Chapter 19 Volume 17-1

The Spring and Autumn Period finally respected the king in the thirty-ninth year of Gengshen's year, and Xishou Huolin.Another fourteen years, the year of Guiyou in the first year of King Zhending, Duke Ai of Lu left.In the second year, he died in Youshan.Zuo Zhuan therefore ended.In another sixty-five years, at the age of Wuyin in the twenty-third year of King Wei Lie, he first ordered the Jin doctor Wei Si, Zhao Ji, and Han Qian to be princes.In another seventeen years, at the age of Yiwei in the sixteenth year of King An, Tian He, the doctor of Qi, was first ordered to be a prince.In another fifty-two years, King Xian was thirty-five years old at the age of Ding Hai, and the six kingdoms became kings next, with Su Qin as the elder.From then on, things are available and recorded.From the end of Zuo Zhuan to this point, there have been 133 years of history and literature, and archaeologists are ignorant of it.For example, during the Spring and Autumn Period, rituals and trustworthiness were still respected, but the Seven Kingdoms never talked about rituals and trustworthiness.During the Spring and Autumn Period, Judah was the king of Zhou, but the Seven Kingdoms never spoke of the king. 【Original note】Historical Records Qin Benji, Xiao Gong envoys the son and a few officials to lead the division to meet the princes in Fengze to court the king.During the time of King Gaixian.In the Spring and Autumn Period, sacrifices were strictly made and rewards were paid for, while the Seven Kingdoms did not have anything to do.In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was still talk about clans and surnames, but there was no mention of them in the Seven Kingdoms.In the Spring and Autumn Period, there were still banquets and poems, but the Seven Kingdoms did not hear about it.In the Spring and Autumn Period, there were still people who went to inform policy books, but there were none in the Seven Kingdoms.The state has no fixed relationship, and the scholar has no fixed master. This has changed in one hundred and thirty-three years.History's quewen, and later generations can push it.Don't wait for the first emperor to annex the world, and the way of civil and military affairs will be exhausted. [Original note] Li Kang's theory of fate says that the disadvantage of thin writing is gradually becoming better than Lingjing.Distinguishing falsehoods from deceptions was accomplished in the Seven Kingdoms.Taming to the Western Han Dynasty, this trend has not changed, so Liu Xiang said that he inherited the decline of the thousand-year-old Zhou Dynasty, inherited the remaining disadvantages of the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty, and was greedy for gluttony and treachery.The records of the history of Guanfu are nothing more than people with fame and snobbery, people who write mouthpieces, and as Dong Sheng said, those who are righteous and enlightened are not the same.Gai went to Tokyo after the Spring and Autumn Period, and its customs are a little more like ancient times. I know that Guangwu Mingzhang really had the merit of changing Qi to Lu, but it is a pity that it is not pure Tao.Since then, Song Qingli and Yuanyou are superior.Alas, if you talk about the world without examining its customs, you can't understand the merits of the master.The reason why Yu denounced the weekend and went to Tokyo is also the meaning of spring and autumn.In the Qin Dynasty, the stone carved in Kuaiji Mountain, the stone carved by Qin Shihuang, and all the six stones are all exaggerated to destroy the six kings and unite the world.He said that the customs in the head of Guizhou, in Mount Tai, it is said that men and women are courteous and obey their duties carefully.Zhao separated inside and outside, extravagant and impure.At Jieshimen, it is said that men enjoy their fields and women practice their careers.that is it.But Kuaiji said in a moment, pretending to save Xuanyi, marrying with a son, doubling death and not being chaste.Prevent the inside and outside, prohibit prostitution, men and women are sincere.Husband is sending pigs, [Original Note] Zhengyi said, pigs are also boars.In the fourteenth year of Dinggong Zuo's biography, it is established that Erlou Zhu will belong to me, Ai Bi?Those who send pigs are said to be prostitutes in other rooms.Killing is not guilty, the man is righteous.The wife escaped from marriage, and the son did not have a mother. [Original Note] Shao said, the mother cloud is also the mother.Salty and clean.How complicated and not killed?The national language of the test, since King Goujian of Yue lived in Kuaiji, he was afraid that the people of the country would not be abstinent, so he ordered that the strong should not take old women, and the old should not take strong wives.If a woman does not marry at seventeen, her parents are guilty.If the husband does not take twenty, his parents are guilty.Give birth to a husband, two pots of wine and one dog.Give birth to a daughter, two pots of wine and one dolphin.Give birth to three people, the male and the mother.If you give birth to two people, you will have a meal with them.It is also said that Zixu's words are said in the inner circle, the more ten years, the more together.In the spring and Autumn period of Wuyue, it was said that Goujian committed the crime of widow adultery, and all of them were lost on the mountain.Scholars who are worried, let them travel to the mountains to delight them.At that time, there were so many people who wanted to cover the people, and their prostitution was no longer banned.It spread to the end of the Six Kingdoms, but the wind is still there.Therefore, the first emperor strictly prohibited it, and wrote it in stone inscriptions.This is discussed in parallel with the matter of the annihilation of the six kings and the merger of the world, and it does not focus on Yan Qi, but only on Yue. However, although Qin's punishment was passed, the meaning of the people's orthodox customs has never been different from that of the Three Kingdoms. Wang also.Since Hanxing.There are many people who have inherited Qin law to this day. Confucians of the world talk about Qin, even thinking that the law of subjugation has not been studied deeply? [Rucheng case] Mr. Qin is quite fond of the law, and he is eager to comprehensively check the name and fact in his speech on political affairs, and he is a little miscellaneous in applying Han's learning.Customs of the Han Dynasty After the Six Classics of Xiaowu Biaozhang in the Han Dynasty, although the teachers and Confucians were prosperous, the righteousness was not clear, so Xinmangju took photos, and those who praised virtue and offered talismans were all over the world. [Yang's said] There were Zhai Yi and others at that time, and there were pines and cypresses in the cold weather.In view of this, Guangwu respected righteousness and righteousness, and he was strict with the name and truth. The people who used it were those who practiced the scriptures, and the customs changed.At the end of the period, the government was in turmoil, the state affairs were changing day by day, and the people who were imprisoned by the party and those who walked alone, followed benevolence and righteousness, sacrificed their lives unswervingly, the