Chapter 21 Volume 18

The books collected by the emperor in the Han Dynasty are all available for the ministers to read.Therefore, Liu Yu said that on the outside, there are the collections of Taichang, Taishi, and Doctors, and on the inside, there are Yange, Guangnei, and Secret Room.And Sima Qian was the order of Taishi, the book of the golden chamber in the fine stone chamber.Liu Xiang and Yang Xiong wrote to Tianlu Pavilion.Ban? Read group books, use his skills, and give him the assistant of a secretary.In Tokyo, Ban Gu and Fu Yi served as the official history of Lantai, and they also compiled the school books.Cao Bao wrote a ceremony in Dongguan.In Andiyong Junior High School, more than 50 people from Liu Zhen, the edict, and Dr. Yilang Sifu's history, went to Dongguan to correct the "Five Classics" and the biographies of the philosophers.Dou Zhangzhi was recommended, and Huang Xiangzhi was ordered to do so.After the Jin and Song Dynasties, this code was not discarded. Zuo Si, Wang Jian, Zhang Zuan and others read the secretaries salty and recorded them in the historical biography.And Liu Shilong lent two thousand volumes.In the Tang Dynasty, Wei Zheng, Yu Shinan, Cen Wenwen, Chun Suiliang, and Yan Shigu were all secretaries and supervisors. Those who selected the descendants of the fifth grade or above were handwritten, and stored in the inner library.And Xuanzong ordered Yuan Xingchong, a scholar of Hongwen Museum, to compile a bibliography of ancient and modern times, called "Four Records of Qunshu".With Yangcheng's eagerness to learn, he must read it if he wants to be an official of Jixian Academy.In the Song Dynasty, there were History Museum, Zhaowen Museum, and Jixian Academy, which were called the Three Halls. Emperor Taizong built the Chongwen Academy, and the middle was the Secret Pavilion.Renzong ordered to write and collate it, and one person who participated in political affairs led it. The book was completed and hidden in Taiqing Building, and Fan Zhongyan and others tried it as a recommendation.In addition, the edict of seeking books can be passed down from generation to generation, so the books of the people can be passed on to the emperor, and the books of the emperor are often passed on to the scholars and bureaucrats.Since Hongwu Pingyuan, many of the old books since the Southern Song Dynasty have been collected, and they have been hidden in the secret mansion for three hundred years. antiquity.Sima Qian's "Historical Records", Ban Gu's "Hanshu", Ganbao's "Jinshu", Liu Fangzhi's "Tang Calendar", Wu Jingzhi's "Tang Chunqiu", Li Zhuzhi's "Song Changbian", and they were circulated at that time.As for meetings, calendars, etc., since the trip to the south, many scholar-bureaucrats have them, and they are not forbidden.Today, the progress of the veritable record, burning grass in Taiye Pond, and hiding the truth in the imperial history, the officials in the court who did not tamper with it, could not see it, and the unofficial history and family biography were able to go alone in the world, and the people of the world did not know this.So even though the sage of the Master originated in the present age, he learned Xia and Yin rites but couldn't follow them, and he learned Zhou rites but couldn't follow them.Isn't it Xing who is secretive in forbidden history but neglects to be a man, works in collecting books but is clumsy in teaching?Then the curtain and bag were destroyed together, and the name of "Seven Strategies" was empty; the walls of the house were all damaged, and the words of "Six Classics" were not seen.Shout? Hope!

○The thirteen classics have been handed down by Confucians since the Han Dynasty, but only the Five Classics.The academic officials established in the Tang Dynasty said that the "Nine Classics", "Three Rites" and "Three Biography" were divided and studied, so it is called Nine Ye.Its engraved stone Guozixue, Zeyun "Nine Classics", and "Book of Filial Piety", "The Analects of Confucius", "Erya".When Song Shicheng and Zhu Zhu came out, they began to take the "University" and "The Doctrine of the Mean" in "Book of Rites", and entered "Mencius" to match "The Analects", which is called "Four Books".Because of this, the name of the "Thirteen Classics" was established.The books of Confucianism and Confucianism, or Confucianism and Confucianism, were either called Zhuan, or Jian, or Jie, or Xue, which are now commonly called annotations. "Book" is the biography of Kong Anguo, "Poetry" is the biography of Mao Chang, Zheng Xuan Jian, "Zhou Li", "Yi Li", "Book of Rites" is Zheng Xuan's annotation, "Gongyang" is He Xiuxue, and "Mencius" is Zhao Qi's annotation , all Han Chinese. "Yi" is annotated by Wang Porridge, a native of Wei. "Xi Ci", Annotated by Han Kangbo, from Jin Dynasty. "The Analects of Confucius" is collected and interpreted by He Yan, a native of Wei.Zuo's annotated by Du Yu, "Erya" by Guo Pu's annotated, and "liang" by Fan Ning's collection and interpretation, all from Jin Dynasty. "Book of Filial Piety" is the imperial annotation of Tang Minghuang.Later, the book on Confucianism and interpretation was called justice, but today it is commonly called Shu. "Old Tang Book, Biography of Confucianism": "Taizong used the scriptures to go to the sage for a long time, and there were many errors in the text. Yan Shigu, the servant of Zhongshu before the imperial edict, determined the "Five Classics" and promulgated them to the world. He also used Confucianism with many schools, with complicated chapters and sentences, to edict the country Zi Jijiu Kong Yingda and other Confucians compiled the meaning of the "Five Classics", with 170 volumes, called "Five Classics Justice", which was passed down to the world." Kong Yingda's "Five Classics of Justice" is in the world. The classics are revealed every year, and the exams are ordered according to this." At that time, there were five classics: "Yi", "Book", "Poetry", "Book of Rites", and "Zuoshi Chunqiu".In Yonghuizhong, Jia Gongyan began to write "Zhou Li" and "Yi Li". "Song History? Li Zhizhuan": "The Judgment of Guozijian said: "The "Five Classics" are already in order, but "Er Zhuan", "Er Li", "Xiao Jing", "The Analects of Confucius", "Erya" The Seven Classics have not been edited, and I hope that Cui Yizheng, Sun Yu, Cui Yu, etc. will re-edit them for publication. "Follow it." Today, people only know that "Five Classics and Justice" was written by Kong Yingda, but they don't know that it was not written by one person. Also, the biography of Yingda in the "New Book of Tang" says: "Chu Yingda, Yan Shigu, Sima Cai, Zhang Wanggong, and Wang Pan were ordered to write more than a hundred articles on the Five Classics, among which there must be redundancy, and Dr. Ma Jiayun refuted it. In the second year of Yonghui, the imperial edict and the doctor of Guozi Sanguan and the bachelor of Hongwenguan examined and corrected it, so the left servant of Shangshu shot Yu Zhining, the right servant shot Zhang Xingcheng, and the servant Gao Ji Supplements are added and lost, and books are laid down."

