's family. "Historical Records" Zhao Liang persuaded Shang Jun to return to the fifteen capitals and irrigate the garden in Bi.The king of Qin said that Lin Xiangru: "I summoned a secretary to press the map, which means that from now on, the fifteen capitals have been given to Zhao."The king of Qi ordered Zhang Zi to send the soldiers of the five capitals to attack Yan because of the people in the north.Zhang Yi said that the king of Chu, please act like the capital of thousands of families and think of Tang Mu as the city.When Chen Hui saw Peigong, he also said: "Wan, the capital of a large county." , Sidian is the county, and the four counties are the capital." And the sons of the king were entrusted with it, and the beneficiaries of the princes were in Yan, so there were people from the clan of the capital, Sima the capital, and later it was called the ear of Dayi.Therefore, the "Poetry" says: "People from other cities." "Book of Rites Yueling": "Order farmers to work hard, but don't stop in the capital."According to Shang Zi, there are hundreds of capitals with honorable titles and high salary. According to "Historical Records", Lord Xinling's admonishment to King Wei said that those who died in Qin Dynasty had dozens of counties and hundreds of famous capitals.They are all called Xiaoyi.For more than three generations, Ruo Tang lived in Hao, Tai Wang lived in Yang, and they lived together, not talking about the capital.The first emperor of Qin Dynasty said: "I heard that the capital of King Wen of Zhou is Feng, and the capital of King Wu is Hao. Between Feng and Hao, the capital of the emperor is also." Xiang Yu divided the princes and kings, and each took the place where he lived as his capital.Wang Mang wrote a letter stating that there were the residences of the Eastern Capital and the Western Capital in the Zhou Dynasty, and that Luoyang was the eastern capital of the new house, and Chang’an was the western part of the new house. Because of this, later generations named the capital of the present generation the name of the ancient Xiayi. Check it out. "Historical Records·Shang Jun Biography": "Building Jique, the palace in Xianyang, Qin moved to the capital from Yong. The small capitals and villages were gathered into counties, and the Lingcheng was set up, and there were thirty-one counties." Shangdu, Guodu The capital; the lower capital, the capital of contempt.History and literature, ancient and modern languages. "Han Shu Chao Cuo Biography" says: "Worrying about the common people, the princes will be the capital." It is the capital of the feudal country. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty Andi Ji": "I moved to Jincheng County, and the capital was Xiangwu."And "Shi Dai Zhi" said: "Chang'an and the five capitals." Luoyang, Handan, Linzi, Wan, and Chengdu are the five capitals, and Chang'an is not in the same place.If the name of the capital of the country in later generations is dedicated to the Son of Heaven, the princes and kings dare not call it. "Historical Records": "In the third year of Xiaojingzhong, the army was outside the gate of Dongdu." At this time, there was no Dongdu. "Sanfu Huangtu": "The first gate from the east of Chang'an City to the north is called Xuanping Gate, and the folks call it Dongdu Gate." ○The township is governed by the county, and the township is governed by the township. The person who prepared the book "Historical Records": "Lao Tzu, a native of Qurenli, Li Township, Chuku County"; .Book the county but not the township: "Historical Records": "The great ancestor Peifeng was born in Zhongyangli." Nie Zheng was born