wind and rain were dark, and the rooster crowed endlessly.Therefore, Fan Ye's theory holds that among the Huanlings, the way of the monarch is eccentric, the imperial court and the mausoleum of the sun, the gaps between the states are repeatedly opened, and the people below the middle wisdom will not be judged. The husband succumbs to the opinions of contempt. [Original note] Biography of Confucian scholars.Therefore, it is the work of a benevolent gentleman who does not collapse but does not collapse. [Original note] Zuo Xiong's biography.It can be said that he knows the words.Let the masters of future generations follow Fuge, even if it is still popular today, why not.And Mengde has Jizhou, and he rewards the people who are relaxed.Seeing his orders repeatedly, as for those who seek to bear the name of humiliation, laugh at them, are unkind and unfilial, but have the art of governing the country and using soldiers, [Original Note] Jian'an Twenty-two Years August Order, Fifteen Years Spring Order, and Nineteen Years December Order The meaning is the same.As a result, power and deceit continued, and treachery emerged.Therefore, Dong Zhao Taihe's negligence has been said that this year, he no longer focuses on learning, but focuses on making friends.National scholars do not take filial piety as the first priority, but seek profit first.At the beginning of the day, the one or two Fudan people used their knowledge, scorned the books of Zhou and Confucius, and learned the teachings of Lao Zhuang and Zhuangzi, and the customs changed again.The husband uses the rule of classics and the defense of righteousness, which is not enough for Guangwu Mingzhang for several generations.It's a common custom to ruin a party, and Meng De can change it more than one person.The people of the future will take the sound of the wind in the tree, accept the things in the track, and be a human being with the good and the vulgar. You must observe this. [Yan Shi said] According to Yiyou in the first year of Taishi, the ancestor of the Jin Dynasty, Fu Xuan was the admonisher, and Shangshu said that Wei Wu, who is close to him, is good at magic, and the world is famous for his punishment.Wei Wenmu is proficient, but the world is cheap and chaste.Afterwards, Gangwei did not take pictures, and the birth and prosperity dynasty was released, so that there was no reconciliation in the world.It is the custom Wei Wen that destroys the party and defeats the ordinary, not Wei Wu.The light wind flourished first in Wang He, then in Ji Ruan, and third in Wang Le, and Jin died.However, its origin began with Emperor Wen, and this is also a must for those who discuss the world.Guangwu practiced frugality in order to convert his ministers.Talk about scriptures and meanings, often till night.For a time, heroes like Deng Yu had thirteen sons, each envoy kept a skill, and the boudoir was repaired, which could be the law of the world.Noble relatives are like Fan Chong, who share wealth among the three generations, and their descendants respect them day and night, often like a public family.Therefore, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, although the talents were not as suave as in Xijing, the scholarly style and family law seemed to be superior to the previous generations.At the end of Tokyo, righteousness declined and articles prospered, starting with Cai Yong.His official Dong Zhuo has no defense.Zhuo died, marveling at ignorance.Seeing that he concentrates on indiscriminately composing monuments and odes, people can know how he is usually known. [Original note] Song Yuanshu hangs up ancient prose, and Bo Chi shows off his prose in order to enter.Because of his rich literary talent and many friends, it is a good biography for future generations.Alas, in the dynasties of the declining season, scholars and gentlemen often use the name of losing their lives to change the atmosphere of the world, and those who regard Bo Jie as a person are admonishing!At the beginning of the Wei Dynasty, Emperor Ming died, and Emperor Shao[Original Note] was known as the King of Qi in history.He ascended the throne, changed Yuanzhengshi, and it took nine years.In the tenth year, Taifu Sima Yi killed General Cao Shuang, and the power of Wei was transferred.The three kingdoms stand together, and it has been going on for 30 years. At that time, celebrities and celebrities flourished in Luoxia.It is that he abandons the classics and respects Lao Zhuang, despises etiquette and law but advocates liberality, and regards his master's danger as a passer-by, which is advocated by these sages.Since then, the ancestors have competed.For example, the Jin Shu said that when Wang Dun saw Wei Jie, he said that Xie Kun, the chief historian, said that he did not intend to hear the sound of the beginning of Yongjia at the end of Yongjia.The Samana Zhidun was famous at the time for his clear talks, and everyone respected them, thinking that the merits of making small things are enough to participate in all righteous beginnings.Song Shu said that the second son of Yang Xuanbao was named Xian and Can by the Taizu, and Xuanbao said that he wanted to make the second son of Qing have the lingering style of Linxia Zhengshi.Wang Wei and He Yan said in a letter that Qing Shao Tao Xuanfeng, Yan Yaxiu is smooth, and he is a member of Zhengshi.In the Southern Qi Shuyan, Yuan Can said to the emperor that Zhang Xu had the legacy of Zhengshi in his view.According to the southern history, He Shangzhi called Wang Qiu, and the tradition of Zhengshi still exists.It is the envy of future generations.However, the preface to the Confucian Biography of the Jin Dynasty states that the classical scriptures in the queli are discarded, and the remaining theories of the Zhengshi are studied, referring to etiquette and law as popular customs, and the eyes are pure and noble.Although this false name has been lost to the times, it has not been forgotten by scholars.Therefore, to explain the six arts, Zheng [original note] Xuan.Wang 【Original Note】 Su.It is the end of Jihan.Speech by Lao Zhuang, Wang [Original Note] Bi.He [Original Note] Yan.For the beginning of the Jin Dynasty. [Original note] Gan Bao Jin Ji general commentary said, the customs are obscene, and the shame is still lost.Scholars take Zhuang Lao as their ancestor and dismiss the Six Classics.The talker used emptiness as a distinction, and cheap name inspection.Those who practice the body, take letting go of the turbidity as a clear and narrow letter.Those who enter the official position regard the pursuit as the most precious and despise the righteous.Those who are officials laugh at Qin Ke because they look at the sky as high as possible.As a result, the country fell to the top and the religion fell to the bottom.The Qiang and Rong tyrannized each other, and the monarchs and ministers changed repeatedly.It's not the fault of the sages in the forest, but who is to blame!There is subjugation of the country, there is subjugation of the world, and the difference between subjugation of the country and subjugation of the world?It is said that changing the surname to the name is called the subjugation of the country.Benevolence and righteousness are full, and as a result of leading beasts to eat people, people will eat each other, which