○The twenty-one histories of Jianben include only sixteen histories in the Song Dynasty, but today they combine the four histories of Song, Liao, Jin, and Yuan into twenty-one histories.However, there are no engraved editions of the Liao and Jin histories, and there are few human-to-human transmissions of the Southern and Northern Qi, Liang, Chen, and Zhou books. Therefore, the predecessors often used "Southern and Northern History" and "Tongjian" for citations, not as much as other books, nor Those who resume mining Liao and Jin are rare because of the foundation of the world.At the beginning of Jiajing, Zhang Bangqi and others asked the Nanjing State Prison to revise and engrave the history books, and wanted to send officials to buy the ancient folk books. The Ministry of Discussion was afraid of nuisance, so the superior ordered to correct and repair the old boards of the seventeen histories of the prison, and still use the Guangdong "Song History" "Ban Fujian, Liao and Jin history without a board, buy a rare copy and engrave it.It was completed in July of the eleventh year, and Lin Wenjun and others made sacrifices.In the middle of Wanli, the Beijian engraved "Thirteen Classics" and "Twenty-one Histories".However, the collation is not precise, the mistakes are very serious, and some people make changes without knowing it, I will give one or two.For example, "Wei Shu? The Biography of Cui Xiaofen": "Li Biao called Cui Ting and said: "Compared to seeing the virtuous son, he paid homage to the emperor, and his decree is very good. Now it should be the record of group worship." The "Northern History" engraved today has been changed to say: "Now it should be the ear of Jue Qun." It is ridiculous to change "Ji" to "Je" without knowing the name of Ji Qun, and to reverse its writing.Another example is the "Book of Jin? Hua Tan Zhuan" Wei Yun: "Yuan Fu in the south of Huainan was named Gongxuan, and he was also eager to learn, and he was as famous as Tan." The current version made a mistake in the quatrains of the word "Shi", skipped the line on the left, and added a Yuan Fu title, and then start with the word "Huai". At the end of the "Tong Zhuan of the King of Qi", it says: "Zheng Fang's name is Zihui." This surname is Zheng Mingfang, that is, Zheng Fang, a scholar in Yangyang, Yunnan, mentioned above. , today is to skip the line and add a three-character title of "Zheng Fangzhe". "Book of Tang? The Biography of Li Jingxuan" attaches Jingxuan's brother element at the end, and now Jingxuan belongs to the above, while brother element jumps.This discomfort is enough to show that there is no one in the university, and will it cause laughter in the future? Among the "Thirteen Classics", there are many mistakes in "Yi Li", and "Shi Hun Li" has fourteen characters in the section "The son-in-law gave Suim a speech saying that it is not enough to teach and it is a ritual". "Xiang She Li" removes the seven characters "Shi Lu Zhong Jing Yi Huo", "Shi Yu Li" removes the seven characters "crying and telling things to come out", and "Special Animal Feed Ritual" removes "the one who raises sacrifices to the soldiers" There are eleven characters of worshiping the elders and answering ", and the seven characters of "receiving Tan Xing by giving the corpse to sit" are removed in "Shaolao Food Giving Ceremony". This means that Qin Huo did not die, but died in the prison carving.As for the calendar officials, they must engrave a book as a gift, which is also very elegant, but it is unreadable to work recklessly.Lu Wenyu's "Jintai Jiwen" said: "In the Yuan Dynasty, there were school fields in all prefectures and counties. The so-called school ancestors were used for teachers and students, and the rest were engraved books. The number of places in the University of Technology is the same, so the school Those who are quite good at portraying, Hong Wuchu, all of them were collected in Chinese studies. Today, the "Sixteen Histories" of Nanjian's "Sixteen Histories" co-exist in the field, time, reconnaissance, and labor. It is clear that there is no land for the current school, and there is no reprinting of books. Some divisions may engrave it, but it is only for the purpose of giving back, and it is not produced, but it is printed in the workshop, and there are not many workers." I heard that the engraved books of the Song and Yuan Dynasties are all in the academy, and the master of the mountain is master. Therefore, there are three virtues in the engraving of the academy: the mountain chief is diligent in schooling without doing anything, one is the same; .There is a master of the right text, and it is difficult to answer this question.However, if the book has been changed for a bad publication, it cannot be obtained and corrected.Therefore, if you believe in the ancients and love the ancients, you must keep the old books; if you hear a lot of doubts, then the group of books should also be ordered together.This is not the responsibility of the gentleman of the future, but who is responsible? "Old Book of Tang" is sick of its legacy, and "New Book of Tang" is sick of its obscure text. It should be engraved in two books, and it is "Twenty-two Histories".For example, Song and Wei countries have their own books, but they also have "Southern History" and "Northern History", which are examples.

○The texts of Zhang Shen's Five Classics were tested by "Shuowen" and "Zi Lin".At that time, it was not far from ancient times, when the scriptures were not changed before the Kaiyuan period, the study of seal and calligraphy was learned by children. Today's Tang Ruizong's book Jinglong Guanzhong in Xi'an Mansion still has the seal script and the division method.As for the people of the Song Dynasty, they went back to the ancient times and benefited far away, but they said that the day can be chiseled. In the Dali, Zhang Shen wrote "Five Classics", according to "Shuowen" and "Zi Lin", the publication of correctness and inaccuracy is very meritorious to scholars. .During Kaicheng, Tang Xuandu supplemented it and reworked the "Nine Classics", which was carved in Guanzhong.There is no board, there are gaps in between, and there is no other book to prove it.Those who have good things in modern times engraved "Jiujing Buzi", which belongs to the book of Zhusheng Buzi, and it is based on meaning.I don't know that the text of this book is special "Five Classics", but the owner of the scriptures does not include it, and the words outside the scriptures are added indiscriminately, and the extensive training in the book is included.When I went to Guanzhong, I washed and washed the primordial stones, and there were one or two of them that were clearly different from the ones I made up. I know that scholars in recent days are unwilling to doubt and do this arbitrarily.

"Slow Han Shu? Confucian Biography": "The book of prophecy was not written by a sage, and many of them are similar to other characters." Those who are close to contempt are still the words commonly used today; Also, what people call "white characters" today is the transformation of other sounds.People from Shandong engraved "Golden Stone Records", in Li Yi'an's "Shuo Preface": "The second year of Shaoxing Xuan ⋯ the first day of the strong moon." I don't know that the strong moon comes from "Erya", but it is changed to "Peony".Most of the books engraved since Wanli are like "Peony".

