Chapter 22 volume nineteen

○Writing must be beneficial to the world. Wen is inseparable from heaven and earth. It is said to understand Taoism, record political affairs, observe people's secrets, and enjoy the goodness of Taoism.If this is beneficial to the world and the future, one more article will be beneficial.Ruofu's strange things, nonsense, suppression, and flattery, if these are detrimental to oneself, not beneficial to others, one more article, one more article will be detrimental. ○Writings are not expensive. There are very few books written by the literati of the Han Dynasty. The history at the end of their biographies says: there are only a few articles written.Only Dong Zhongshu has up to 130 articles, while the rest are only fifty or sixty, or a dozen, or three or four.The history records the number, and the cover calls it, not the few.But today's people's writings regard the abundance as wealth, and if there are many husbands, they will not be able to work, and even if they work, not all of them will be useful in the world, and it is appropriate not to pass them on.Xijing Shang Ci Fu, so "Hanshu? Yiwenzhi" contains two schools of poetry and Fu.Among the famous literati, there are only three Fus by Lu Jia, seven Fus by Jia Yi, nine Fus by Mei Cheng, twenty-nine Fus by Sima Xiangru, two Fues by Er Kuan, eight Fuss by Sima Qian, and only nine Fuses by Wang Bao. Of the sixteen pieces, Yang Xiong's Fu was limited to twelve pieces, and the most were Huainan Wang's Fu's eighty-two pieces, and Meigao's Fu Fu one hundred and twenty pieces.However, in "Meigao Biography", it says: "Gao is a literary disease, and he was successful under the imperial edict, so there are many Fu. Sima Xiangru is good at writing but late, so he is good at Gao. Gao Fu said that he is Fu It's not as good as Xiangru, whose literary committee <Bone Skin>, the song follows the matter, all get the meaning, quite humorous, not very idle, there are no more than 20 articles that can be read, especially dozens of articles that can't be read. "It's because there are many words and Fu, but it doesn't have to be good."In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were many inscriptions on steles, prefaces and difficult essays; at that time, Confucian classics were emphasized, and there were many exegesis.There are forty-nine people who recorded the number of their chapters in the biographies, among them Cao Bao, Ying Shao, Liu Tao, Cai Yong, Xun Shuang, and Wang Yi each have more than a hundred articles, and the few are Lu Zhi six and Huang Xiang five , Liu    Yu, Cui Lie, Cao Zhong, Cao Shuo each four, Huan Bin three, and in "Zheng Xuan Biography" said: "Xuan Yi wrote eight "Zheng Zhi", annotated more than a million words of the scriptures, Common people quite ridiculed it for its complexity." It is because there are many interpretations of the scriptures and it is not necessary to be good at it. Qin Yanqun said that the "Yao Dian" has more than 100,000 words in the two words of the chapter, but said "Ri Ruo Ji Gu" has 30,000 words. There is a proverb that goes, "When a doctor buys a donkey, there are three books and coupons, but there is no word for donkey".Literature prospers with less, and declines with more.In terms of the Han Dynasty, the literature in the eastern capital is more than that in Xijing, and the literature is declining.In terms of the three generations, the texts from the Spring and Autumn Period are more than the "Six Classics", and the texts are declining. "Records" said: "There is no way in the world, but words have branches and leaves." "Sui Zhi" contains ancient anthology, Liu Xiang has six volumes in Xijing, Yang Xiong and Liu Xin have five volumes each, which is the most, and he is only one or two volumes. .However, Jiang Zuoliang’s Jianwen Emperor has eighty-five volumes, Yuan Emperor has fifty-two volumes, and Shen Yue has one hundred and one volumes.

○Difficulties in writing books Zishu, other than Yu and Xun, such as Lao, Zhuang, Guan, Shang, Shen, and Han, all form their own language.As for "Lushi Chunqiu" and "Huainanzi", they cannot be self-contained, so they take the words of the masters and compile them into books. , roughly like "Lu Lan" and "Huainan".It must be what the ancients failed to achieve, and what the later generations cannot do without, and then do it, is it common to pass it on?Song Dynasty books such as Sima Wengong, Ma Gui and "Wenwen Tongkao" were all completed with a lifetime of energy, so they became indispensable books for future generations.And there are minor flaws in it, but it is inevitable.If there are more and more books written by later generations, there will be more mistakes, and the faster they will be, the less they will not be passed on. Therefore, they regard it as too easy to write a book and are eager to seek fame.Mr. Yi Chuan wrote "Yi Zhuan" in his later years and completed it. His disciples asked him to give it to him. The master said: "It's better to make progress in learning. I don't think it's an old man who forgets his body and doesn't know how old he is, so he can't reproduce it day by day and die. And then myself."