is called the destruction of the world.Why did the people of the Wei and Jin Dynasties perish the world with their clear talk?It is Mencius's so-called Yang Mo's words, as for making the world have no father and no king, and it is also the one who enters the beasts. [Qian Shi said] Wang Anshi's new scriptures and meanings are also clearly discussed.In the past, Ji Shao's father, Kang, was killed by King Wen of Jin. When Emperor Wu revolutionized, Shan Tao recommended him to become an official.Shaoshi lived in a private door and couldn't say goodbye.Tao said, "I have been thinking about it for a long time, and there are still news in the four seasons of the world, let alone people."For a while, they recite it as a famous saying, but they don't know that it will ruin the righteousness and hurt the teaching. As for the one who leads the world but has no father.Husband Shaozhi in Jin was not his lord. He forgot his father and served him not a lord. When he was still alive, he had been a fatherless man for more than thirty years. But what is the death of a dangyin enough? Atonement!And at the beginning of his official career, he didn't know that there would be failures in Chengyu, but he could establish his reputation for loyalty to cover it later.Since the beginning of time, the ignorance of righteousness has spread all over the world.Like Shan Tao, since he was the leader of the heresy, he made Ji Shaozhi's sage commit the world's injustice and ignore it.The theory of husband, evil, and righteousness cannot be mutually exclusive. If you say that Shao is loyal, you must say that Wang Po is disloyal and then you can do it. Why is it so strange that he led his ministers to Liu Cong and Shi Le? His heart?That's why one knows how to protect the world, and then one knows how to protect one's country.Those who protect the country are their rulers and ministers, and those who eat meat seek it out.Those who protect the world have nothing to do with the lowliness and responsibility of ordinary people. [Editor Yang Xiu said] Those who comment on the customs of the Six Dynasties think that frivolity and frivolity will ruin the reputation, and that there will be changes in the weather.However, after verification, there are many things that are beyond reach.It is said to respect the taboo of the family, respect the family and land, be prudent in marriage, distinguish between inferior grades, and preside over clear discussions.At that time, although the literati and bureaucrats were abstruse, their teachers were open-minded, and those who used their fame, integrity, high morals, and righteousness were able to follow their aspirations.As for the redundant products, trivial materials, even though they are as rich as Tao Yi, I dare not rush to the time.Although Dong Deng favored him, he dared not aspire to Qingliu.However, the court's discussion is not as good as that, and the township's comments and lanes' discussions are still enough to rely on.Therefore, although living in a relatively safe area, after Lu Shen, the people's hearts and the country's power are still there and established, it may not be because of the remedial work and maintenance effect of these people.Since then, the meaning has been lost, and the outline is more dense, and the defense of the name is more sparse.The etiquette is getting stricter, and the path of honesty and shame is getting worse.The taboos of the ancestors are no longer strict, and the younger generations are contemptuous and contemptuous of their predecessors, so they sell their ancestors and risk their family names.There is no Yuan Fang's blame for scolding the father to the son.Countless classics forget the ancestors, and many books are lost.It's lamentable.The family no longer exists, but the descendants of Mingde are reduced to Zaoli.The son of a vegetable servant, once he succeeds in his career, can become a scholar, but the old clan of the Qing Dynasty is in decline, and it is painful to lose shelter and heirs.Marriage is no longer prudent, and the husband and wife are unethical, and it is impossible to distinguish between the good and the bad.Comparing the importance of wealth, the Tan Xing family may not be as good as the hooligans holding Bumaosi.If it tends to be a momentary flame, Zinan's left and right superpowers will not be as good as Zijiu's money in and out.Especially shameful.If you don't know the quality again, but your morale is not uplifted, and your integrity is too high, then there will be a generation of incorruptible and shameless people who sit down and worship at the gate of eunuchs, and run around in the room of power and fortune. The mourning begins here.Clear discussions are not repeated, but villains have no fear, and gentlemen have nothing to hold on to.The teeth of the village, but the Secretary for the people's society.Famous teaching is not tolerated, but the right to enter and exit.Carrying the righteousness of parents' ancestral home, and serving the public with integrity, willing to laugh and scold, but only know how to do it.The badness of the mind is extremely bad.Keeping the legacy of the sages of the Six Dynasties still alive, it is enough to revive the exhaustion of the late school, to bring back the raging tide, and to save people's hearts and customs.There are sages in the world who can transform the people into the customs, and those who have the ambition to change the customs, and they should also pay attention to this.The customs of the Song Dynasty, the loyalty of the scholar-bureaucrats in the history of the Song Dynasty, and the changes in the five seasons have completely changed.At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, Fan Zhi and Wang Pu still had regrets.The ancestor of art praised Han Tong first, and Wei Rong secondly, as a gesture of direction.In the world of true benevolence, Tian Xi, Wang Yucheng, Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Tang Jie and other sages advocated in the court with their blunt words.Therefore, Chinese and foreign recommended gentry know that fame and integrity are the highest, and integrity and shame are respected, and the ugliness of the five seasons is eliminated.Therefore, in the Jingkang change, the people with lofty ideals threw themselves into the hands of the king, and they were unyielding in the face of difficulties.And the death of the Song Dynasty, loyal to each other. [Yang's said] Jin Renyun said that Li Shilang was the only one who died in Song Dynasty.Gai according to the beginning of the dust of the two emperors.Alas!Guan Aiping can be changed into Tokyo, and the Five Dynasties can be changed into Song Dynasty, so you know that there are no customs in the world that cannot be changed.Peel off the fruit of the nine words of the upper, and if the Yang is poorer than the upper, then the resurrection will be born in the lower.The way for a person to control things is to restrain the floating and stop the competition.Since Renzong reigned for more than 40 years in the Song Dynasty, although the people he used may not be his person, his customs are mellow and he likes to respect rules. People who comment on the world call him a gentleman and a Taoist leader.And in Shenzong's court Jinggong upheld the government, rewarded those who were flattering all of a sudden, and deeply punished those who were dissidents.Deng Wan, Li Ding, Shu Quan, Jian Xuchen, and Wang Zishao were traitors who were promoted for a while, but scholar-bureaucrats had ten diamonds. 