○Three Dynasties Key Code "Song History? Jian Xuchen Biography": "Shao Shengzhong is a living doctor, a scholar, and a fellow student of national history. The sparse statement: "The imperial court was the day before Sima Guang and others likes and dislikes. However, he changed the code of punishment, changed and abolished the law, read the ancestral temple, looked at the two palaces, observed the facts and tested the words, and the facts are obvious. However, the traces are deep and secret, and they contain evil intentions. In the past eight years, they have been covered. The sparse case books are scattered in Yousi. If they are not collected and stored, they will be lost for a long time. I wish to learn what the treacherous ministers said and did, select officials and compile them, and make them into one copy, and put them in the second mansion, so as to show the great warning to future generations. ’ So I ordered Xu Chen and Xu Duo to compile the class, because there is no one who can avoid the disaster of recruiting gentry.” In the apocalypse, the compilation of "Three Dynasties Essential Code" is using the method of Xu Chen.People in the sect have their own references in their speeches, and the essays in Zhang Zou have their own right and wrong.If the historians keep both of them and keep them together, then the gentlemen of the future will be like holding a mirror to illuminate things, and there will be no escape from their form.People who are eccentric add pen and ink, and this party keeps what is true and discards what is wrong; in that party, what is wrong is kept and what is right is discarded, so the speaker's emotion is concealed, and single words can win.And like the book "Yao Dian", its words may not be completely wrong, but its meaning is different, so it is still the same for the book that follows it.The reason why this theory of the country has not been leveled is that it is difficult to believe in history in a hundred generations.Emperor Chonghua criticized Li Mingrui, the lecturer, and said: "The method of compiling the "Records" is only based on the facts and straight books, and it is not mutually exclusive." Great king said!Is it the criterion of history for all ages?

○Mishu In December of the first year of Emperor Wuzong Huichang of the Tang Dynasty, Zhongshumen made a memorial: "When ministers and ministers discuss matters, there must be clear evidence for whether to do or not to do. If you ask for permission, you will be praised; or if you talk weirdly, you will be punished. There must be approval and answers in the vassals and towns; when important officials announce their own notes, they must be clear and visible to the eyes and ears. Either the choice is stored in the hall case, or the deduction is in the imperial edict. The memorials and discussions recorded in the history books of the previous dynasties , I don’t think so. Recently, I have seen "Records", which contain a lot of secrets, words are not obvious to the court, things are not obvious to the right, and it is not enough to be believed. In the future, the chapters contained in the "Records" will be included. Those who need to be known by the imperial court can only be recorded, and please do not record the secrets. If this is the case, the law must be lawful, everyone is open to the public, the ambition of love and hatred is not good, and the words of praise and criticism must be believed." Follow it.Although this is out of Li Deyu's selfishness, his words are not unreasonable.Since the last year of Wanli, Zhang Shu kept everything in China, copied the biography but revealed it with the pavilion.Since the apocalypse, there have been many slanderous words, and even more words.I have personally seen the son of a minister who changed his father's grass and engraved it in order to deceive him. The false accusations were worse than in the Tang Dynasty.Therefore, the aspirations are written in the book, so that the gentlemen of history can examine them carefully and severely denounce them.

○The redundancy of posting yellow chapters reaches the extreme between Wanli and Tianqi.A sparse recommendation of dozens of people, more than two or three thousand words, all of which are branching words.Emperor Chongzhen was in the prime of his life, and he worked diligently to govern, diligently surveyed, and speedy in criticizing and answering, which has never been seen in recent dynasties.After a few months, I was quite tired of it and ordered the cabinet to stick to the yellow style.Even if the official sums up the summary, it is only a hundred words, and the tail of the calf is attached for easy reference.The reason for this yellow sticker is also.Song Ye Mengde's "Swallows in the Stone Forest" said: "In the Tang system, the edict was changed, and it was pasted with paper, which is called yellow paste. If the yellow paper is used for the imperial edict, the paster is also yellow paper. Today's memorials are all white paper. Intentionally unfinished, revealing its essential points, and using yellow paper to leave the book behind, it is called sticking yellow, and the cover is lost. The table and chapters briefly list the items and the sun and the moon. Those who see it in the front and cover are also called introduction yellow."

○Records and annotations of ancient people, the left history records the events, and the right history records the words, so prevent mistakes and show the queen.The post of note is still here.Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was well versed in the classics, especially important matters.Su Mian said: "In Zhenguan, every day when the court retreated, Dazong and the ministers discussed political affairs, and he ordered the living man to keep the records." From the notes of Zhenguan, the political affairs were called Bi Bei, and in the Gaozong Dynasty, the meeting was silent, and there was Si Wei There are two things to see in the speech.Afterwards, Xu Jingzong and Li Yifu used power to make many false statements, fearing that the official historian would write directly about their shortcomings, so they ordered to come out at any time, and they should not be prepared to hear about the aircraft, because of the story. "Old Tang Book? Yao Yu Biography": "In the second year of longevity, Zuo Cheng moved to Wenchang and Fengge Luantai to make peace. Since Yonghui, the left and right historians have to fight against each other to inherit the order. The emperor's Mo Xun cannot be recorded without records. If he does not announce himself to the prime minister, the historian will not be able to obtain the book. Instead, he will ask the military and state officials to say what he said. The writing of Shizheng Ji started from the beginning.”

○The Encyclopedia of Four Books and Five Classics After Zhu Yu wrote "The Great Learning of the Mean Chapters or Questions" and "The Analects of Confucius and Mencius Collection", Huang's "Analects of Confucius", and the collection of quotations attached to Zhu Zizhangju began from Zhenshi, named Ri "Jiyi", only the book "University", Zhu Shi imitated it, and it is the "Four Books Appendices". There are Cai's "Four Books Collection", Zhao's "Four Books Usurping Shu", Wu's "Four Books" integrated".In the past, the theorists were sick and overflowing, so Chen wrote "Four Books Invention", and Hu wrote "Four Books Accessed and Determined Characters". release".Since Yongle, Confucian officials were ordered to usurp and revise "The Complete Collection of Four Books" and awarded it to academic officials, but all the books were abolished.Ni's "Compilation of Interpretations" can now be seen in "Sishu Tongyi" engraved by Liu Yongzhang.The "Four Books Complete Collection" compiled by Yongle Zhong has some additions and deletions, and its detail and simplicity are probably not as good as Ni's.As far as "Chunqiu Daquan" is completely inherited from Wang Kekuan's "Hu Chuan Zhuanshu", but the word "Yuyong" in it has been changed to "Wang Shiyue", and one or two items such as Luling Li Shi have been added. The "Book of Songs" completely followed the Yuan Dynasty Liu Jin's "Shi Zhuan Tong Shi", and changed the word "Yuyong" in it to "Ancheng Liu Shiyue".None of the descendants of the three classics has seen the old books, and it may not be because of the predecessors.On that day, the Confucian officials were ordered to compile the "Complete Book of the Four Books and Five Classics", awarding meal money, writing notes, and on the day the book was completed, money was given to move them to rank.It will be said that this book has been completed, it can be used as a teaching contribution for a generation, and it can inspire the thoughts of scholars for hundreds of generations, but only copy and copy the completed book, deceive the imperial court at the top, and deceive the scholars at the bottom. Did it happen in the Tang and Song Dynasties?Isn't it true that the ministers of the bones have been empty in the Jianwen generation?At the beginning of Zhiyi, people abandoned the practical knowledge passed down since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and learned from each other from top to bottom, using gluttony for profit, and don't ask questions, woohoo!The abolition of Confucian classics has really begun since then, and it is difficult for the gentlemen of the past to sweep away and change them.