○Speaking bluntly, Zhang Ziyou said: "The people are my compatriots. Today's people, I share with those who are in the top position. To save the people, it is the responsibility of the one who is in the top position; to save the people, it is also the poor and the poor. It is also the responsibility of those who are in the lower position." "If there is a way in the world, the common people will not discuss it." However, if the political and religious customs are not perfect, it is the common people's discussion.Therefore, "Pangeng Zhigao" said: "No one dares to subdue the villain's admonishment, but the country has great doubts, and the common people will be rebellious." .In the mid-Tang Dynasty, this meaning still existed.Lu Shan ordered Yuan Dexiu to send several musicians to sing together, and Xuanzong was moved by it; Bai Juyi, as a captain, wrote more than a hundred pieces of Yuefu and poems, satirizing current events, rumors were banned, and Xianzong called him into the Imperial Academy.It is also close to the style of Chen Lie, who listens to the recitation of public opinion.Poetry is teaching, although it is mainly gentle and honest, but there are also those who directly criticize the person.For example, "Hehe master Yin, what is the injustice?"; Shi, Wei Wei's interesting horse, Yu Wei's teacher and people, and his wife incited Fang Chu"; for example, "Yi who follows, Wei Violence's cloud", all of them directly denounced their official family names, and the ancients did not think it was disgusting. "Chu Ci? Li Sao": "Yu Yilan is reliable, and the Qiang has no substance but is long." Wang Yizhang said: "Sima Zilan, the younger brother of King Huai." : "Zijiao, the doctor of Chu." Hong Xingzu's supplementary note: "There is Ling Yin Zijiao in "Ancient and Modern Renbiao." For example, Du Fu's "Beautiful People": "Give the names of the great countries Guo and Qin, and be careful not to be angry with the prime minister." At the turn of October, the meaning of a poet is over.Kong Zhi's "Beishan Yiwen" explicitly reprimanded Zhou Rong, and Liu Xiaobiao's "Guangzhou Breaking Up Relations" ridiculed it.Yuan Chuke ruled that Hun Yuanzhong had a book of ten failures, and Han Tuizhi satirized Yangcheng as a theory of contending for ministers.These are the thick customs of the ancients.Establishing a word is not a matter of the world for a while, there is a word for a while, and its effect will be seen hundreds of years later. "Wei Zhi": "Sima Lang had a proposal to restore the well fields, saying that in the past, the people had their own careers for generations, and it was difficult to seize them. Now after the great chaos, the people are scattered, and the land has no owner. All are public lands, which are appropriate. At this time, it will be resumed.” At that time, it was not a trip in the world, and the Tuoba clan had the Central Plains, and the ruins and mulberry houses of those who had no households were all public land, and they were divided by giving and granting. Shouzhi in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. "Book of Wei": "At the beginning of Wuding, private casting was rampant and evil. Qi Wenxiang Wang discussed that one piece of money was called, and those who weighed five baht were used by the people and the market. The cities, towns, counties, and counties of the world each had two titles and hung them on the city gate. If it weighs less than five baht, or if it weighs five baht but is mixed with lead, it will not be listened to." It is not a practice in the world.And Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty had the world, and he cast new coins, and the text said "five baht", which is as important as the text.Put the sample at the gate, and those who are not as good as the sample will have no officials to destroy it.The method of opening the Yuanbao has been accurate since then, and it was still imitated in the Song Dynasty. "Book of Tang": "Li Shuming is the envoy of Jiannan Jiedu, and he talked about the disadvantages of Taoism and Buddhism. Please be a third-class temple and a second-class temple: twenty-one monks in the temple, fourteen Taoists in the temple, After the death of seven, all choose those who can do it, and the rest will be returned to the people. Dezong is good at it, thinking that it is feasible for the world. The imperial edict will be discussed in detail, and he will stop it." In the fifth year of Emperor Wuzong's Huichang, he provinced temples and temples all over the world, and issued an imperial edict. There are two temples in each of the two streets of Du and Dongdu, and there are 30 monks in each temple.The Tianxia Jiedu Observation Commissioner and Tong, Hua, Shang, and Ruzhou each left one temple, divided into three classes: 20 monks from the top class, 10 monks from the middle class, and 5 monks from the bottom class, and 4,600 temples were destroyed. In more than a hundred districts, there are 260,500 lay monks and nuns, and more than 2,000 Daqin Muhu monks and nuns.And Arima Hongwuzhong also practiced a little bit. "Yuan History": ""The capital relied on the southeast to transport grain, and exhausted the people's strength to sail against unexpected events.In Taidingzhong, Yu Ji suggested: "Thousands of miles east of Beijing, Liaohai in the North Pole, green and Qi in the south, a field of reeds, when the tide comes every day, silt is fertile soil, using the method of the Zhejiang people, build dikes to defend the water as fields.Hearing that the rich and the people want to win the official, they will give the land together with the crowd: those who can cultivate with ten thousand men will be given the land of ten thousand men, and they will be the commander of ten thousand men; the same is true for thousands of men and hundreds of men.In three years, it is regarded as the achievement, and the level of the land is used as the levy; in five years, if there are livestock, and the official is appointed, the money will be stored; in ten years, the amulet can be passed on to the descendants, just like the law of military officers.In this way, the luck of the southeast can be eased to relieve the power of the people, and all the idlers will return, and nothing will happen. "And Emperor Shun went to the center, but the sea transportation did not arrive. He took the word from the prime minister and set up a division. The agricultural division was located in the south of the Yangtze River. He recruited 1,000 people who could grow paddy fields and build cofferdams. So far, the relics of the paddy fields still exist, and the Ji Town restored by General Qi after the light is beyond the reach of those who have proposed it. However, the poor will change, the change will lead to success, and the rule will last forever. The principles of the world are not beyond this. Confucius' words and deeds in the Xia Dynasty did not take Lu's determination and mourning, Zhou's scenery, and respect, but only told Yan Yuan. As for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in the Yuan Dynasty, it took several or three hundred years, and he did it. Confucius told Yan Yuan , told Han Wuye. Mencius wanted to use Qi Ye, and said: "If the king of Qi is against his hand, if he kneels, he can't use it." And he told Wen Gong that he was not demoted to Qi Ye. Liang said: "There is a king who rises. , must come to take the law. "It is also the teacher of the king. Minghu, the things in the world, those who have their knowledge, don't have to be at the right time; but those who are at the right time may not have the knowledge, but the merits of opening things and the use of words are rare. Zhu Zi wrote "Shi Zhuan", as for Qin's "Huangwu", he said that it was originally out of the customs of Rong and Zhai, and that the ignorant king and virtuous man used it to punish him, so he got used to it, and even though he was the sage of Mu Gong, it was unavoidable. The person who did it was also the misfortune of Min Sanliang, and lamented the decline of Qin Dynasty. As for the king's government is not governed, the princes arbitrarily ordered, and murder is not taboo. The disadvantages of the ages. Fu read the book of Yiyou in June of the fourth year of Zhengtong and Xiangfu Wang Youjuan said: "The king of Zhou passed away, and I mourn deeply.From the concubine to the wife, there is no need to die.Those who are young and have parents will be sent back to their families. "At the beginning of the cover of Yuji, I felt the performance of King Xian, and also Zhu Zi's "Shi Zhuan" used to show his wisdom. Oh, benevolence!