【Original Note】Driller, take the meaning of must enter.Ban Gu answered the guest opera, Shang Yang resorted to three skills to drill Xiaogong.According to Deng Wan's biography, in praise of Wang Anshi, who won the official position, he said that the people from his hometown said, laughing and scolding you, I must be a good official.Qianjin and his like, take the opportunity to break through.He was tamed to Shaosheng and Chongning, but the party's disasters arose, the state affairs became more and more difficult, and the disease of anointing and blindness was incurable.Later generations only said that their farmland, water conservancy, young crops, and Baojia methods were harmful to the people, but they didn't know that they were harmful to the court by changing people's hearts and changing the hearts of scholars.Those who harm the common people can change it in one day, but those who harm the imperial court have lasted for hundreds of years, and the surging momentum is irreversible.Li Yingzhong said that since Wang Anshi used things to indulge in people's hearts, he has not realized it until now.If people seek profit but do not know righteousness, the dominant position will become increasingly lonely.This can be said to know the words.The poem says, don't teach 猱 to raise wood, such as painting and painting.Husband changed the style of scholars in Qingli to Chongning. Isn't it the effect of Jinggong's teaching?According to Su Shi's biography, in the early days of Xining, An Shi created a new law, and Shi wrote a letter saying that the reason why a country survives or dies is the depth of morality, not caring about strength or weakness.The reason why the calendar is long or short lies in the thickness of the custom and does not care about the rich or the poor.I hope that your majesty will respect morality and respect customs, and I don't want your majesty to be eager for merit and greedy for wealth and power.Renzu upholds the law to the utmost, employs people in an orderly manner, and specializes in covering up mistakes, and he has not changed the old rules lightly.If you test its success, it will be said that it has not arrived.In terms of using troops, ten outs and nine defeats.As far as the treasury is concerned, there is only enough and nothing left.It is only because virtue is in people, and customs know righteousness, so on the day of promotion, the world will be benevolent.The commentators saw that in the last years of his life, many officials followed suit and did not do things well, so they wanted to correct them with harsh inspections, align them with wisdom, and recruit new and brave people in order to achieve quick results.If you don't enjoy the benefits, the wind has come.Open more doors for sudden entry, so that there will be unexpected gains.The servants of the public servants can make a lot of progress, so that the people who are often transferred are hopeless.Desires and customs are thick, how can you get it!In recent years, there are fewer and fewer sincere people, and more and more clever people, but your majesty is sorry to save them.At that time, there were many people who talked about the new law, but none of them were as profound as this.Fundamentally speaking, it is appropriate for the owner to observe alone and repeat it three times.According to Dongxuan's records, Wang Jinggong upholds the government and renews the affairs of the world. However, when the old people disagree with each other, Jinggong chooses the new ones and treats them in a timely manner. Therefore, for a time, all political affairs are carried out, and the important powers inside and outside the two forbidden pavilions are not Newcomers also. [Original note] Shilin Yanyu, stories, officials in Beijing rarely use candidates.At the beginning of Xining, with a slight desire to get rid of the disadvantages of qualifications, he began to elect people who could be used for probation, and ordered Chongwen College to prepare for envoys for inquiries. After two years, the decree would be released, or promoted, or promoted. Only with the joint into the dispatch.At that time, Xing Shangshushu took the head of Yong'an County, Henan Province as the secretary of Chongwen Academy. The more Hu Youcheng knew about the court, he still thought it was too hasty, because he invited candidates who had not been appointed as foreign officials, and those who were dissatisfied despite their previous appointments were not allowed to be elected. .Naite ordered Xing Shu and Tang Chu to test the title of county magistrate.This example is no longer used in recent years, and it has been banned since the beginning.When he came out to know Jiangning Mansion, Lu Huiqing suddenly got the political power, which meant to shoot Yi.When the people of the moment saw that they had won the king, they said that they could seize Duke Jing, so they made more friends and attached him to make a big prison.Seeking Jinggong to call again, Deng Wan counterattacked Huiqing, Huiqing knew that she was uneasy, so she listed the mistakes of Jinggong's brothers face to face, and sealed what Huiqing said to show Jinggong.Therefore, it is not enough to win the trust of Mr. Jing, and the story is self-explanatory.Righteousness is not enough to defeat evil, so everyone makes an enemy against it.Cover that is also.Now that Huiqing left Bozhou, Duke Jing returned to the prime minister, and after inheriting the party members, he usually went away with all his elbows and armpits, and those who were there were no longer trustworthy, and those who were trustworthy were not enough to do things. On that day, he had to plan with his son Xie, and Xie was dead. Yes, so I begged again and left, so I sent the prime minister to town Jinling again, and did not expect to accept the festival.Over time, you must be able to see the spirit.It is very appropriate to discover Jinggong's love affairs.Confucius said, it is easy for a gentleman to do things, but it is difficult to say.And Dadai Liyan, there are people, his looks and words are very pleasant, he is very skillful in advancing and retreating, he is very quick to win people, and he is very easy to betray people.Those who follow Jinggong's trust in the past not only change the habits of scholars and the livelihood of the people, but also do not benefit from it. [Original note] Su Zhe Shu Lu Huiqing, compared with Lu Bu and Liu Laozhi.The book says that his successor, Wang Wangke, will have an end, and his prime minister will also end.As a minister, don't take people's hearts and customs as the most important thing!The records of Dongxuan also said that Wang Jinggong wrote new scriptures in Zhongshu to teach scholars, so there are as few as three thousand students in the Taixue.He also ordered the prison and the direct lecture on the karma of Cheng Di's students to be placed in the upper, middle and lower levels.It is said in the world that those who pass the test and pass the test will be promoted by the imperial court.So frivolous scholars pretense their words and deeds, sit on the false reputation, and those who rush to the door of the