○The biography of the book will be selected in April Bingxu, the 27th year of Hongwu, and the Confucian officials will be ordered to rectify the "Book Biography" of the Song Confucian Cai.As mentioned above, the movement of the sun, moon and five stars in Cai's "Book Biography" is different from that in Zhu Zi's "Shi Zhuan", and there are some unsatisfactory comments on other annotations and Zou Jiyou's discussion in Panyang. All in all.Those who have passed on the Cai family will keep it, and those who have lost it will correct it, and it is not enough to adopt the sayings of various schools.In September Guichou, the book was completed, and it was named "Shu Zhuan Hui Xuan", and ordered the Ministry of Rites to issue it to the world.According to this book, if "Yao Dian" says "great left rotation, the sun, moon and five stars turn right against the sky", "Gao Zong Xun Ri" says "Zu Geng interpreted in Gao Zong's temple", "Xi Bo Kan Li" said it was King Wu, "Luo "Hao" "It is only seven years since Zhou Gong was born, protected civil and military affairs", and it is not easy to say that it took seven years for Zhou Gong to become king.Each biography is based on scriptures and biography, and the sound, font, and meaning of the dry characters are discussed in detail in "Yin Shi".The names of ancient people and the titles of ancient books used in the biography must have the source, and the allusions are also verified.Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the scale of Confucianism is still there, and those who write this book have been learning from childhood, not from stereotyped people. Therefore, although the books written by them are not as good as those of the early Confucians, they still have merits for the later scholars. .In the revision of the "Shangshu Daquan" in Yongle, not only did the anecdotes be deleted, but also the "Yin Shi" did not exist.It is foolish to say that from the end of the Song Dynasty to the early years of the Ming Dynasty, the talents of Confucian classics flourished here.Since stereotypes were practiced and ancient learning was abandoned, the "Complete Book" came out and the scriptures died, the ten clans were punished and the ministers changed, between Hongwu and Yongle, there was also a meeting of the ups and downs of the world. ○The ancient sages in the inner classics taught people that their actions were filial piety, loyalty, and their duties were sweeping, coping, advancing and retreating, and their articles were in "Poems", "Books", "Rituals", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn" , its body is used in sources, places, and communication, and its application to the world is in government orders, enlightenment, and punishment.Although it is harmonious and smooth in the accumulation, and the brilliance comes out in the evening, there is also a distinction between body and function, but there is no theory that the heart is inside.Since Lao Zhuang's learning was practiced in the Warring States period, Gao Zi is also the outsider, and Zhuangzi is outside the world, outside things, and outside life.So wise men despise thin poetry and books, thinking that this is the dross of the former kings who ruled the world.However, Buddha came to China late, and his words of purity and compassion are suitable for attracting the admiration of the world.The gentlemen of the Six Dynasties derived it from this, from the theory of purity and freedom to the extreme, so that neither birth nor death, people are in Nirvana, so Yang's is me.From the theory of compassion and benefit to the extreme, so as to save all living beings and transcend the sea of ​​suffering, this is Mo's universal love.The words of the world do not belong to Yang, but to Mo, and the Buddha family is both.Its biography was so popular that later scholars called its book an internal canon.To push the purpose of establishing words, don't you interpret the inside and the outside as Confucianism?Husband interprets internally and Confucianism externally, this self-styled language, how can scholars agree with it, "Huang's Daily Note" says: ""The Analects? Covenant, so the movement must seek the body, and the meaning of the language is enough.” It is also recorded that Xie Shi said: “The learning of all masters comes from sages, and the further away they are, the more they lose their authenticity. Only Zengzi’s learning is dedicated to the inside, so There is no harm in teaching it. The heart of a husband has all the principles and should respond to all things. He who corrects his heart is just about to govern the country and the world.”Confucianism did not say that the heart is in the heart, the heart is in the heart, the theory of modern Shan school Er. Like Shan Lu, because Zeng Zi’s learning came from within, his learning was not passed on; the other masters went to outsiders. What is handed down to the world today is the learning of outsiders, not the truth of Confucius. Therefore, outside the Analects, It is self-proclaimed to be a learning that cannot be passed on. Everything comes from Xie’s theory. Later, there is Zhu Zi, so this article should be removed from the annotated collection.” Chu Shaosun supplemented "Funny Biography", taking biographies and miscellaneous stories as outsiders, based on "Six "Jing" is also inside.Confucians in the Eastern Han Dynasty regarded Qiwei as internal learning and the Six Classics as external learning.The text of prophecy with pictures, the nature and the way of heaven of one return, cannot be heard.Now in a hundred generations, Xiaoran has realized what is wrong.Today's so-called internal learning is not in the book of prophecy, but in Shishi. Xinxue "Huang's Japanese Notes" explains "Shangshu" "The human heart is only dangerous, the Taoist heart is only