○There are so many literati below the Tang and Song Dynasties, how many literati!Inherently ignorant of scriptures, ignorant of ancient and modern times, and claiming to be a literati.Han Wengong's "Fu Shushu Chengnan Poetry" said: "Aren't articles expensive, and the scriptures are good. The sloppy has no root, and it has been eliminated in the morning and evening. People don't know the past and the present, and horses and cows wear skirts. The behavior is injustice, and the situation Famous for reputation," Liu Zhizhi of the Song Dynasty taught his descendants, saying every day: "Scholars should put their knowledge of tools first, and the number one is a literati.This is what Yang Ziyun said, "Eat my flowers, but don't eat my reals".Huang Lu said bluntly: "For decades, Mr. Gentlemen have used articles to promote young people, so they are flashy and not real." "Song History" said: Uncle Ouyang Yong talked with scholars, not about articles, but about officials.It is said that articles stop at nourishing the body, and political affairs can be transitive.

○Smart words "Poetry" says: "Smart words are like springs, and you have a thick face." And Confucius also said: "Smart words make color, but there is no benevolence." He also said: "Smart words mess with virtue." The poems and prose written by people today, and the prose that are pleasing to people in the form of steles, are all clever words.You can't be incapable of thinking that you can understand people, and the husband can only do what he can, which is the greatest courage in the world. Therefore, the master regards fortitude and dullness as the closest benevolence.The way scholars use their strength is here, not the other way.There are two types of unkind people in the world: one is a person who loves to commit crimes and cause chaos, and the other is a person who speaks cunningly and seductively.Not having a grandson since childhood, even killing the father and the king, is a good reason to commit chaos.Throwing shoulders and laughing, not saying the same thing, so that you can't worry about it, and it's omnipresent, all of which are clever words that make people push.However, the people of the two often stand in the world because of each other.If there is Wang Mang's usurpation, there must be the beauty of Yang Xiong; if there is Cao Cao's Zen Dynasty, there must be Pan's Jiuxi.That's why chaos arises, the one who offends the superior is the chief, and the one who speaks cleverly is the assistant.Therefore, Dayu said that the clever words make the color Kongren, and it is in the same category as dou and Youmiao.Worse, it is terrifying.So what should a scholar do?First of all, be filial to your younger brother to eliminate his rebellious and bullying heart; followed by loyalty and trust, so as to get rid of his habit of flattery.Make every word and action come from your own heart, and don't let people who are not benevolent be added to your body, then you can cultivate yourself and govern the country.Shiyan Wei Zhongxian didn't know the book at the beginning, but he had Tianxian in his mouth, so there were one or two literati on his behalf. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" stated that Liang Ji was able to write books, and when he falsely played Taiwei Li Gu, Fufengma was integrated into Jizhangcao. "Book of Tang" states that Li Linfu has no academic knowledge and can only hold a pen, while Guo Shenwei, Yuan Xian, and literati's antlers take their place as inscription rulers.It is also said that Gao Pian wrote a letter, which was ugly and disobedient, and threatened to invite the emperor, but Gu Yun from Wu used his words to appeal to his traitor. "History of the Song Dynasty" used words and chapters to use things. It tasted: "At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Sima Guang was the prime minister, and Su Shi was in charge, so he was able to agitate the Quartet." There are no literati in this generation, and those who have a country must have a deep distinction of only the flower and the real.