public are like a market.Su Zizhan explained in Yi Chuan Dui hexagram that six three and upper six are all villains of Dui, and those who take words as matters are all.Liusan is not in his position, but between the two yangs, in order to be said to be the one who redeems, so it is called Laidui, and the first and second words come without recruiting.Its heart is easy to understand, and its harm is light, so the two yangs are auspicious, while the six and three are inauspicious.On the sixth, detached from the outside, not tired of things, this villain is entrusted with nothing to ask for, so it is called Yindui, and it is said that it will be introduced after the ninth five years.Its heart is difficult to know, and its harm is deep.Therefore, Jiuwufu is in peeling, although he has a heart that does not know and is wise, it does not mean that he is a villain, and if he knows the truth, he will go away, so he is harsh but not fierce.But the reason why the upper six is ​​not only, why?It is said that those who are difficult to enter are the affairs of a gentleman.If the above six quotations are not fulfilled, then the Dao will be bright.This theory is based on Shenzong's use of Wang Anshi.Mencius said, a person with a good name can make a country of a thousand times.Gou is not the same person, Tan Shi Dou Tang can be seen in color.Jing Gong was a lowly official at that time, and he tried his best to resign what he didn't have to do.Since it is obvious, it is appropriate to resign but not to resign.Those who are hypocritical and do reputation for selfishness are those who have inherent knowledge.The master's theory of observing people is also to observe their safety.It is also said that color is based on benevolence and behavior is against it, and people do not doubt it. They must be heard in the state and must be heard in the family.It is a person who deceives the world and steals the name, the ancient and the modern are the same, and the king will not notice it.Lu You cherishes poetry at the end of the year. When his ancestors were in the past, the customs were extremely beautiful.Talented people are both north and south, and talk about each other and forget each other.Who makes each party plant, more servants and another.In the middle of the new gold source disaster, this trend is still unstoppable.If you want to build a peaceful foundation, please start with thick customs. [Chai's said] The disadvantages of extravagance and frugality have been lamented since ancient times, especially in modern times.Customs move people, and only those who are superior can hold them back.I have read in the Northern Qi Dynasty that there is an edict prohibiting vanity, saying that the customs of the time are wandering, and the competition is growing day by day.There are good and bad times in the family, and strive to win the difference.Marriage and funeral expenses, car clothes, exhausted years of money, and daily wealth.Also, the servants bring gold and jade, and the concubine's clothes are Luo Qi. At first, it was strange to create, and then it was beautiful in the past. There is no difference between high and low.Today's operation belongs to the reformation, thinking about the disadvantages and avoiding the disadvantages, reversing the simplicity and returning to the mellowness, accepting the people's way, and setting things up in a measurable way, so that frugality can be achieved.If this edict is applied to the present, I feel that the music is fully understood. If reading is useful, it will save the sages of the time, and it will be a pillar of the current period. [Lu Qingxian said] The custom inherited the decline of the Ming Dynasty, and the habit of pouring extravagance has not been a day.It is foolish to think that if you want to go against today's customs, and ascend to the ancient times, there is no other way, and you can only guide the people by those who have guided the people for three generations.I don't dare to say that the laws of the three generations can be applied one by one to the present, but in general, they are inherently unobtainable and easy to change.One of them is determined by the system.The reason why the people dare not tire of those who manipulate their ears and eyes is that there is a superior legal system to guard against them.If the legal system can't reach it, why not do it?Nowadays, the ceremonies of funerals and sacrifices among the people, the festivals of clothing and food in the palace, were not custom-made at first, and Weiqi can do anything within his power.The rich show off, the poor imitate, and when material resources are scarce, greed and fraud follow, so the extravagance is getting more and more beautiful, and the shame is disappearing.The book of honesty is custom-made, so that there is a difference between the superior and the inferior, and they cannot be surpassed. The simple and frugal can be prosperous, and the greed and fraud can be eliminated.One of the schools should be wide.The reason why the people don't get involved in lust, and those who settle down to simplicity, is that they know the importance of etiquette and righteousness.If etiquette and righteousness are not enough to move one's heart, simplicity will not be as pleasant as extravagance, and honesty will not be as admirable as lewdness.Schools teach people etiquette and righteousness.Today, only prefectures and counties have learning, and it is limited to students.And Dong Qiren also stopped holding his books and checked his advances and retreats. There is no so-called teaching of etiquette and righteousness.People don't know how to respect themselves in friendship, but they only take pride in being beautiful. Why is it that customs are so extravagant every day.Choose upright and righteous people as the teachers of the prefectures and counties, and pay attention to their salary ranks.Moreover, imitating the system of the ancient school and the party, he taught the people in the farming gaps, so that they knew the importance of etiquette and righteousness, and they did not want to indulge in extravagance.One of the rewards and punishments should be judged.The reason why the people follow the orders is that they follow their rewards and punishments.Rewards and punishments are not enough, but if you want to obey orders, you can't get them.The rewards and punishments of the imperial court are also very strict, but there are no rewards and punishments in the time of extravagance and thrift.The subordinate officials were embroidered, the wealthy family carved the walls, and the ministers did not ask.The younger brother Ling Ling father and brother, the savage servant invaded the parents, but Yousi did not ask.And those who are honest, honest and simple, but not always good, are just laughing in the village, and they will be rewarded if they don't hear it.Isn't it a waste to be so peaceful?It is advisable to order Yousi to visit the territory according to the time, and to reward and punish those who are especially special. That is to say, the integrity of customs is the most important thing in the examination.All of these are tools to guide the people, and the origin of customs.Sincerity was held one by one, and the emperor used the virtue of respect and thrift to transform the original from the top, and the