subtle, only refined, and unique, and it is allowed to stick to the middle." This chapter says: "This chapter is based on the words of Yao and Shun. Yu added Yan Er in detail. Yao ordered Shun to say: "Allow to hold Juezhong." Now Shun added the words "Dang Wei Jingyi" to "Allow to hold Juezhong", so that he could judge and select those who can hold the middle Also. The words of this training are all mastered by Yao’s words. Yao’s command to Shun said: "The world is poor and poor, and the heavenly fortune will end forever." May wish" be above "Tianlu's eternal end", and "so be vigilant about it, so as not to be impoverished and die forever", the words of this precept are also based on the second language of Yao's "eternal end" Also, the precepts of holding on to the middle are the right words; It won’t last forever, how can it be set up for the heart of words. In modern times, people like to talk about the heart, abandoning the main purpose of the whole chapter and only discussing the heart of the human heart, and even talking about the two words of the heart of Tao, and directly saying that the heart is the way, which is trapped in Zen. Without knowing it, it is far away from Yao, Shun, and Yu's original purpose of accepting the world. Kui Jiufeng's book "Shu Zhuan" narrates Zhu Zi's words: "The ancient sages gave the world to people, and they did not use the law of governance. And spread it together.” It can be said that he deeply understood the original purpose of this chapter. Although Jiufeng also believed that it was the heart of the Ming emperor, the heart is the foundation of governing the country and the world, and his theory is correct. Later, he entered this book and passed it on to the court. The reason is that it is based on the teaching of the three sages to teach the mind. Scholars of the world then point to the sixteen characters in this book as the essentials for teaching the mind, and Zen scholars use it as a basis for it.” Idiot, the heart does not need to be taught, it is popular in the world, There is no difference between the ancient and the modern, and it is also rational.Reason is in my heart, but it is tested in things.Those who have a heart, so we follow this principle and don't make mistakes.Whether a person is virtuous or not, the gains and losses of things, and the order and chaos of the world are all judged here.The reason why this sage observes the dangers and subtleties, and passes on the way of holding on to the middle, so that nothing is unreasonable, and there is nothing wrong with it.Zen Buddhism regards reason as an obstacle, and only refers to the heart, saying "don't establish words, just pass on the seal of the heart".The study of sages and sages, from one heart to the use of the world and the country, is nothing more than the popularity of the most rational, clear and insightful, everyone is the same, and it has lasted for thousands of years.He Chuanzhi said: "The common saying is steeped in obscenity, although a sage may have to use his words, so he presumes what he sees in the book." "Zhongyong Zhangju" quoted Cheng Zi's words: "This article is the teaching of the mind by Confucius." Also. It is to borrow Shi Shi's words, not without discretion. The book "The Analects of Confucius" talks about the heart three times, saying, "At seventy, follow what the heart desires, without exceeding the rules";It is the teaching of "practice will survive, abandonment will perish", which is not recorded by the disciples, but it is only seen in "Mencius".If you haven't imitated the sage's concern, but suddenly say that you follow your heart, this is the so-called eating all day long without using your heart, but what you do during the day and night will lead to death.Tang Renqing replied in a letter saying: "Since the rise of new learning, famous writers have written, and many of them have taken the liberty to live there. However, their linguistics is just a matter of heart. Yuan heard that there was learning in ancient times, but not learning in heart; ancient times were good. Learning, not hearing good intentions. The word "mind learning", "Six Classics", Confucius and Mencius does not teach. Today's scholars of speech say that the mind is the way, but they don't understand it. Why? The purpose of the danger is also, Although he is holy, he does not dare to speak. Many people today blame Yuan’s language learning and give up his heart. If the deacon’s responsibility is not easy to learn, Yuan can also have no words for the deacon. Is it because of benevolence?" He also said: "One day self-denial and return to ritual." It has also been "doing things all day long, and doing things." Yuan failed. Confucius, the sun and the moon came to Yan, the master still did not allow him to be eager to learn , and it’s almost impossible to do it every day, so it’s okay to say that you don’t want to learn. But I don’t know what the deacon calls the scholar’s ​​benevolence? I also know that it is not possible; "The meaning of a deacon must be that benevolence, propriety and affairs are the heart, and the force is based on benevolence, and the force is on the heart.To restore the rituals is to restore the heart; to do things is to act with the heart.Zeyuan's incomprehension is still like yesterday, and it is not necessary to call it unlearned. "He also said: "The heart of those who breed for good, and those who breed for profit may not necessarily be unintentional. Dangerous, heart! Judging good or bad, other people, even if they are great sages, must guard against them, and dare to speak heart? Heart? Scholars, learn with the heart. To learn with the heart is to take the heart as the nature. The heart can have the nature, but the heart cannot be the nature. Therefore, if you seek peace of