○Words to deceive people In ancient times, those who used words to deceive people were Xie Lingyun, followed by Wang Wei.The Song family's revolution cannot be Lin Quan's partner with Xu Guang and Tao Qian.He is not only a Song official, but also has secret money with Luling Wang Yizhen.At the time of Yuanjia, he was tired and moved to serve.Since he is a celebrity, he should participate in current affairs, but Emperor Wen only accepted him with literary meaning, so that he became popular.He also wrote a letter to persuade Hebei to attack Hebei, until he was repeatedly impeached for the crime of infants, and raised troops to resist arrest.Nai wrote a poem saying: "Han's son Fang Fen died, and Qin Emperor Lu was ashamed. He was born in Jianghai, and his loyalty moved the gentleman." When he was about to be executed, he wrote a poem saying: "Gong Sheng has no remaining life, and Li Ye has an end." If it is said that those who want to be loyal to Jin, what is the contradiction!It is not harsh to say that Shichen wrote about rebellion.In the middle of Wang Weiwei's work, Anlu Mountain was trapped in the two capitals, and he was detained in Pushi Temple and forced to use a fake office.Lushan feasted his apprentices in Ningbi Pool, and Wei wrote a poem saying: "Thousands of households are sad and wild smoke is born, when will all the officials go to the sky again? Autumn locust leaves fall into the empty palace, and Ningbi Pool plays the orchestra." Zeiping, go to prison, or Hearing about the poems in the line, his younger brother, the servant of the Ministry of Punishment, asked to cut the official to atone for his brother's crime. Su Zong specially excused him and gave the prince Zhongyun the responsibility.The king of Xiang took the title and forced Li Zheng to become a Hanlin scholar.Zheng is not at ease since he pollutes the false office.At that time, Zhu Mei was in charge of the government, and there was nothing to talk about.Zheng tasted the imperial retreat, stationed at the gate of Maguo, and wrote a poem saying: "Peng Luan is dismissed from the Zichen court, and he will look at it immediately in front of the Danfeng Tower. Only the scenery of Zhongnan Mountain is there, and the clear sky is still full of Chang'an." After chanting, he cried.And Wang Xingyu killed Zhu Mei, King Xiang fled, and Zheng was killed by the rebels.The poems of the two are the same, one dies and the other does not die, and most of the literary and ink friends protect Wang Wei, just like what Du Fu called "the superior Wang Youcheng".Today, when I am in trouble, I devote myself to a different surname, until I reject it, and then make a theory of loyalty and indignation, and my husband's name is smeared and false, and I trust myself. Compared with Kang Le and You Cheng, I see it is even worse.In the end of the world, the human feelings are very clever, and the writing is not ashamed. It is inherent in the chapter of "Caiwei" in the dynasty, but there are those who are happy to praise it in the evening.Gou took it according to his words, and he would carry Lulian on the car, and fight against the king.Said: It is not so, if there are people who know the words in the world, then the authenticity of the person can be distinguished by his words, and no one can escape. The doctor in "Shu Li" shakes at the beginning, chokes in the middle, feels drunk, helpless, and pays to the heavens, it is true; It is true that the words cannot be inferior; it is true that Lili's recruiters are indifferent as if they are forgotten in the world, but sometimes they can't stop their anger, and they see their feelings slightly.It is a hypocrisy for those who are eager to show violence and speak for themselves. "Yi" said: "The rebels will be ashamed of their words, those who are suspicious of the center will be their words, and those who lose their guard will be their words." , screen stealing words, the way of a gentleman, the business of prospering the king, don't start with this.

○The rhetoric of Dianmo and Yaoxiang are also the words of the two emperors and three kings. , "Book of Filial Piety", this is also the words of the Master.The article is true, so is sex and the way of heaven.Therefore, it is said: Those who are virtuous must have words.Good!You Dingfu's words said: "If you can't write articles but want to hear about nature and the way of heaven, it is like building a wall of several feet, and it is unreasonable to use floating dust and foam as the foundation." Tao is to use writing as a small skill, without using force.But the master didn't say: "Its purpose is far away, its words"?Don't you say: "Words have no words, but deeds are not far away"?Zeng Zi said: "It's far more despicable to speak out." I have seen that most of the lecturers today who started from quotations are not good at rhetoric, or they are anti-Zigong's words and said: "The nature of the words of the master is comparable to the way of heaven. You can hear it when you get it, and you can hear the articles of the Master if you can’t get it.” Yang Yongxiu said: “Wen is Dao. Poetry is also spoken. When quotations are recorded, the text and Dao are judged. When the words of poetry come out, poetry and words are separated.” Since Jiajing People know that quotations are not literary, so Wang Yuanmei's "Notes" and Fan Jieru's "Fu Yu", the above rules and regulations, and the following French texts, although the results are different in depth, they can be said to know the words.