ministers of the public and ministers kept the law and declared the virtues to the bottom. All over the world, there are no extravagance and frugality, and returning to simplicity and simplicity. The grand one, never heard of before!If you talk about book books, period meetings, money valleys, and military divisions, today's urgent tasks, why waste time for this?I am afraid that the customs will become more and more extravagant day by day, and the so-called urgent affairs of today will be unreasonable.The reason why the ancient philosopher kings of the Qing Dynasty were upright and upright was that they had made officials and punishments a warning to those in positions, and set up divisions and township schools for them, and kept the Qing discussions in the prefectures to help the poor in punishment.Moved to the suburbs, it is contained in the Book of Rites.Shujuejingjiang is called Yu Biming.This system has been followed since the Han Dynasty. In the election of the township elections, his life experience must be examined first.A gentleman has the fear of punishment, a villain has a tendency to be ashamed, teaching is not strict from the bottom to the top, and the rules are fixed in the village but the people do not offend.It descended to the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the establishment of the Jiupin Zhongzheng, although much inaccurate, has no meaning.Anyone who is corrected and paid for cleanup will be abandoned for life and imprisoned the same way. [Original Note] Biography of Bian Hu in Jin Shu.When Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty usurped the throne, it was an imperial edict, and those who violated the township, discussed the cleanliness, stolen goods and robbers, all of them were washed away and reformed with them.Since then, when encountering extraordinary kindness, the pardon text also has this statement. [Original note] Qi, Liang, and Chen Chao all said that they washed and eliminated the first notes, and there must be notes for the township discussions on the Qing Dynasty that day.Xiaoya is abolished and China is small, and customs are declining and rebellion is on the rise.However, the filth of the township theory is washed away by the annoying imperial edict. Isn't it true that the straight way of the three generations still lies with the people, and the fear of others is still seen in the day when the wind changes?I heard that there is a widower in my subordinates, so Deng Yong.It is more fierce than the three, and it is not talented, so I voted for it.Although the actions of the two emperors were wrong, they did not fail to consult Yu Ruo.However, when Chongyuedan served as an official in the autumn, and went to the countryside to comment on helping the country, Tang was also the first of the four congregations, and Wang Zhizhi was inseparable.Chen Shouju's father died and was sick, so he sent his maid to take pills, and the guests went to see him.When Ruan Jian's father died, he encountered heavy snow and cold on the trip, so he received the order of Jun Yi, ordering to set up millet for his guests, and eat them briefly, so that they were discussed and abandoned for several thirty years.Wen Qiao was Liu Sikong's envoy to persuade him to come in, and his mother, Cui, stayed behind.Xie Huilian first loved Du Deling, an official in Kuaiji County, and worried about his father. He presented more than ten five-character poems.Zhang rate resigned because of his father's worries, and his father served dozens of tricksters.The Acura was unwilling, so he became a nun.Taste because of the Zhaihui to lead the house, play it as a flying book, talk and lead traitors, Nansi played the news with the matter, Gaozu cherished his talent, and played it in bed, but it still caused the world to talk about it, and he did not serve for a long time after serving.The ups and downs of official positions are based on the winning and winning of township appraisal. Is it still the style of ancient times?In the place with the worst customs in the world, the Qing Dynasty still exists, and it is still enough to maintain one or two.As for the death of the Qing Dynasty, the war will come to an end.In August Yiyou, the fifteenth year of Hongwu, the Ministry of Rites discussed that all those who are ten evil, treacherous and fraudulent, commit crimes against name and morality, offend customs, and commit crimes to criminals should write their names in Shenming Pavilion as a sign of punishment.Those who privately destroy pavilions and smear their names will be inspected by the censor and judges according to the time, and the crime is like the law.System can.In April of the 18th year, Xin Chou ordered the Ministry of Punishments to record the criminal charges of the internal and external officials, and wrote them in the Shenming Pavilion.The last intention of the previous generations of Xiangyi is also regarded as stationery by later generations.The official of discipline only takes the name of punishment, and if Yubi's intention to teach the new people is irrelevant, there is no doubt that the world is going down!The famous teacher Sima Qian wrote the biography of Huo Zhi in the historical records, saying that all the scholars from the caves of the Langmiao court were rich and rich.And so on, as for the officials and officials playing tricks, engraving seals and fake books, those who do not avoid the punishment of the knife and saw are not left behind by bribery.And Zhong Chang Ao He Xingfu said that among the three hundred naked worms, people are the worst.The fur of minions is not enough for self-defense.Only rely on deceit, chewing and biting each other.And so on, as for Taili Tongshu, he only steals and steals.But looking at it today, there are no officials without bribes, and everyone is an official.There is no stealing without guarding, and everyone is doing it like a child.Since the time when he tied up his hair and studied, those who persuaded him were nothing more than the so-called thousand-bell millet and golden house, and if he served as an official for a day, he wanted what he wanted.The monarch and his ministers embrace each other with mutual benefit, so it becomes romantic and cannot be copied.What kind of tactics should be followed by those who are in charge?Said, only the name can win.Where the name is, the superior is mediocre, and those who are loyal and honest are honored in the world.Where the name goes, what goes above is thrown away, but those who are extravagant and greedy are abolished at home.That is to say, there are not without one or two hypocrites, who are still more wantonly for profit.There is a saying in Southern History that scholars in the Han Dynasty practiced self-cultivation, so loyalty and filial piety became the custom.As for Chengxuan Fumian, there is no other way.Since the Jin and Song Dynasties, the wind has declined and righteousness has been lacking.Therefore, people in the past said that they are famous for teaching, famous for festivals, and famous for meritorious service. They cannot make people in the world take righteousness for profit, but they still make them take fame and profit. 