mind, you will be wrong; if you seek the heart, you will be wrong. The heart is. What I am sick of is the heart, and I seek the heart for it. The fruit of the heart is not the same as mine. The fruit of the heart can be learned, so the words "control the heart with etiquette, and keep the heart with benevolence" are not a hindrance to the heart. And!" "The Analects of Confucius": "The benevolent is safe with benevolence." Annotation: "Xie said: The heart of the benevolent has no inside and outside, far and near, and fine and rough. It does not perish unless it exists, and it does not remain chaotic unless it is rational." This The words of Jiezhuang and Lie are not my Confucianism.Taijia said: "Gu? This is the clear destiny of heaven." Confucius said: "Returning to be a human being, choose the mean, and if you get a good thing, you will obey it and never lose it." Therefore, it is said, "Practice will survive, and abandon will perish." "Who is the one who does not wait to survive but does not perish? ○ Juye Lin Wenlao's "Fuzhou Fuzhi" said: "Yu Hao asked about the current affairs of the elders, or it was Yu Yanlin Shangmo, Fang Youxiang's preface, as a student member, that is, he was proud of his talent and he was the best scholar in the world. However, at the time Yang Wenzhen and Jin Wenjing were the ones who tested the students. At that time, Fu Shangmo was special in educating Ziye ears, and Yang and Jin's two scholars were both old scholars and famous Confucianists. When is the time, learn from one, take it from the top, and learn it from the bottom. For example, a car builder does not go out, but knows that it is suitable for the four directions. Starting from the beginning, using profit to lure future generations to follow their studies, destroying Confucianism, and spreading them lowly, is nothing more than abandoning fashion. As a result, scholars are at a loss and don't know what to follow. If you say it, you can't bear to abandon the biography and annotations. You can't do it for yourself, so it's better than others? Woohoo! The scholar's Huaijin holds Yu, and Fan Chi drives those who don't meet, and they can win the way! That's why shooting has no definite goal, so Yi can't be a coincidence If there is no conclusion in learning, you can't work in summer. If you want to have the same morals and the same customs, you must start with adults not advocating gossip." He also said: "The people who lecture recently are close to the truth and confused the truth. Those who follow their sects They all took honorary names, so they sang Baihe, and the first loggers called Xiexu, and then knocked on it slowly, but the shortcut to Huizhou is in Zhongnan, and there is really nothing that can save it." Dongxiang Ai Nanying, "Huangming Jinwen "Waiting foreword" said: "Woohoo! Who is the originator of the theory of Zen in the whole industry? It is due to one or two clever people who can argue, who hate the ancient Confucianism's theory of respect, righteousness, sincerity, and poor rationality. They are happy, simple and fearful The end of the rope bundle originated from the season of crossing south in the Song Dynasty, and the book of the Yang family in Cihu is the most authored. At the beginning of the country, the laws and regulations were strict, and the bandit Cheng and Zhu Zhi's words were not followed. Gai picked up the theory of conscience, but the scholars were a little different. Well, I look at his books, but his teachers and friends talked about the establishment of Mingzong, and they did not try to build careers by human beings. His disciples Longxi and Xushan clarified the theory of their teachers, but they went too far, and they did not try to build careers by human beings. Longxi If the deeds are not passed on, the Yangming and Xushan classes can be tested. Compared with his writing, Heng is more detailed and reserved. If it is not the beginning, he wants to be different from the scholars of the Zhu family. But who is the one who started it today? And? My aunt hides her name, but she also annotates her text in detail, so that scholars know that those who take the dross of the sect as the side of the career start from Si people. Woo hoo, I descended to pass on the lamp, and said it at the beginning of the sect. The superficial and the deep are far away, and what's more, they are attached to help the Confucianists, Mohists, and their humbleness can overcome the Tao. Today's main purpose is nothing more than "ears from the sky, eyes from the sky", and it is like telling the master that life is called nature. That's all. I'm tired of the detours of reasoning and studying things, and I still tell my master, "Don't talk about it, don't ask for it in your heart". Let it go and do it in the dark, there is no one who does not live in the villain. This is why "The Doctrine of the Mean" talks about the nature and not the mind, "Mencius" talks about the mind and must be the original nature, "The Great Learning" talks about the mind and must be said to correct the mind. I will have a treatise on it, but I can say that it is generally the same. Scholars It can be abandoned." He also said: "In Jiajing, although the books of Yao and Jiang were popular in the world, scholars still strictly followed Cheng and Zhu in their careers. Therefore, Longqing Wuchen's "The Analects of Confucius Chengyi" was the first to open the sect. This aid was steeped in obscenity, and there was no end to it. Most of the scientific examination texts plagiarized the words of Wang's disciples, slandering Cheng and Zhu. "There is a fake Luo Lun's " In the article "Extending Knowledge in Gewu", it breaks the title and says: "A confidant is more than a scholar." According to Luo WenyiIn the second year of Chenghua, Zhong Chenghua