○Sickness of literati imitation The disease of modern articles is all in imitation. Even if they imitate the ancients, it is no longer extremely accomplished, let alone those who leave their spiritual principles and get their fur.In addition, the ancients' writing is blunt. Liang Jianwen's "Book with the King of Eastern Hunan" says: "Today's people are effective in Xie Lekang's and Pei Hong's writings. If they learn Xie Lekang's and Pei Hong's writings, they will not reach their essence, but they will get their lengthy; It is long, but it has its shortcomings." Song Su Zizhan said: "People today learn Du Fu's poems, only to get their vulgarity." Jin Yuanyu's poem said: "Shaoling has its own city walls, and it is full of knowledge and endowments." Article One way, the last thing for a Confucian is to be like what Lu Shiheng said, "Xie Chaohua has been put on, and the Qixi show is in Weizhen". Now that I have not seen him, it is very difficult to enter here to peep into the forest of writings.Those who imitate "Chu Ci" must be inferior to "Chu Ci"; those who imitate "Qi Fa" must be inferior to "Qi Fa".Gai said that there is one person in front of him first, and he is afraid of losing him, but his writing power can no longer be achieved by himself. This is also the theory of the remaining son of Shouling learning from Handan.Hong's "Rong Zhai Essays" said: "Mei Cheng's "Seven Fats" is creative and endowed, with elegant speech and rich purpose, and it is more succinct, so it is gratifying. Its successors are like Fu Yi's "Seven Exciting" and Zhang Heng's " Seven Debates, Cui Wei's Seven Yi, Ma Rong's Qiguang, Cao Zhi's Seven Enlightenments, Wang Can's Seven Interpretations, Zhang Xie's Seven Destinies, etc., are too imitative of the rules and have no new ideas. Fu Xuan also collected it, thinking that "Qi Lin" makes people read the chapters before they are finished, and often discards a few frames. Liu Zihou's "Jin Wen" uses its style, and it is detached and unique. The disadvantages have been washed away. Dongfang Shuo's "Answering the Guest" is naturally outstanding in the text, and Yang Xiong drafted it as "Resolving Mocking". "Ying Jian" is written in chapters and sentences, and its disease is the same as "Qi Lin". And Han Tui's "Jin Xue Jie" came out, so it was washed away." His words are very appropriate, but this is based on the clumsiness of the words. Er, if the intention is not outside the scope of the ancients.For example, Yang Xiong wrote "Taixuan" after imitating "Yi", and Wang Mang wrote "Dagao" according to "Book of Zhou". The foundation of the ancients' words.

○Complicated and simplified articles Han Wengong’s "Tomb Inscription of Fan Zongshi" said: "Weigu's speech must come out by himself, and he cannot be a plagiarist if he surrenders. Later, he will refer to his predecessor as a successor. From the Han Dynasty to the present, it has been used the same." human disease.If it is written by a master, it will punish the mistakes of the time and those who lose them.Annotations are required for writing books, which has been acceptable since before the Qin and Han Dynasties; if writing books today without annotations is incomprehensible, it is seeking simplicity and gaining complexity, and the two are lost.The Master said: "The diction is as good as it gets." The simplicity of "New Tang Book" is not simple in matters but simple in text, which is why it is sick. "Shi Zi sued Mencius because of Chen Zi, and Chen Zi sued Mencius with Shi Zi's words", this is clear without the market seeing. "A man of Qi has a wife and a concubine and is in the house. When his lover comes out, he will be full of wine and meat and then turn back. When his wife asks what food and drink he has given, he is rich and noble. The wife tells his concubine: "When the lover comes out, then You must be full of wine and meat and then turn back. Those who ask him and his food are all rich and noble, but there are no ones who show up. I will be the place of the good man.'" "There is a feed of raw fish to Zheng Zichan, and Zichan envoys the school A pond for humans and animals. The schoolman cooks it, but the order says: "I will throw it away, and it will be squishy, ​​and if it is small, it will be sloppy, and it will pass away leisurely." Zichan said: "It's where it is? It's what it is!" The schoolman came out and said: "Who is it? What does it mean that the child produces wisdom? I cooked and ate it, and said: I have got what I want! I have got what I want!'” This must be overlapped and the situation is exhausted. This is the wonderful article of Mencius.In the "New Book of Tang", the people of Qi must say: "His wife is suspicious, so she intervenes", and Yu Zichan must say: "The schoolman came out and laughed." Huda, not master Hujian.Liu Qizhi said: "The narration of "New Book of Tang" is very concise and concise, so its stories are too gloomy and unclear. Written; if it does not come from nature, but intends to simplify it, it will be lost. The "Jin <New Tang Book" Table" said: "The things will be added to the front, and the text will be saved from the old. "The reason why "New Book of Tang" is not as good as the ancients is because of these two sentences. "Huang's Daily Note" said: "Suzi's change from "Ancient History" to "Historical Records" is inappropriate.For example, "Chulizi Biography", "Historical Records" said: "Mother, Han Nu also."Chu Lizi is funny and wise. "Ancient History" said: "Mother, Korean girl, is funny and wise." ’ It seems that the mother is funny, but can the word ‘樗里子’ be saved? "Gan Mao Biography", "Historical Records" said: "Gan Mao is a native of Xia Cai."Under Cai Shiju, learn from a hundred schools of thought. "Ancient History" said: "Xia Caishi cited the theory of a hundred schools of thought." 'It seems that Shiju taught himself a hundred schools of thought, but can the word 'thing' be saved?Therefore, it is not possible to save characters for knowledge, but characters can be saved. Tai Shigong has been saving for a long time. "