【Yang's Said】Below three generations, I'm afraid it won't get a good name, that's why.In the old Tang book, Xue Qianguang made Zuo Buque, and said in a few words, the officials peeked at the ancient scholars, which is really different from the present.First look at the source of fame and behavior, examine the reputation of the township and city, advocating propriety and concessions to be strict with oneself, showing integrity and righteousness to mark trust, honesty and simplicity are the first, and carving and insects are the last. Flirty trip.Those who want to be officials must practice the practice of chastity and indomitability, and the rules that are difficult to advance and easy to retreat. The public opinion has determined its superiority, and it is difficult for the county general to slander its merits.Therefore, the sages and fools who plan to pay tribute are the honorable lips of the state generals, and the filthy deeds are also the cheeks of the villagers.Therefore, Li Ling descended and Longxi was ashamed, dry trees were hidden and Xihe was beautiful.Therefore, if fame is better than profit, the way of the villain will disappear.Profit is better than fame, and you are a fan of greed and violence.Since the season of the Seven Kingdoms, although it has been mixed, the pursuit of talents in the Han Dynasty still has a hundred lines.It is a man of etiquette, Minde, who cultivates himself, pushes it up in the village, and then builds it for the temple.Today's juren have good facts, and the township decides on the villain's pen.Practicing the theory that there are no elders in practice, Cedi competes in the state capital, and praying for grace is better than worshiping.Or the Ming system [Original Note] avoiding the name of the military, and the imperial edict was changed to the system.When I came out, I tried to send a searcher, drove to the gate of the mansion and temple, entered and exited the palace of the prince, and wrote Chen's poems, only wishing to cough and spit.Touching the top to the foot, I hope that the lotus will support and support me.Therefore, the common name Juren is called Miju.Seekers are called by themselves.If the husband is eager to favor himself, then the principles of justice will be good, and the nature of greedy officials will be manifested, and the style of honesty will be weak.Although the prefect's fate is high, his uncle is diligent and diligent.The Yellow Gate is already expensive, and there is no such thing as Qin Jia's candid words.Even if you can't push yourself to promote the virtuous, you are not willing to wait for the three lives.Therefore, the selection of the department to make up for it is noisy in the Liwei.King Gongbin of the state disputed the lawsuit in Jiemeng.Disputes and slander gradually became common practice.Those who compete for glory must have the heart to fight for profit, and those who are humble are not tired of corruption.If you are not wise, how can you not move?It lies in the middle man, the reason is the custom.If you value honesty and honesty, those who cherish wealth must respect virtue to cultivate their reputation.If the door of competition is opened, the lucky ones will all give alms and join the meeting.If the association is attached, the people will suffer from its disadvantages, and if the name is repaired, the common people will benefit from it.Gradually weathered, overwhelmed.Sigh, this statement can be said to hit the current disadvantages.The Han people ruled by name, so their talents flourished.Today people are governed by law, so talents are declining. 【Editor Cheng Xiu said】After three generations, the morale is as high as Tokyo.The commentators say that Mingzhang upholds Daoism and Confucianism, and the fools say that the school of Confucianism started in Xijing, and its origin is gradual.Since Emperor Wu established the study of the Five Classics, Confucian scholars were adopted, and since the Qin Dynasty, the atmosphere has changed, and it is impossible to choose true Confucianism, abandon the mellow elegance of Zhongshu, and use Pingjin's corrective ears.Guangwu Mingzhang, far inherited the last thread, and thus emphasizes it. The so-called those who set up sincerity and practice it, Confucianism flourishes and morale is high.From Emperor Wu to Huanling, more than three hundred years, the accumulation is so thick.However, there is no shrewd and philosophic monarch at the top, and the ministers and people are in charge of things, and the discussions are clear, and the party's misfortune flourishes.Husband’s country needs talents to be the most urgent, and only the beginning of its seeking, and the response of the next one may be less real and more false, and if there is no way to choose it, it must give up the wheat and take the chaff.It has been accumulated for a long time, and the custom is formed when it is true. Although it is repressed and subdued, it is necessary to make the change and follow me, but there is nothing.It is true that a sage is not beneficial to the country.I talked about the ancient times, and every time I used the mellowness of Tokyo scholars, it was brewed in the Western Han Dynasty!The prosperity of morale in the Ming Dynasty originated from the learning of Cheng and Zhu in the Song Dynasty.Fan Wenzheng of the Song Dynasty presented a letter to Yan Yuan, saying that if the husband's name and religion are not respected, then the ruler will say that Yao and Shun are not lawful, and Jie and Zhou are not worthy of fear.Those who are ministers say that the eight yuan is not enough, and the four evils are not shameful.How can there be good people in the world again?If a person does not love fame, then the power of a sage is gone.Today, in order to change people's hearts and cleanse those who are vulgar, there is no rush to encourage learning and reward honesty.People all over the world, if they are able to believe in learning and study hard until they grow old, they can be regarded as upright and righteous. Officials are ranked as sons of the Imperial Academy, and if they listen to their sources, everyone will know how to learn, and they will not compete with subjects. carry on.Officials of the Shusi, who are able to clean themselves and love the people, and report to the old with courtesy, but who have no reserves of stones in their families, will be given five hectares and ten hectares of land, as a legacy for their descendants.And get rid of their rent and taxes, and restore their small corvees, then everyone will know how to guard themselves and not be greedy for goods and bribes.How can we wait for the Confucianism of Feng Chuan to be sent to collect pigs, [Original Note] Gongsun Hong.Youmeng Chenyan began to record the promise of negative salary. [Original note] Gongsun Ao.And the son of Fufeng is bestowed with gold. 【Original Note】Yin Wenggui.The sages of Zhuojun often award sheep wine. [Original note] Han Fu.So he made a high-ranking scholar, a man of virtue and a bureaucrat. At that time, Huaiji's ancient glory, and the world looked up to the legacy of the Qing Dynasty. Wouldn't it be better to persuade people with the famous title and salary, and make them do it and then gobble up profits?Governance by name must begin from then on. 