became a Jinshi. At that time, scholars had no different learning. If there is this article, then the theory of conscience began in Yizheng, not in Bo'an.What's more, the predecessors did not have such a body, and they used it as the ear of the famous officials of the previous dynasty. ○The word "true" is not used in the "Five Classics" of Zhuangzi to break the title, and it was first seen in the books of Lao Zhuang. "Laozi" said: "There is essence in it, and its essence is very real." "Zhuangzi? "The Great Master" said: "It's just that it's true, but I'm still a human being." "Liezi" said: "The spirit is separated from the form, and each returns to its truth, so it is called a ghost. Ghosts return to themselves. Return to their true houses ""Hanshu? Yang Wangsun Biography" said: "The dead are transformed throughout their lives, and those who return things are also. Those who return get to, and those who transform have to change. It is true that things are different." "Shuowen" said: " It’s true, the immortal transforms into the sky.” Xu’s family biography said: “The real one is immortal, and he transforms. From the dagger, the dagger is transformed. Rebelling against people is perish. From the eyes, from the dagger, enter what they take advantage of.” Life is the source, and death is the return, so there are the names of real people, real kings, and real rulers.Qin Shihuang said: "I admire real people." He called himself "real people", not "Zhen".Wei Taiwu changed Yuan Taiping Zhenjun, and Tang Xuanzong called the "truth" by the book of the four sons, all of which are based on this.According to later generations, Naisui and False are right.Li Si's "Book of the King of Shang Qin": "The man who hits the urn and knocks the pot, plays the zither and beats the legs, and sings and sings with quick ears and eyes, and the voice of the real Qin." Han Xin asked to be a false king, and Emperor Gao said: "A man who decides the princes will It’s a real king’s ear, why is it a fake!” He even said to Dongyuan, “True determination”.Dou Rong's "Shangguang Wushu" said: "How can you betray the true and old masters, and serve the treacherous and hypocritical people." The truth is also slightly different from what Lao and Zhuang said.In the Song Dynasty, "Xuan" was taboo and replaced with "Zhen", so the temple name was Zhenzong.Xuanwu Qisu was changed to "Zhenwu", Xuanming was changed to "Zhenming", and Xuanku was changed to "Zhenfang". "Chongwen Zongmu" refers to "Taixuan Jing" as "Taizhen", which is still not far from its origin.In the second year of the Longqing Examination, the main examiners hated the Five Classics and liked Lao Zhuang, dismissed the old news and admired the new learning. A sage uses true knowledge, but he is not ignorant of his heart." "Zhuangzi? The Great Master": "There are real people and then there is true knowledge." "Liezi? Zhongni Chapter": "There is no joy and ignorance, which is true joy and true knowledge." Shiming Use "Zhuangzi" as the words of people.In the fifty years since then, all the books used in the industry have been Shi and Lao's books. The comet swept Beidou and Wenchang, and the water in the Yuhe River turned red blood. Wen, which has been cultivated for a long time, and the words that are not classics come from the pen, just like the evil voice of the neighbor's witch that Kang Kunlun suffered from.Although, based on the school of Zhou and Yuan Gongdao studies, and it is a book, there are still so-called "truths of infinity", so why should I blame the people of today. "Mencius" said: "Those who know what they don't care about, their conscience is also good." The next civilization refers to loving relatives and respecting elders.If the husband teaches respect because of strictness, and love because of relatives, then he must wait to learn and know.Today's scholars use the conscience of "Mencius" openly, and secretly use the true knowledge of "Zhuangzi". ○In March of the 30th year of Wanli’s imperial ban, Feng Qi, Minister of the Ministry of Rites, said: "The words of Zhang Wenda, the emperor Nadu gave the incident, corrected Li Zhi’s crime of deceiving the world and slandering the people, and burned all his books. Its advocacy of righteousness and warding off evil is very grand. The minister steals that the state uses classics to select scholars, except for the "Five Classics", "Four Books", "Twenty-one History", "Tongjian", and the books of Xing Li, which are not listed in the I am a scholar, and the biography and annotations of the scriptures are based on those set by Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. This is the purpose of the ancients to dismiss all schools of thought and only respect the Confucian family. Since the prosperity of the humanities, scholars have learned to be pure and pure. Extravagant; endlessly slender, gradually greedy for novelty; endlessly novel, gradually becoming eccentric. At first, it still attached to the philosophers to set up a banner, but now it respects the two clans to fight against each other. Abandoning Confucius and Mencius is not destroying Cheng and Zhu, but "Nanhua" , The language of Xizhu is the sect and competition. The truth is empty, and the empty is true. The name and teaching are the shackles, and the discipline is the wart. Buddhist scriptures with words that are slightly similar in heart and nature are jumping into the holy words, and those with empty words and no words in the Bible are better than Zen Buddhism. The language is contradictory, and the thesis is not in chapters. I invite the local officials to burn all the new opinions in the market. If the students quote a sentence from Buddhist scriptures, they will be suspended for one month. Additions are not allowed to help, and more than three sentences