○Sickness of the literati seeking the ancients "Hou Zhou Shu? Liu Qiu Biography": "There are differences in the style of essays by people at that time, and Qiu thinks that there are modern and ancient in time, and there are modern and ancient in non-literature." This is the most appropriate theory.Husband and present cannot be "Er Han", just like "Er Han" cannot be "Shang Shu" and "Zuo Shi".Naiqiu took the Chinese law of "History" and "Han" as ancient, and even hunted down one or two words to use it in the text, which is not appropriate.Those who regard today's places as not ancient, but cherish ancient place names; regard today's officials as not ancient, and borrow ancient official names; those who abandon today's common characters and borrow ancient characters for common use are all literati, so they pretend that they are slang. and also. "Sugar Book": Zheng Yuqing used an old saying in his discussion, such as "Yang to the magistrate's horse ten thousand hooves", some officials don't know what kind of language, and it's not suitable for people.Song Lu Wuguan's "Postscript to the Rhyme of Ancient Characters Used in the Former Han Dynasty" said: "The ancients read a lot, so they occasionally used one or two ancient characters when composing. At the beginning, they didn't think it was a job, and they didn't know which one was ancient and which one was modern. Recently, it is a banknote. Putting the Chinese characters in "History" and "Han" into the literary diction, it is self-proclaimed that the workmanship is wonderful, and I don't know who is laughing. Occasionally, I see this book, and I am so relieved. Book official titles should be based on the facts, such as Lian Visiting Envoy, General Manager, etc., if they are changed to "supervisor" and "prefect", it is a disorder of the official system, which can be tested in the long run. He Mengchun's "Poetry Winter Preface" said: "Nowadays people call people's surnames easily according to the world's expectations, call officials must use the names of the previous generation, and call prefectures and counties must use the names of the previous counties.This is not only useless for reason, but also hinders things.People with the surname Li are called "Longxi Gong", Du is called "Jingzhao", Wang is called "Langxie", and Zheng is called "Xingyang".This loss started from the generation of Sun Guangxian in the fifth quarter of the Tang Dynasty. "Beimeng Suoyan" calls Feng Juan "Changle Gong", and "Lengzhai Yehua" calls Tao Yi "Wu Liu Gong".The establishment of official counties and towns has a history, and today they must be called by the names of the previous generations. What will be tested in the future?This is the so-called one who has nothing to gain from reason, and those who are hindered by things. "Yu Shenxing's "Bizhen" said: "The excellent texts of "History" and "Han" are self-existing, and it does not mean that their official names and place names are ancient."Modern people admire the elegance of their writing, and often use their official names and place names to apply to the present. This should make the ancients laugh. If the texts of "History" and "Han" want to be restored, why not use the names of the three generations of officials on the same day, but record the truth?The elegance and vulgarity of literature is not here, it is only confusing and untrue, and there is no way to show the distance, and everyone does not do it.Yu Su doesn't work on diction, and has nothing to imitate. As for the name, he dares not follow through.Ordinary small works, or some articles that accommodate gold and stone, never dare to change official names and place names from ancient to modern.The same is true of many senior masters. "

○There is no redundancy in the collection of the ancients. The articles of the ancients are not redundant in one article, and there is no redundancy in an episode.And if it is said that people's goodness is seen in sacrificial articles, it will no longer be seen in Zhi;There are also those who have seen each other's writings, such as Ouyang Gong's "Yin Shi Lu Zhi", which does not say that the ancient writings in recent days started from Lu Shi, thinking that Fan Gong's sacrificial writings have already been mentioned, and they can be seen from each other, and there is no need to reproduce them.Mr. Gai Ouyang believed that the writings of himself and Mr. Fan could be passed on to later generations, and it can be seen that the ancients valued their words.Liu Mengde's "Preface to the Collection of Liu Zihou's Essays" said: "Where Zihou's name, family, official and year are generous, and he has the ambition to retreat, it is like offering sacrifices." It can also be seen that the ancients did not need their writing to come from themselves. ○ The two prefaces of the book are improper, "Huaishilu" and "Xiangshilu".All books are still the same.And just like in the early days of the country, when the annals of prefectures and counties were completed, they must be respected by the elders of their hometowns, and those who had written books should be prefaced, otherwise they would be official in their prefectures and counties.The person who asks must be the person, and the person must judge himself if he has nothing to give up and then do it.Those who are officials are excellent in writing, and they are also meritorious in writing, so they will not be allowed to go to the countryside.The gentlemen of the township are excellent in writing, and they are also meritorious in writing, so the officials dare not do it.Righteousness is taken from arbitrariness, and one has to do it for oneself and not give way to the township and officials.All of these are the so-called jobs.Therefore, the preface ends with one article, or if there are other inventions, it is the postorder.There are also those who are disorderly but record the years.Today, there are two prefaces, and there are three or four prefaces that do not stop.The two prefaces are not the style, and the wrong person is not the job. The gentleman of the world does not learn and talks a lot.Whenever a book is