【Yang's Said】I have no choice but to block its flow.At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Emperor Ping of the Han Dynasty issued an imperial edict saying that since the rise of the Han Dynasty, there has been no one like Gongsun Hong who has been in power, practiced frugality, and valued money and righteousness.When the prime minister is appointed as a marquis, but for the cloth and quilts, the rice is removed, and the salary is given to the old people and guests, there is nothing left, which can be said to be reduced to the system.And those who lead the way to be honest and vulgar are also different from those who are rich on the inside but tricky on the outside to catch false reputation.The second bestowed to Honghou's descendants is the suitable one, the Marquis of Guannei, and three hundred households in the city.Wei Zhi, in the sixth year of Jiaping, the imperial court commemorated the scholars of the Qing Festival, and issued an imperial edict to the former Sikong Xu Miao, Hu Zhi, the general who conquered the East, and Wei Weitian Yujiagu with two thousand dendrobium and thirty bundles of silk, and announced it to the world.Emperor Xuanwu of the Later Wei Dynasty issued an imperial edict in the fourth year of Yanchang, saying that Li Mi, a former scholar, has repeatedly resigned to conquest, and he is committed to Chongsu.The posthumous posthumous name is the scholar of Zhenjing, and he expresses his family and high integrity with Jingjing.Liudian of the Tang Dynasty, Ruo Yunde Qiuyuan, has a clear voice, although he has no official title, he is also given the posthumous title of Mr. [Original Note] Those who survived were given the title of Mr., and those who died were given posthumous titles.For example, Yang Bo lived in seclusion and did not become an official. He went to Dezhong and was given the title of Mr. Yuanjing.Song Shitong.As far as I can see, Chongzhen tried to use the good words of Qi Biao, the imperial censor, to present Juren Gui Zimu and Zhu Bixuan as imperial court edicts.Tang Shu, Niu Sengru, a descendant of Sui servant She Qizhang Gonghong, a young orphan, has a few hectares of land in Xiadufan Township, and lives on it.It is known that the land bestowed in the Sui Dynasty was kept by his descendants until two hundred years into the Tang Dynasty. If the gold and silk were awarded, the benefits of granary and salary would have already been reduced to dust.In the orthodox state of the country, Wu Jintian was given to Hu ●, the minister of the Ministry of Rites, and his descendants still guard it today.Therefore, I secretly think that the code of rewarding honesty is not good at this.Integrity and shame Five Dynasties History Feng Daochuan commented that propriety, righteousness, honesty and shame are the four dimensions of a country.If the four dimensions do not expand, the country will perish.Good!Guan Sheng can speak.Etiquette and righteousness are the great law of governing people.Integrity is the great festival of a man.If you are not honest, you will take everything, if you are not shameful, you will do everything.If people are like this, misfortune, chaos, and death will happen everywhere.What's more, if you are a minister, if you take everything and do everything, the world will not be chaotic, and the country will not perish?However, among the four, shame is the most important.Therefore, the master's commentator said that it is shameful to do one's own thing.Mencius said that people should not be shameless, shameless shame is shameless, and he said that people are ashamed to be ashamed, and there is no shame in being a coincidence.That's why people's incorruptibility leads to violating propriety and righteousness, all of which are born from shamelessness.Therefore, the shamelessness of scholar-bureaucrats is called national humiliation. [Yan Shi said] Today people often call it honesty and shame, but in fact it is easy to be honest but difficult to be ashamed.For example, when Gongsun Hongbu was stripped of his chest, it can't be called dishonest, but how shameless is Qu learning from A Shi?Feng Dao is hardworking and frugal, so it is not incorruptible, but what's more shameless to serve four surnames and ten monarchs?盖廉乃立身之一节，而耻乃根心之大德，故廉尚可矫，而耻不容伪。吾观三代以下，世衰道微，弃礼义，捐廉耻，非一朝一夕之故。然而松柏后雕于岁寒，鸡鸣不已于风雨，彼昏之日，固未尝无独醒之人也。顷读颜氏家训有云，齐朝一士夫尝谓吾曰，我有一儿，年已十七，颇晓书疏。教其鲜卑语及弹琵琶，稍欲通解。以此伏事公卿，无不宠爱。吾时俯而不答。异哉，此人之教子也！若由此业自致卿相，亦不愿汝曹为之。嗟乎，之推不得已而仕于乱世，犹为此言，尚有小宛诗人之意。彼阉然媚于世者，能无愧哉？罗仲素曰，教化者，朝廷之先务。廉耻者，士人之美节。风俗者，天下之大事。朝廷有教化，则士人有廉耻。士人有廉耻，则天下有风俗。古人治军之道，未有不本于廉耻者。吴子曰，凡制国治军，必教之以礼，励之以义，使有耻也。夫人有耻，在大足以战，在小足以守矣。尉缭子言，国必有慈孝廉耻之俗，则可以死易生。而太公对武王，将有三胜，一曰礼将，二曰力将，三曰止欲将。故礼者所以班朝治军，而兔罝之武夫皆本于文王后妃之化，岂有淫刍荛，窃牛马，而为暴于百姓者哉。后汉书，张奂为安定属国都尉，羌豪帅感奂恩德，上马二十匹，先零酋长又遗金鐻八枚。奂并受之，而召主簿于诸羌前，以酒酹地曰，使马如羊，不以入厩。使金如粟，不以入怀。悉以金马还之。羌性贪而贵吏清，前有八都尉，率好财货，为所患苦，及奂正身洁已，威化大行。呜呼，自古以来，边事之败，有不始于贪求者哉？吾于辽东之事有感。杜子美诗，安得廉颇将，三军同晏眠。一本作廉耻将，诗人之意未必及此。然吾观唐书言，王佖为武灵节度使。先是，吐蕃欲成乌兰桥，每于河堧先贮材木，皆为节帅遣人潜载之，委于河流，终莫能成。蕃人知佖贪而无谋，先厚遣之，然后并役成桥，仍筑月城守之。自是朔方御寇不暇，至今为患，由佖之黩货也。故贪夫为帅，而边城晚开。得此意者，郢书燕说，或可以治国乎？ 【原注】见韩非子。流品晋宋以来，尤重流品，故虽蕞尔一方，而犹能立国。宋书蔡兴宗传，兴宗为征西将军，开府仪同三司、荆州刺史、常侍如故。被征还都时，右军将军王道隆任参国政，权重一时，蹑履到兴宗前，不敢就席，良久方去，竟不呼坐。元嘉初，中书舍人狄当诣太子詹事王昙首，不敢坐。其后中书舍人王弘为太祖所爱遇，上谓曰，卿欲作士人，得就王球坐，乃当判耳。殷刘【原注】殷景仁、刘湛。并杂，无所益也。若往诣球，可称旨就席。及至，球举扇曰，若不得尔。弘还，依事启闻。帝曰，我便无如此何。五十年中有此三事。张敷传，迁江夏王义恭抚军记室参军。时义恭就文帝求一学义沙门，会敷赴假还江陵，入辞，文帝令以后艑载沙门。敷不奉诏，曰，臣性不耐杂迁。正员郎中书舍人狄当、周赳并管要务，以敷同省名家，欲诣之。赳曰，彼若不相容，便不如不往。当曰，吾等并已员外郎矣，何忧不得其坐。敷先设二床，去壁三四尺。二客就席，酬接甚欢。既而呼左右曰，移吾床远客！赳等失色而去。世说，纪僧真得幸于齐世祖，尝请曰，臣出自本县武吏，遭逢圣时，阶荣至此，无所须，惟就陛下乞作士大夫。上曰，此由江斆、谢瀹，我不得措意，可自诣之。僧真承旨诣斆，登榻坐定。斆顾命左右曰，移吾床远客！僧真丧气而退，以告世祖。世祖曰，士大夫故非天子所命。梁书羊侃传，有宦者张僧胤候侃，侃竟不前之，曰，我床非阉人所坐。自万历季年，搢绅之士不知以礼饬躬，而声气及于宵人，【原注】如汪文言一人，为东林诸公大玷。诗字颁于舆皂，至于公卿上寿，宰执称儿。而神州陆沈，中原涂炭，夫有以致之矣。重厚世道下衰，人材不振。王伾之吴语，郑綮之歇后，薛昭纬之浣溪沙，李邦彦之俚语辞曲，莫不登诸巖廊，用为辅弼。至使在下之人慕其风流，以为通脱。而栋折榱崩，天下将无所芘矣。及乎板荡之后而念老成，【原注】大雅荡。播迁之余而思耆俊，【原注】文侯之命。庸有及乎？有国者登崇重厚之臣，抑退轻浮之士，此移风易俗之大要也。侯景数梁武帝十失，谓皇太子吐言止于轻薄，赋咏不出桑中。张说论阎朝隐之文，如丽服靓妆，燕歌赵舞，观者忘疲，若类之风雅则罪人矣。今之词人率同此病，淫辞艳曲，传布国门，有如北齐阳俊之所作六言歌辞，名为阳五伴侣，写而卖之，在市不绝者，诱惑后生，伤败风化，宜与非圣之书同类而焚，庶可以正人心术。 【沈氏曰】唐御史大夫杜淹曰，齐之将亡，作伴侣曲。陈之将亡，作玉树后庭花。其声哀思，行路闻之，皆悲泣。 【钱氏曰】古有儒释道三教，自明以来，又多一教，曰小说。小说演义之书，士大夫、农工、商贾无不习闻之，以至儿童妇女不识字者亦皆闻而如见之，是其教较之儒释道而更广也。释道犹劝人以善，小说专导人以恶，奸邪淫盗之事，儒释道书所不忍斥言者，彼必尽相穷形，津津乐道。以杀人为好汉，以渔色为风流，丧心病狂，无所忌惮。子弟之逸居无教者多矣，又有此等书以诱之，曷怪其近于禽兽乎！何晏之粉白不去手，行步顾影。邓飏之行步舒纵，坐立倾倚。谢灵运之每出入，自扶接者常数人，后皆诛死。而魏文帝体貌不重，风尚通脱，是以享国不永，后祚短促。史皆附之五行志，以为貌之不恭。昔子贡于礼容俯仰之间，而知两君之疾与乱，夫有所受之矣。子曰，君子不重则不威，学则不固。扬子法言曰，言轻则招忧，行轻则招辜，貌轻则招唇，好轻则招淫。四明薛冈谓，士大夫子弟不宜使读世说，未得其隽永，先习其简傲。推是言之，可谓善教矣。防其乃逸乃谚之萌，而引之有物有恒之域，此以正养蒙之道也。南齐陈显达语其诸子曰，麈尾蝇拂，是王谢家物，汝不须捉此。即取于前烧除之。 【杨氏曰】显达之烧麈尾别是一意，非教子弟厚重也，不当引入。耿介读屈子离骚之篇，乃知尧舜所以行出乎人者，以其耿介。同乎流俗，合乎污世，则不可与入尧舜之道矣。非礼勿视，非礼勿听，非礼勿言，非礼勿动。是则谓之耿介，反是谓之昌披。夫道若大路然，尧桀之分必在乎此。乡原老氏之学所以异乎孔子者，和其光，同其尘，此所谓似是而非也。卜君、渔父二篇尽之矣，非不知其言之可从也，而义有所不当为也。子云而知此义也，反离骚其可不作矣。寻其大指，生斯世也，为斯世也，善斯可矣。此其所以为莽大夫与？ 【梁氏曰】扬雄作太玄准易，作法言准论语，未免妄矣。依仿体例，摹合词意，与王莽之学大诰金滕何异？东坡讥其以艰深文浅陋，亦不喜之。然有不可解者，蜀秦宓与王商书，谓子云行参圣师，比之孔子。吴陆绩释玄谓玄经与圣人同趣，虽周公孔子不能过。抱朴子以雄方仲尼，司马温公以为大儒，孟荀殆不足拟。曾子固以雄合箕子之明夷。其余誉之者甚众，而且力为湔洗。或谓法言安汉公之言，乃怨家所益。或谓太玄疾莽而作。或辨其无美新之事。冯元成以美新为刘棻作。汪琬跋雄传引杨庄简公子云祠堂记言雄不仕莽。而王介甫诸人说上符命、投阁皆谷子云事，不知何以得此于后人。宋绍兴中，陈公辅疏论王安石曰，王莽之篡，扬雄不能死，又仕之，更为剧秦美新之文。安石乃云，雄之仕合于孔子无可无不可之义。言出王安石，无足论已。孝廉翁承高尝云，汉分十三州刺史，莽并朔方入凉州，为十二。雄作州箴十二，独缺朔方，亦可证其为莽大夫也。卜居、渔父，法语之言也。离骚、九歌，放言也。俭约国奢示之以俭，君子之行宰相之事也。汉汝南许劭，为郡功曹。同郡袁绍，公族豪侠，去濮阳令归，车徒甚盛，入郡界，乃谢曰，吾舆服岂可使许子将见之？遂以自行车归家。晋蔡充好学，有雅尚，体貌尊严，为人所惮。高平刘整，车服奢丽，尝语人曰，纱縠，吾服其常耳。遇蔡子尼在坐，而经日不自安。北齐李德林父亡，时正严冬，单衰徒跣，自驾灵舆，反葬博陵。崔谌休假还乡，将赴吊，从者数十骑，稍稍减留，比至德林门，才余五骑，云，不得令李生怪人熏灼。李僧伽修整笃业，不应辟命。尚书袁叔德来候僧伽，先减仆从，然后入门。曰，见此贤令，吾羞对轩冕。夫惟君子之能以身率物者如此，是以居官而化一邦，在朝廷而化天下。魏武帝时，毛蚧为东曹掾，典选举，以俭率人，天下之士莫不以廉节自励，虽贵宠之臣，舆服不敢过度。唐大暦末，元载伏诛，拜杨绾为相。绾质性贞廉，车服俭朴，居庙堂未数日，人心自化。御史中丞崔宽，剑南西川节度使宁之弟。家富于财，有别墅在皇城之南，池馆台榭，当时第一，宽即日潜遣毁撤。中书令郭子仪，在邠州行营，闻绾拜相，