in Zhishenjing. ""Chunyuyi mastered Linzi Yuanli Gongcheng Yangqing. ""Hanshu": "Prince Wei died to Huquan Jiuli". ""Wang Jian, a native of Pinyang Dongxiang" is also true. In ancient times, townships also had cities. "Han Shu Zhu Yi Biography": "His son was buried outside Xiguo, Tongxiang." ○Duxiang’s "Jigulu · Epitaph of Mrs. Song Zong's mother": "A native of Anzhongli, Duxiang, Nieyang County." It also said: "◆In Shiquanli, Duxiang, Moling County." The system of Duxiang is not recorded in history.According to the capital and the township cover, it is the current Fangxiang. "Han Jiyin Taishou Meng Yuyao Temple Monument": "Chengyang Zhong's family belongs to Gaoxiangli, Du Township." ○Du Xiang Hou The system of enfeoffing the country in the later Han Dynasty, there were Xiang Hou, and there was Du Xiang Hou.According to the legend, there are many princes of the capital and township. Huangfu Song was granted the title of Marquis of Huaili, and Zhao Zhong and Zhang Rang, who often served Zhao Zhong and Zhang Rang, were disobedient.Guzhen was guilty and went to prison. He thanked the emperor for returning Dongwu Hou Yinshou, and demoted him to be a duxianghou.It is also that the capital and the township are under the lieutenants.Zhao Zhongyi made great contributions to Zhu Liang and made him a Marquis of the capital.In the eighth year of Yanjia, he was demoted to Guanneihou.It is also above the Marquis of Guannei.Liang He died, and the emperor named his adopted son as the Marquis of Duxiang, with three hundred households.It is also the number of households that the township marquis of the capital eats." Liang Ji was offended and moved to Bijingdu as the township marquis. The township marquis of the capital must also have his own land. If he does not say anything, it is also mentioned in the history. Xianghou, Dutinghou, The same is true for Tinghou, who either speaks of the land or does not speak of the land. ○ Although the Seven Kingdoms are called kings, their ministers are only called kings, such as Mengchang Lord, Pingyuan Lord, Xinling Lord, and Chunshen Lord.In Qin, there were those who were called Marquis, such as Suihou, Yinghou, Wenxinhou, and Cai Zedan was Gangchengjun.In the rise of the Han Dynasty, Liehou was called Hou, and Guanneihou was called Jun.Kong Ba bestowed the title of Marquis of Guannei as his teacher, and the title of praise Chengjun.Its death is also, overflowing with the sun and Liejun. In the Song Dynasty, "Dengkelu" must be written in a certain township in a certain county. "Xiaoshan County Chronicle" said: "From the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the township was changed into a capital, and the li was changed into a map." , so it is called a picture.” That’s right.Today's vulgar province is "'◆".When Xie Shaolian wrote "She Zhi", he said: "The sound is humble. "Zuo Zhuan" has a chapter, which is the beginning of its name." His words are solid. ○Qing Dynasty system of pavilions: one pavilion for ten miles, one township for ten pavilions.Based on the current degree, there must be a residence in the building, which is the current government office.Zheng Kangcheng's note in "Zhou Li · Survivors" said: "If there is a room in the pavilion today." Therefore, Ba Lingwei stopped Li Guang to stay under the pavilion.Zhang Yuzuo asked Pingling Fat Niu Pavilion to give Yu a gift and move the pavilion to another place, and the "Hanshu" notes: "There are two soldiers in the pavilion: one is the father of the pavilion, and the palm opens and closes to sweep; the other is for the thief. , Palm chasing and catching thieves" is also true.Today's