invented, the preface is optional; if nothing is invented, it is only the time when the book was completed.The problem of human beings lies in the order of human beings.Tang Dumu's "Answer to Zhuang Chongshu" said: "Those who have prefaced their essays since ancient times are all made by the masters of later generations. Today, I live with my foot in this world. It is impossible to preface the unfinished essays of my foot." Read this statement , those who are good at ordering people can stop now.Lou Jian's "Preface to Re-engraving the Collection of Yuanshi Changqing" said: "The preface refers to the narration of the writing. It started with Zixia's preface "Poetry", and then Liu Xiang took the job of proofreading the book, every Compilation is orderly and the most elegant and tame. Zuo Si Fu has completed all three of them. He thinks that his name is not very famous. The name, but I am afraid that people will not know it. As for its long history, the engraved copies may be unreadable, and some people have copied it and re-engraved it. It is appropriate for people to reorder it, so it is appropriate to narrate it. Those who describe it are not chasing after the sages of the past, making false distinctions between the good and the bad, that is, exaggerating the good things, and making too many flamboyant words, all of which I don't take." Reading these words, the preface to the anthology of ancient works can be stopped today. . ○The ancients did not write biographies for others.It is not regarded as the post of history, and there is no one who writes biographies.Therefore, there are monuments, aspirations, and appearances but no biography.The biography of Liang Ren's "Article Origin" began with Dongfang Shuo's "Biography of Mr. Feiyou", which is called a biography based on fables. There are three biography in "Korean Public Collection": He Fan, a college student, Wang Chengfu, a magistrate, and Mao Ying. There are six biographies in "Liu Zihou Collection": Song Qing, Guo Luutuo, Tong Quji, Ziren Li Chi, He Fan, who picked only one incident and called it Biography, Wang Chengfu's generation is all insignificant, but It is called biography; Mao Ying, Li Chi, and  negative  editions are fun, but it is called biography, and Gaby is the ear of the barnyard official.If Duan Taiwei, it is not said to be passed on, but to anecdotes, Zi Houzhi dare not pass on Duan Taiwei.It is also an improper history.Since the Song Dynasty, there have been those who set up biographies for others and invaded the post of historian. The bibliography of "Taiping Yulan" lists dozens of other biographies of ancient people, which are called other biographies, so they are different from historians. ○The affidavit should not be used indiscriminately. The affidavit is the history of the writers, and the official historians are passed on to the descendants. They are the foundation of history.History records events as well as words.Therefore, if you don’t read the articles written by you in your life, you can’t do it; you can’t do it if you are born in the position of minister, and you don’t know the major events of a dynasty; you can’t do it if you are born in the Cao’s office It is not allowed to do the anecdote; the person who was born in the position of supervisor and order guard does not know the terrain and customs of one side. It is also used without examination, so it is contradictory.Confucius said: "There are people who do it without knowing it." What does it mean?The descendants of famous ministers and great virtues don't have to read their father's books; those who read their father's books don't have to be able to understand the story.If a husband is a person who makes aspirations, he must be a famous scholar in the literary garden for a while, but he can't study it in detail, but he said: "The appearance of the descendants is like that, so I will follow it." Zong Jiang wanted to make Ji Tan and Bo Lu and his ilk to be literati and let them go. It's a shame, if it is, all the world will be literati. ○ Composition Runbi "Cai Bojie Collection" contains many monuments for Shigui, such as three monuments for Hu Guang and Chen Yu, two monuments for Qiao Xuan, Yang Ci, and Hu Shuo. At the age of seven, they all made monuments for him.Since it is not for the sake of embellishing the pen, it is not for this reason, the historical biography is based on its name, and it is hidden from the ear.The literati are rewarded, and Han Tui's flattery is the only one.Wang 's "Ye Ke Series" said: "Thanks for writing, it didn't start in the Jin and Song Dynasties. Seeing that Empress Chen fell out of favor with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, she was not in the Changmen Palace. She heard that Sima Xiangru worked in the world for writing, and regarded a hundred catties of gold as the king of Wen. Taking wine is similar to writing to understand the master, and the queen is lucky again. This trend has already happened in the Western Han Dynasty." Du Fu wrote "Eight Sad Poems", and Li Qi said in a piece: "The family is full of dry visits, and the steles reflect the four descendants. , Fengwu coral hooks, unicorns woven into blankets, and purple rodents with swords, righteousness takes no time." Liu Yuxi's "Sacrificing to Han Yuwen" said: "The stele of the Gongding Hou, the aspirations and tunnels represent the fields, the price of one word, the chariot is as golden as a mountain. "It can be said that the one who reveals the truth.In the past, Yang Ziyun was still unwilling to accept money from the Jia people, and it was recorded in "Fa Yan", but Du Nai called it "righteous acquisition", which is not as straightforward as Tang Yin's. "Jie'an Essays" said: "Tang Ziwei has a huge volume, which he recorded himself, and the title of the book is 'Lishi'." "New Book of Tang? Xianming. Answered: 'I would rather starve to death, how can I do that?'" Today, those who sell their writings to live are ashamed. "Sikong Tuzhuan" says: "Living in Zhongtiao Mountain in seclusion, Wang Chongrong's father and son respected it