will be dismissed. Chinese ink scrolls quote a sentence from Buddhist scriptures. If you are a student, you will stop one subject, you will not be allowed to take a test, and many will be deposed. Fu begging heavenly words, it must be done. Since ancient times, there has been a world of immortals and Buddhas. They must be ignorant of learning, and the fate of the world must not change. That is to say, they can achieve the ultimate , It is not beneficial to the country, not to mention those who cough and spit to cover up their fame and fortune? My Dao is divided into two divisions; and then the essence of Shishi is taken, and the yin is attached to my Dao; and then the name and method of Shishi are shown outside of my Dao. Not the Holy Lord Adhere to the middle and build the pole, the group of workers have the same virtue, and the fate of the world is unknown." The above said: "The ancestors maintained the world and established the religion, and respected Confucius. Ming Jing is right and wrong, abandoning the inspection, and returning to the righteous, loyal and filial people. Is it for the imperial court? Lanqing and other melodies are more profound than worldly teachings and are of benefit, so you can list the terms and conditions. Immortal Buddha is a strange art, and it is advisable to practice it alone in the mountains and forests.正，然而舊染既深，不能盡滌；又在位之人多以護借士子科名為陰德，亦不甚摘發也。至於未年，詭僻彌甚。新學之興，人皆土苴《六經》，因而不讀傳注，崇幀三年，浙江鄉試題「義用明俊民用章」。上文「歲月日時無易」，傳曰：「不失其時也。」第三名龔廣生文，誤以為歷家「一日十二時」之時，而取冠本經，刻為程文。九年，應天鄉試題「『王請大之』至『文王一怒而安天下之民』」，內有「以遏祖莒」，注曰：「『莒』，《詩》作『旅』，眾也。」謂密人侵阮、徂、共之眾也。第二十三名周天一文，誤以為《春秋》莒人」之莒，亦得中式，部科不聞磨勘。詔令之不行至此。 ○朱子晚年定論《宋史?陸九淵傳》：「初，九淵嘗與朱熹會鵝湖，論辯所學，多不合。及熹守南康，九淵訪之。熹與至白鹿洞，九淵為講『君子小人喻義利』一章，聽者至有泣下，熹以為切中學者隱微深痼之病。至於無極而大極之辯，則貽書往來，論難不置焉。」王文成所輯《朱子晚年定論》，今之學者多信之，不知當時羅文莊已嘗與之書而辯之矣。其書曰：「詳《朱子定論》之編，蓋以其中歲以前所見未真，及晚年始克有悟。乃於其論學書牘三數十卷之內，摘此三十餘條，其意皆主於向裡者，以為得於既悟之餘，而斷其為定論。斯其所擇宜亦精矣，第不知所謂晚年者，斷以何年為定？偶考得何叔京氏卒於淳熙乙未，時朱子年方四十有六。慢二年丁酉，而《論孟集注或問》始成。今有取於答何書者四通，以為晚年定論；至於《集注或問八則以為中年未定之說。竊恐考之欠詳，而立論之太果也。又所取《答黃直卿》一書，監本止雲此是向來差誤，別無『定本』二字，今所編增此二字，而序中又變『定』字為『舊』字，卻未詳『本』字所指。朱子有《答呂東萊》一書，嘗及定本之說，然非指《集注或問》也。凡此，愚皆不能無疑，顧猶未足深論。竊以執事天資絕世，而日新不已。向來恍若有悟之後，自以為證諸《五經》、《四子》，沛然若決江河而放諸海；又以為精明的確，洞然無復可疑。某固信其非虛語也。然又以為獨於朱子之說有相抵悟，揆之於理，容有是邪？他說固未敢請，嘗讀《朱子文集》，其第三十二卷皆與張南軒答問書。內第四書亦自以為：『其於實體似益精明，因復取凡聖賢之書，以及近世諸老先生之遺語，讀而驗之，則又無一不合。』蓋平日所疑而未白者，今皆不待安排，往往自見灑落處，與執事之所自序者無一語不相似也，書中發其所見，不為不明；而卷未一書，提綱振領，尤為詳盡。竊以為千聖相傳之心學，殆無以出此矣。不知何故，獨不為執事所取？無亦偶然也邪？若以此二書為然，則《論孟集注》、《學庸章句或問》不容別有一般道理；如其以為未合，則是執事精明之見，決與朱子異矣！凡此三十餘條者，不過姑取之以證成高論，而所謂先得我心之所同然者，安知不有豪厘之不同者為祟於其間，以成抵牾之大隙哉！又執事於朱子之後，特推草廬吳氏，以為見之尤真，而取其一說，以附三十餘條之後。竊以草廬晚年所見端的與否，以未易知。蓋吾儒昭昭之雲，釋氏亦每言之，豪厘之差正在於此。即草廬所見果有合於吾之所謂昭昭者，安知非其四十年間鑽研文義之效，殆所謂真積力久而豁然貫通者也。蓋雖以明道先生之高明純粹，又蚤獲親炙於濂溪，以發其吟風弄月之趣，亦必反求諸《六經》而後得之。但其所稟鄰於生知，聞一以知十，與他人極力於鑽研者不同耳，又安得以前日之鑽研文義為非，而以墮此科臼為悔？夫得魚忘筌，得兔忘蹄可也。矜魚兔之獲，而反追咎筌蹄，以為多事，其可乎哉？東陳建作《學通辯》，取朱子年譜、行狀、文集、語類及與陸氏兄弟往來書札，逐年編輯而為之，辯曰：『朱、陸早同晚異之實，二家譜集具載甚明。近世東山趙?方《對江右六君子策》乃云『朱子《答項平父書》有去短集長之言』，豈鵝湖之論至是而有合邪？使其合併於晚歲，則其微言精義必有契焉，而子靜則既往矣，此朱、陸早異晚同之說所萌芽也。程篁墩因之，乃著《道一編》，分朱，陸異同為三節，始焉如冰炭之相反，中焉則疑信之相半，終焉若輔車之相依。朱、陸早異晚同之說，於是乎成矣。王陽明因之，遂有《朱子晚年定論》之錄，專取朱於議論與象山合者，與《道一編》輔車之說正相唱和矣。凡此皆顛倒早晚，以彌縫陸學，而不顧矯誣朱子，誑誤後學之深。故今編年以辯，而二家早晚之實，近儒顛倒之弊，舉昭然矣。」又曰：「朱子有朱子之定論，像山有象山之定論，不可強同。專務虛靜，完養精神，此象山之定論也。主敬涵養，以立其本；讀書窮理，以致其知；身體力行，以踐其實，三者交修並盡，此朱子之定論也。乃或專言涵養，或專言窮理，或止言力行，則朱子因人之教、因病之藥也。今乃指專言涵養者為定論，以附合於象山，其誣朱子甚矣！」又曰「趙東山所云，蓋求朱、陸生前無可同之實，而沒後乃臆料其後會之必同，本欲安排早異晚同，乃至說成生異死同，可笑可笑！如此豈不適所以彰朱，陸平生之未嘗同，適自彰其牽合欺人之弊？奈何近世咸信之，而莫能察也。昔裴延齡掩有為無，指無為有，以欺人主。陸亙公謂其愚弄朝廷，甚於趙高指鹿為馬。今篁墩輩分明掩有為無，指無為有，以欺弄後學，豈非吾道中之延齡哉！」又曰：「昔韓絳、呂惠卿代王安石執政，時號絳為傳法沙門，惠卿為護法善神。愚謂近日繼陸學而興者，王陽明是傳法沙門，程篁墩則護法善神也。宛平孫承澤謂陽明所編，其意欲借朱子以攻朱子。且吾夫子以天縱之聖，不以生知自居，而曰好古敏求，曰多聞多見，曰博文約禮，至老刪述不休，猶欲假年學《易》。朱子一生傚法孔子，進學必在致知，涵養必在主敬，德性在是，問學在是。如謬以朱子為支離，為晚悔，則是吾夫子所謂好古敏求，多聞多見，博文約禮皆早年之支離，必如無言、無知、無能為晚年自悔之定論也。以此觀之，則『晚年定論』之刻，真為陽明舞文之書矣。蓋自弘治、正德之際，天下之士厭常喜新，風氣之變已有所自來，而文成以絕世之資，倡其新說，鼓動海內。嘉靖以後，從王氏而詆朱子者，始接踵於人間，而王尚書發策謂：『今之學者偶有所窺，則欲盡發先儒之說而出其上；不學則借一貫之言以文其陋；無行則逃之性命之鄉，以便人不可詰。』此三言者，盡當日之情事矣。故王門高弟為泰州、龍溪二人。泰州之學一傳而為顏山農，再傳而為羅近溪、趙大洲。龍溪之學一傳而為何心隱，再傳而為李卓吾、陶石簣。昔范武子論王弼、何晏二人之罪深於桀紂，以為一世之患輕，歷代之害重；自喪之惡小，迷眾之罪大。而蘇子瞻謂李斯亂天下，至於焚書坑儒，皆出於其師荀卿高談異論而不顧者也。《困知之記》、《學之編》，固今日中流之砥柱矣。」《姑蘇志》言姚榮國著書一卷，名曰《道餘錄》專詆程、朱。少師亡後，其友張洪謂人曰：「少師於我厚，今死矣，無以報之，但每見《道餘錄》，輒為焚棄。」少師之才不下於文成，而不能行其說者，少師當道德一、風俗同之日，而文成在世衰道微、邪說又作之時也。嘉靖二年，會試發策，謂朱、陸之論終以不合，而今之學者顧欲強而同之，豈樂彼之徑便，而欲陰詆吾朱子之學與？究其用心，其與何澹、陳賈輩亦豈大相遠與？至筆之簡冊，公肆詆訾，以求售其私見，禮官舉祖宗朝故事，燔其書而禁斥之，得無不可乎！當日在朝之臣有能持此論者，涓涓不塞，終為江河，有世道之責者，可無履霜堅冰之慮。以一人而易天下，其流風至於百有餘年之久者，古有之矣。王夷甫之清談，王介甫之新說，其在於今，則王伯安之良知是也。孟子曰：「天下之生久矣。一治一亂。」撥亂世反之正，豈不在於後賢乎！ ○李贄《神宗實錄》：「萬曆三十年閏二月乙卯，禮科給事中張問達疏劾李贄：『壯歲為官，晚年削髮，近又刻《藏書》、《焚書》、《卓吾大德》等書，流行海內，惑亂人心。以呂不韋、李園為智謀，以李斯為才力，以馮道為吏隱，以卓文君為善擇佳耦，以秦始皇為千古一帝，以孔子之是非為不足據，狂誕悖戾，不可不毀。尤可恨者，寄居麻城，肆行不簡，與無良輩游庵院，挾妓女，白晝同浴，勾引士人妻女入庵講法，至有攜衾枕而宿者，一境如狂。又作《觀音問》一書，所謂觀音者，皆士人妻女也，後生小子喜其猖狂放肆，相率煽惑，至於明劫人財，強摟人婦，同於禽獸，而不之恤。邇來縉紳士大夫亦有誦咒念佛，奉僧膜拜。手持數珠，以為律戒；室懸妙像，以為皈依。不知遵孔子家法，而溺意於禪教沙門者，往往出矣。近聞贄且移至通州，通州距都下四十里、倘一入都門，招致蠱惑，又為麻城之續，望敕禮部，檄行通州地方官，將李贄解發原籍治罪，仍檄行兩畿及各布政司，將贄刊行諸書，並搜簡其家未刻者，盡行燒燬，無令貽禍後生，世道幸甚！』得旨：『李贄敢倡亂道，惑世誣民，便令廠衛，五城嚴拿治罪。其書籍已刻未刻，令所在官司盡搜燒燬，不許存留。如有徒黨曲庇私藏，該科道及各有司訪奏治罪。』已而贄逮至，懼罪不食死。」愚按，自古以來，小人之無忌憚而敢於叛聖人者，莫甚於李贄，然雖奉嚴旨，而其書之行於人間自若也。天啟五年九月，四川道御史王雅量疏奉旨「李贄諸書怪誕不經，命巡視衙門焚燬，不許坊間發賣，仍通行禁止。」而士大夫多喜其書，往往收藏，至今未滅。 鍾惺字伯敬，景陵人，萬曆庚戌進士。天啟初，任福建提學副使，大通關節。丁父憂去職，尚挾姬妾游武夷山，而後即路。巡撫南居益疏劾有云：「百度逾閒，《五經》掃地。化子衿為錢樹，桃李堪羞；登駔儈於皋比，門牆成市，公然棄名教而不顧，甚至承親諱而冶遊。疑為病狂喪心，詎止文人無行！」坐是沈廢於家。乃選歷代之詩名曰《詩歸》，其書盛行於世。已而評《左傳》，評《史記》，評《毛詩》，好行小慧，自立新說，天下之士靡然從之。而論者遂忘其不孝貪污之罪，且列之為文人矣。余聞閩人言，學臣之鬻諸生自伯敬始。當時之學臣，其於伯敬固當如茶肆之陸鴻漸，奉為利市之神，又何怪讀其所選之詩。以為《風》、《騷》再作者耶？其罪雖不及李贄，然亦敗壞天下之一人。舉業至於抄佛書，講學至於會男女，考試至於鬻生員，此皆一代之大變，不在王莽、安祿山、劉豫之下，故書其事於《五經》諸書之後。Alas! 「四維不張，國乃滅亡！」《管子》已先言之矣。 ○竊書漢人好以自作之書而托為古人，張霸《百二尚書》、衛宏《詩序》之類是也。晉以下人則有以他人之書而竊為己作，郭象《莊子注》、何法盛《晉中興書》之類是也。若有明一代之人，其所著書無非竊盜而已。《世說》曰：「初注《莊子》者數十家，莫能究其旨要。向秀於舊注外為解義，妙析奇致，大暢玄風。唯《秋水》、《至樂》二篇未竟，而秀卒。秀子幼，義遂零落，然猶有別本。郭象者，為人薄行，有雋才。見秀義不傳於世，遂竊以為己注。乃自注《秋水》、《至樂》二篇，又易《馬蹄》一篇，其餘眾篇或定點文句而已，後秀義別本出，故今有向、郭二《莊》，其義一也。」今代之人但有薄行而無雋才，不能通作者之意，其盜竊所成之書，必不如元本，名為鈍賊何辭！《舊唐書》：「姚班嘗以其曾祖察所撰《漢書訓篡》多為後之注《漢書》者隱沒名字，將為己說，班乃撰《漢書紹訓》四十卷，以發明舊義，行於代。」吾讀有明宏治以後經解之書，皆隱沒古人名字，將為己說者也。 ○勘書凡勘書必用能讀書之人。偶見《焦氏易林》舊刻，有曰「環緒倚Θ」，乃「環堵」之誤。注云：「緒疑當作『』。」「『井堙