village castle. "Han Feizi entered" Wu Qi guarded Wei Xihe. Qin had a small pavilion, which was close to the border. He attacked the pavilion and pulled it out once. The traitor thinks that the Hou family is rich, and often defends it." "The Legend of the Xiongnu" "Seeing the livestock spread in the wild and no one to shepherd, it is strange, it is to attack the pavilion." "People empty pavilion" is also.And there must be people, today's town.The meritorious officials of the Han Dynasty have Tinghou, also known as Xiating, and "Customs": "Bao Xuanzhou's Pastoral Department, often stay in Xiating".Its capital pavilion is now Guanxiang.Sima Xiangru went to Linqiong, Shedu Pavilion.Yan Yannian's mother stopped at Duting and refused to enter the mansion.He beheaded Wang Linqing's slave head, stripped and built drums, and placed them under the capital pavilion. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty": "Chen Wangchong had thousands of crossbows, and he went out to the capital of the army. Yin Xing, the prefect of Kuaiji, made rice porridge for the people in the capital. Pang'e of Jiuquan assassinated his enemy in the capital. Xing Zhen worshiped Quan as the king of Wu, and Quan came out of the capital to wait for Zhen." That's right.The capital also has a capital pavilion. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty": Zhang Gang buried his wheel in the capital pavilion of Luoyang.Dou Wu summoned the fifth school of the Northern Army to Tunduting, and He Jin led the left and right Yulin Five Battalions to Tunduting.Wang Qiao is Ye Ling, and the emperor welcomes him to set up a drum under the capital pavilion.Cai Zhi's "Hanyi": Luoyang twenty-fourth street, street and one pavilion; twelve city gates, gate and one pavilion, people call it the flag pavilion. In "Historical Records Three Generations and World Tables", Mr. Zhu said: "It is true to meet with the alchemists under the flag pavilion".Later generations will only have the names of post kiosks and post kiosks, but the meaning of residents will be lost in ancient times. ○Tinghou's "Tongdian": "At the beginning of Emperor Xian Jian'an, Cao Cao was granted the title of Fei Tinghou. The system of Tinghou began from then on." I'm afraid it is not the case.Emperor Ling continued by interpreting Tinghou. "Huan Emperor Ji": Feng Shanchao and other five people are county lords, and Yin Xun and other seven people are Ting hou.There are many Tinghou in the biographies, most of them are after Zhang He.Ding Yan said that if you can do little work, you will get a lot of village pavilions.Fan Hong would like to return to his birthday and eat in Xiaoxiangting.Then Jianwu seems to have already had Tinghou. ○The name of Sheshe originated from the ancient Guoshe and Lishe, so the ancients used the township as their society. "Da Dai Li": "The country of a thousand chariots is ordered by the emperor to communicate with its four borders and teach its book club." "Zuo Zhuan · Zhaogong Twenty-five Years": "Qihou Gong said: 'From the west of Jujiang, please send to Qianshe.'" Note: "Twenty-five families are societies, and Qianshe has 25,000 families." "Fifteen Years of Duke Ai": "Qi and Wei are west of Ziji and south of Jumei Xing, five hundred book clubs." Lu Yan gave Pingyin and Chaoyi anti-market eleven communes." He also said: "In the past, my predecessor, Duke Huan, granted Guan Zhong five hundred titles from the book club, and he accepted it without saying goodbye." "Xunzi": "With the three hundred book clubs, and No rich man dares to refuse." "Warring States Policy": "The king of Qin sent the son to call Zhao Wang and said: "The big country is unjust, so I will tell the city and give it the land of the second society." "Shangzi": "Tang In the battle of Wu, the soldiers sat in Chen, and there was a book club in it." "Lu Shi Chunqiu": "Wu Wang defeated Yin, and the great officials rewarded the book club." He also said: "Mr. Wei Qi Fang used the book club forty to guard." "The king of Yue, please use the land of Wu, and three hundred Pushu clubs in Yinjiang to seal Mozi." Today's Henan, Taiyuan, and Qingzhou towns are still called the clubs.In the ancient Spring and Autumn Festival, people from the same village would gather together. The "Three Kingdoms" note: "Jiang Ji is the Taiwei, and he was in the society with Huanfan". "Han Shu Wu Xing Zhi" "The governor of Yanzhou rewarded and banned the people to set up private societies." Chen Zan said: "In the old system, twenty-five families formed one society, while ten or five of the people's families collectively formed a field society, which is a private society. ""Sui Shu · Etiquette Chronicles" "Twenty-five families of the common people form a society. The old society and the sparsely populated ones are not limited." Each establishes a name, which is also called a certain society and a certain society.In Chongzhen, there was Lu Wensheng who criticized Zhang Pu and others for resuming the society. When he was ordered to investigate and investigate, most of the officials involved were punished. "Song History Xue Yan Biography" "Yaozhou Hao's surname is Li Jia, and he has dozens of guests, and he is called Wumingshe." The people in Yangzhou don’t pretend to be heroes in their villages, and they are called Desperadoes.” At the end of the Sui Dynasty, Qiaojun City had the names of Heishe and Baishe. "Yuan History Taiding Emperor Ji": "It is forbidden for hungry people to form shoulder pole clubs, and those who hurt others can stick one hundred." I don't know how today's scholars get this name.After the apocalypse, when the scholars exchanged books on thorns, the word "she" was still considered generic, but it was called "meng" and "shemeng". Today, human relations are related to each other, but only the year, the society, the township, and the clan.Except for the four, the world will be lost. ○The Mausoleums of the Emperors of the Past Dynasties The Mausoleums of the Emperors of the Song Dynasty were in October of the fourth year of Emperor Qiande of the Song Dynasty. The cemeteries of the emperors of the past dynasties were ordered. For three households, one share at the age of one; Fifteen emperors under Qin Shihuang, each given to two households, one sacrifice at three years old; Thirty-eight emperors under Zhou Huan Wang, prefectures and counties are always forbidden to collect woodcutters; King Qian Shu of Wuyue is still ordered to repair the tomb of Yu Yu .At that time, the world was not unified, and the issuance of this edict was a matter of great virtue.It is a pity that the Confucian officials did not examine the exams that day, so that it was passed down to later generations. For example, King Wen, King Wu, King Cheng, and King Kang of Zhou Dynasty were buried in Xianyang County, Jingzhao. According to Liu Xiang, "Wen, Wu, and Zhou were buried in Bi." "Pi Ji Zhou Benji" "Tai Shigong said: Bi is in the southeast Duzhong of Hao." "Huanglan" said: "Wen Wang, Wu Wang, and Zhou Gong's family are all in Jingzhao Chang'an Haoju Dongdu Zhong." Guo Pu notes the same.Preface: "Zhou Gongliang, King Cheng was buried at Bi." The biography said: "I dare not minister to Zhou Gong, so I made it close to the tomb of Wen and Wu." Justice said: "According to "Emperor Century": "Wen and Wu were buried at Bi, Bi was in Dunant. " "Book of Jin · Tunnel Records" also said: "Bi is in Dunan, so farewell to Bi Mo." " "Historical Records Zhou Benji" justly quoted "Kuo Di Zhi" and said: "The tombs of King Wen and King Wu are on Biyuan, twenty-eight miles southwest of Wannian County, Yongzhou." This is very clear in Du County in the south of the Weishui River.Now it is sacrificed fifteen miles north of Xianyang County in the north of Weibei. According to Yan Shigu's "Liu Xiangzhuan" note: "Bimo is forty miles northwest of Chang'an".According to the "Historical Records·Qin Benji" collection, "Huang Lan" is quoted: "The tomb of King Wu of Qin is in Bimozhong, northwest of Anling County, Fufeng. People think that the tomb of King Wen of Zhou is not, and the tomb of King Wen of Zhou is in Duzhong. "And "Qin Shihuang Benji" did not justice and said: "Kuo Dizhi" says: Qin Huiwen's Mausoleum is 14 miles northwest of Xianyang County, Yongzhou." It also says: "Qin Yuwu King's Mausoleum is ten miles west of Xianyang County, Yongzhou, and the common name is Zhou. King Wu's Mausoleum, no." People in the past have already argued it clearly.It is not false to worship King Wen and King Wu of Zhou today at the tombs of King Huiwen and King Wu of Qin Dynasty!The Mausoleum of Emperor Xiaowen of Wei Dynasty after Yunhou is located in the southeast of Fuping County, Yaozhou, Youmi. "Wei Shu" said: The emperor was filial to the Empress of Civilization, and lived in the Yuying Shou Palace in the northeast of Yonggu Mausoleum, so he had the ambition to die.And when it was moved to Luoyang, it was from the west of Lili that it was considered the place of the mountain mausoleum, and the empty palace on Fangshan Mountain was called Wanniantang Yun.It is called Fangshan, and it is also the capital of the generation.Those who are in the west of Lili are also in Luoyang.Xiaowen moved to Luo since his generation, and Fuping was buried in peace.The person who buried Fuping was Emperor Wen of the Western Wei Dynasty, the grandson of Xiaowen, named Baoju, named after the king of Nanyang, and named Wentai. He reigned for seventeen years and was buried in Yongling. The "Book of Wei" comes from the Eastern Dynasty and does not contain its events.And "Northern History" is the original record, and it says: "Taste the Xiaoyao Temple, look at the Saga Mountain, and say to the left and right: 'Looking at this makes people feel relieved.'" However, the mausoleum 30 miles southeast of Fuping County today is Yongling also. There is a Song stele on it, which is wrongly referred to as the burial of Xiaowen, and because of it in the past dynasties, isn't it because of the chaos of the Five Dynasties, when there were few people who were well-versed in the dynasty, they promulgated it, not to mention seeking it out, even today?Alas, the works of recent events are like this in the history books, and the Confucian scholars of the world don't know it, but they want to test Qiaoshan with him and order Cangwu.Also examine "Cefu Yuangui": "In February of the second year of Tang Gaozong Xianqing, the emperor was in Luoyang Palace, and sent envoys to sacrifice Han Guangwu and later Wei Emperor Xiaowen tombs in Luoyang Palace." The sacrifice of Xiaowen was in Luoyang, not in Tang Dynasty error.He also said: "On the first month of the fourteenth year of Yuanhe Emperor Xianzong, King Wen of Zhou and King Wu Ke were ordered to be in Xianyang County to be decorated by Yousi." It seems that they are already in Weibei. "Book of Wei": "In May of the 21st year of Xiaowen Taihe, envoys were sent to Tailao to