elegantly, and donated a lot of gifts, and I don't accept it. I tasted it as a stele and donated thousands of silk. The picture was placed in Yu Township, and the people in the city could take it and use it up in a day. , "There is no gift, but where to accept it, it is a last resort, and it is the second. "Yuan History": "Yao Sui's writing is correct to Xu Heng, and he said: 'Bows and arrows are things, and they are waiting for thieves, and those who steal them will also treat others. How can a well-known and capable general respond to someone's job? To give to someone who is not his person, and to reject him to someone who is not his person is a crime. Li Gu wrote "Ode to the Great General Xidi", which was quite ashamed of his integrity. When Xu Guang was the minister of the ancestral hall, Yuan Xian, the son of the king of Kuaiji, To record the official book, in order to make all officials pay tribute, the envoys in Taiwan set up a wide discussion, and they were both inside and outside the official ceremony, which was often ashamed and hated. Lu You reappeared in his later years and wrote "Nanyuan Yueguquanji" for Han Yuxuan, see Ridicule Qingyi. Zhu Wengong once said that his ability is too high and his track is too close. He is afraid that he will be dragged by the powerful, and he will not be able to complete his late festival. It is not the person but the one who is with him. The disaster of the husband is lighter than shame. If you don’t want to be yourself, you’d rather refuse than to give. Even frugality and virtues contain chapters, and those who use them more than this will value a gentleman with little knowledge.” Young people have not yet reached the stage, and essays about seeking knowledge and seeing can’t be lightly written. "Han Changli Collection" has "Shangjing Zhaoyin Li Shishu", which says: "It has been fifteen years since I came to the capital. I have seen countless ministers and ministers, all of whom are able to keep their posts and do their jobs without fault. I have never seen anything sincere. Above, worry about the country as much as your home. Since this year, there has been no rain for more than a hundred days, no planting in the soil, no grass in the wild, and thieves dare not get up, and the price is not too high. If all the people in the county come to their homes in person, they are always fond of loot, shrunk and depressed, their souls die, their shadows disappear, and their traces are wiped out. If you don't order and subdue them, and proclaim the mighty virtue of heaven, how can they be like this." It is "Shun Zong Shilu", and the book demotes Jing Zhaoyin Li Shi as the governor of Tongzhou. It said: "Li Qiyun, who flattered Li Qiyun, suddenly moved to Jing Zhaoyin. He relied on favor and strong belly, regardless of grammar. It was a drought in spring and summer, and the capital was exhausted. Food, in fact, is not a matter of concern, and strives to collect and solicit it, so that it can be given away. Every time I play to Zhe, I say: "Although there is a drought this year, the ceremony is very good." Because of this, rents and taxes are unavoidable. People are so poor that they break down their houses and sell tiles and wood. Loaning wheat seedlings to respond to the official. Lingzhi Gongqing has been down, and according to his joy and anger, he falsely reported that he was removed, and the court feared it. There was an imperial edict to exempt the rent in the capital, but it was not possible. The imperial edict was used to levy it as before. Xiaoyong killed people, and the officials did not have a living. To the point of condemnation, the city cheers, and everyone is covered with rubble, covering the road and waiting for it, and they are actually exempted by the indirect road." It is very different from the previous book.Is it not the case that young people are underdeveloped, and they invest in articles for knowledge and insight, but they don't realize that their gaffes are evil?The gentleman in the future can be a warning. ○ Hypothetical words The ancients were Fu, and there are many hypothetical words.The preface of the past is considered as embellishment, and it is not necessary to match them one by one.The essays of Zixu, death is the public, and Mr. Wuyou have already started from Xiangru.The later author realized the meaning of his ancestors. Xie Zhuang's "Yuefu" "Chen Wangchu mourned Ying and Liu, and he had a lot of time to worry about." In the year he conquered Wu, in the 22nd year he died of illness in Chundao.Xu, Chen, Ying, and Liu all died in a short time, and it was also a year old.In the sixth year of Emperor Taihe of the Ming Dynasty, he established the title of King Chen. How can he be included in the historical biography to discuss the incompatibility of this Fu.Geng Xin's "Ode to the Dead Tree" not only stated that Yin Zhongwen was born as the governor of Dongyang, but then there was Huan Da Sima, and this is the same case.As stated in "Nagato Fu", it is nothing to do with Empress Chen's return to luck.Wandering and harmonious essays should not be discussed with Zhuang.The cloud of Chen Hou's return to luck is just like what Ma Rong said in "Flute Fu" that "Qu Ping is happy for the country, and he is recommended and rewarded". ○In Luji’s "Beneficial Distinction", which is not yet correct in ancient texts, it is called the Jin army, the first part is called "Wang Shi", and the second part is called "Qiang Wen Xinguo". The word also. Later generations do not know its meaning and cannot change it. Xie Gaoyu's "Weeping in Xitai" originally said "Wen Xingong", but misunderstood "Yan Lugong", originally said "Ji Song", and said "Ji Han ”。凡此皆有待于后人之改正者也。胡身之注《通鉴》，至二百八十卷石敬瑭以山后十六州赂契丹之事，而云“自是之后辽灭晋，金破宋”，其下阙文一行，谓蒙古灭金取宋，一统天下，而讳之不书，此有待于后人之补完者也，汉人言《春秋》所贬损大人当世君臣有威权势力者，其事皆见于书，故定、哀之间多微辞矣，况于易姓改物，制有华夏者乎。孟子曰：“不知其人可乎？是以论其世也，习其读而不知，无为贵君子矣。 ”郑所南《心史》书文丞相事，言公自序本末，未有称彼曰“大国”、曰“丞相”，又自称“天祥”，皆非公本语，旧本皆直斥彼酋名。然则今之集本或皆传书者所改。《金史?纥石列牙吾塔传》“北中亦遣唐庆等往来议和”，《完颜合达传》“北中大臣以舆地图指示之”，《完颜赛不传》“按春自北中逃回”。“北中”二字不成文，盖“卤中”也，修史者仍金人之辞未改。《晋书》刘元海、石季龙，作史者自避唐讳，后之引书者多不知而袭之，惟《通鉴》并改从本名。