offer sacrifices to King Wen of Zhou in Li and King Wu Yuhao." "Book of Sui" "King Wen of Zhou and King Wu in the suburbs of Li and Wei." "Book" "King Wen of Zhou and the Grand Duke were offered sacrifices to Li, and King Wu of Zhou, Duke Zhou and Duke Zhao were offered sacrifices to Ho." It is also consistent with the words of "Huang Lan", and it has been said since ancient times that it should be in Weinan.And Han Wengong's "Nanshan Poetry" "I went to find the way to Dushu, and the hall is covered with primitives." It is also said that it is in Duzhong.Han is the man of Yuan and Jian, or his relics have not disappeared.The imperial edict of Emperor Xianzong does not mention the tomb, and it is not a place. In the four-year imperial edict of Qiande, Wei Xiaowen and Emperor Wen were mistakenly identified as one person. "Chunhua Ge Tie" mistakenly identified Liang Gaozu and Emperor Wu as two people. ○Yaojia Lingtai "Hanshu·Geography" "Jiyin and Chengyang have Yaozhong Lingtai." "Later Hanshu·Zhangdiji" "In February of the second year of Yuanhe, the east tour sent the envoy to write Tang Yao at Chengyang Lingtai "An Emperor Ji" "Gengyin in February of the third year of Yanguang made the envoys shrine to Tang Yao in Chengyang." "Huanglan" said: "Yao's tomb is in Jiyin and Chengyang." "Yao was buried forty miles northwest of Jiyin and Chengyang, and it was a valley forest." Lingtai. The township is Chongren, and the name of the town is Xiuyi. There are temples all around, and there are pools around it. The north and south of the Erling Mausoleum are lined up, all of which are built of bricks and are still being repaired. Fifty steps to the west of the east city of Yaoling Mausoleum, Mrs. Zhongshan’s poems, Yao’s concubine also, the stone walls and steps are still the same, and the three sides of the south and north are long oaks. Fushu Liyu. There is Zhongshanfu Tomb in the south of Mrs. Zhongshan’s cave, and a stone temple in the west of the tomb. The sheep and tigers are almost broken. Yucheng is southwest and northeast of Lingtai. "Song History" "Shenzong Xining first year in July , Zhicuizhou Han Feng said: "Yao's mausoleum is located in Donglin Mountain, Leize County, and there is a Lingtai Temple for Yao's mother Qingdu in the south of the mausoleum. Please order the Spring and Autumn Festival of this prefecture to offer sacrifices, and set up five households to guard the mausoleum. Rent is exempted, and sprinkles and sweeps are provided." However, "Ji Gu Lu" contains the Temple of Han Yao and the stele of Yao's mother's poems. These temples and steles are still present in the Song Dynasty.However, according to the edict of Kaibao, the shrine of Emperor Yao is in Yunzhou. It means that since the beginning of the Shijin Kaiyun, the Yellow River was determined by Cao and Pu, and Yaoling was soaked by water, so it was moved to a high place?Because of this, future generations will no longer take the test. Shun Shefang is dead, see Yu.Yu met the princes in Tushan, which can be found in "Zhuan".But Yao didn't hear about hunting. "Mozi" said: "Yao taught the Eight Dies in the north, and when the Tao died, he was buried in the shade of Luoshan Mountain. Shun taught the Qirong in the West, and the Tao died, and was buried in the city in the south. Yudong taught the Jiuyi, and the Tao died, and was buried. The mountain of Kuaiji." This is also the saying of people in the Warring States Period.Since then, "Lu Shi Chunqiu" said "Yao was buried in Linlin", Tai Shigong said "Yao traveled to Chengyang", Liu Xiang said "Yao was buried in Jiyin", and "Bamboo Book Chronicles" said "Emperor Yao In the eighty-nine year, he traveled to the palace in Tao, in the ninety years the emperor traveled and lived in Tao, and in the hundred years the emperor dabbled in Tao." "Shuowen" "Tao, and then Chengqiu, there is Yao City in Jiyin, where Yao lived, so Yao was named Tao Tang." Yao's home was originally set in Chengyang, but Yao's capital and Pingyang are very different. Far away, in the millennium, after the Zen position, how can there be parade again?Prison Yao and Zhu's theory came from "Bamboo Book", and the traces of Juancheng are also similar. What is not contained in "Poetry" is far away from thousands of generations, how can you believe it? "Shan Hai Jing·Hawai Nan Jing" "Dishan, Emperor Yao was buried in Yang." Note: ""Lu Shi Chunqiu" said: Yao was buried in the forest." Today's west of Chengyang County.There are Yao tombs in the middle of Chengci Township in Dong'e County and in the south of Xiangting in Chuyang County. " "Linfen County Chronicle" said: "Yao Mausoleum is seventy miles east of the city. It is commonly called the forest of gods. It is 150 feet high and 200 Xubu wide. There are mountains and rocks beside it, but this place is flat land, more than ten feet deep, and its temple There are three rooms in the main hall and ten rooms in Pang. There is a river behind the mountain, and there is a stele inscribed on the second year of Jintaihe. It was stolen from Shun Shefang and died in Jiuyi. But there is no legend about Yao’s hunting tour, and this is the capital of his country, so this mausoleum is undoubtedly Yao’s mausoleum.” According to the records, it seems to be reasonable; but since the Han Dynasty, it has been said that Yao’s burial aided Yin and became Yang. Did not dare to believe the words of the past. ○ Master feed "Hanshu·Wan Shijun Biography" "Shi Qing is Qi Xiang, and Qi people set up a stone Xiang Temple." Gongdong." "Han Ji" "Yibu is the prime minister of Yan, with traces of governance, and the people created new words for it." After that, the Shisheng Temple began. In today's generation, there are no officials and no establishments, but there are those who destroy their images and change their owners after they leave their posts.川日唐书》“狄仁杰为魏州刺史，人吏为立生祠。及去职，其子晖为魏州司功参军，贪暴，为人所恶，乃毁仁杰之祠。”则唐时已有之矣。 《后汉书》“张翁为越太守，有遗爱。其子湍复为太守，蛮人欢喜，奉迎道路，曰：'郎君仪貌类我府君。'后湍颇失其心，有欲叛者，诸蛮耆老相晓语曰：'当为先府君故。'遂以得安。”然则魏人之因子而毁其父祠，曾越售蛮人之不若邪。 ○主碑《西京杂记》“平陵曹敞，其师吴章为王莽所杀，人无敢收葬者，弟子皆更名他师。敞时为司徒椽，独称吴章弟子，收葬其尸。平陵人生为立碑于吴章墓侧。”此生立碑之始县。 《晋书》“南阳王模为公师藩等所攻，广平太守丁绍率众救模，模感绍德，敕国人为绍生立碑。”“唐彬为使持节监幽州诸军事，百姓追慕彬功德，生为立碑作颂。”史之所书，居官而生立碑者，有此二事。 唐武后圣历二年，制州县长吏，非奉有敕旨，毋得擅立碑。刘禹锡《高陵令刘君遗爱碑序》曰：“太和四年，高陵人李仕清等六十三人，具前令刘君之德，诣县，请以金石刻，县令以状申于府，府以状考于明法吏，吏上言。谨按宝应诏书，凡以政绩将立碑者，具所纪之文上尚书考功，有司考其词，宜有纪者乃奏。明年八月庚午，诏曰：可。”们日唐书·郑瀚传》“改考功员外郎。刺史有驱迫人吏上言政绩，请刊石纪德者，瀚探得其情，条责廉使，巧迹遂露。人服其敏识。”是唐时颂官长德政之碑必上考功，奉旨乃得立。《宋史》言：“太祖建隆元年十月戊子，诏诸道长贰，有异政请立碑者，委参军验实以闻。”今世立碑不必请旨，而毕衮之权操之自下，不但溢美之文无以风劝，而植于道旁，亦无过而视之者，不旋睡而与他人作镇石矣。 《册府允龟众“宋为相，奏言：'臣伏见韶州奏事云：广州与臣立遗爱颂。夫碑所以颂德纪功，臣在郡日，课无所称，幸免罪戾。一介俗吏，何足书能，滥承恩施？见在枢密，以臣光宠，成彼谄谀。欲革此风，望自臣始，请敕广府即停。'从之。时郑州百姓亦为前刺史孟温礼树碑，因是亦命罢之。” 张籍《送裴相公赴镇太原诗人“明年塞北清蕃落，应建生柯请立碑。”以晋公之勋名而颂祝之辞止此，当日碑词之难得可知矣。 ○张公素《太明一统志·永平府名宦》有唐张仲素。德宗时，以列将事卢龙军节度使张允伸，耀平州刺史。允伸卒，诏仲素代为节度使同平章事。考之新、旧《唐书》列传，则云：张仲武为卢龙节度使，破降回鹊，又破奚北部及山奚，威加北翟，擢累检校司徒同中书门下平章事，卒。子直方，多不法，畏下变起，奔京师军中，以张允伸总后务，诏赐族节，在镇二十三年，比岁丰登，边鄙无虞。张公素以军校事允伸，擢平州刺史，允伸卒，子简会为副大使。公素以兵来会丧，简会出奔，诏以公素为节度使。性暴厉，眸子多白，燕人号白眼相公。为李茂勋所袭，奔京师，贬复州司户参军。按卢龙节度使前往三人皆张姓，日仲武，曰允伸，曰公素。今乃合二名而曰仲素，及详其历官，即公素也，又其逐简会，在懿宗咸通十三年，距德宗时甚远，且又安取此篡夺暴戾之人而载之名宦乎？今滦州乃耙之名宦祠。Call!其辱朝廷之典而贻千载之笑也已。 又考唐时别有一张仲素，字绘之。元和中为翰林学士，有诗名。《旧唐书·杨放陵传》所谓屯田员外郎张仲素，白居易《燕子楼诗》序所谓司勋员外郎张仲素绩之。即其人也，然非卢龙节度使。 ○王亘《肇庆府志》“宋王亘，淳熙中为博罗令，筑随龙、苏村二堤，民赖其利。后知南恩。”《一统志》误作“王旦。”今《博罗名宦》称：“宋丞相文正公，前博罗令。”而不知文正未尝为此官。淳熙，又孝宗年号也。盖士不读书，而把典之荒唐也久矣。