Chapter 18 Volume 16-2

[Original note] Ji Yun, opened as the prefect, cleared the county.Isn't it true that Emperor Xuan's usage was wider than that of Emperor Wu?However, at the end of Emperor Wu, when a group of bandits rose up, he would be able to win by sending envoys in embroidered clothes to cut off the county with an axe.In Emperor Xuan's life, those who brought cows and calves were expelled and returned to Nanmu.The dead officials are called their duties, and the people are safe in their careers.This is the way to govern the world, and those who do not rely on the law can not discuss it with the scholars of the knife, pen, basket and box.In the Guangwu Jiji of the Later Han Dynasty, in the sixteenth year of Jianwu, the bandits of the prefectures and states attacked and robbed everywhere, and killed the chief officials.Counties and counties pursue it, and when they arrive, they will be disbanded and go to reunite.Especially in the four prefectures of Qingxu, Youji and Jizhou.Shangnai sent envoys to the county and country to listen to the group of thieves quarreling among themselves. If five people beheaded one person, their crimes would be eliminated.Although the officials stay to avoid those who indulge in the past, don't ask them, and listen to the birds for the effect.The head of the shepherd's guard sits on the thieves in the circle and does not catch them, and those who donate to the city committee guards out of fear are not to be blamed, but most of the thieves are captured by the palace. After class also.Most of all, the first thing to do is to say that the class is the first.Only those who hide are sinful.So they chased each other even more, and the thieves were disbanded and moved to other counties.The land is endowed, so that An can make a living.Naturally, cattle and horses graze, and the gates of the city are not closed.Guangwu is good at official affairs, so he controls robbers in this way.The things in the world are obtained in the sparse, but lost in the secret, and most of them are the same, so it is not the only lesson for thieves!In the second year of the founding of the state by Wang Mang, the forbidden weapon, the forbidden people were not allowed to carry crossbow armor and move to the West Sea.In the fifth year of the great cause of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, it was forbidden to make folk iron forks, hooks, and knives.From the Yuan Dynasty group to the second month of the 23rd month of the Yuan Dynasty, all Han people who held iron rulers, hand sticks, and sticks with blades were sent to the palace.In June Wushen, including all road horses, whoever has a horse will choose two out of three, and the Han people will be admitted to the official.Xinsi, in December of the twenty-sixth year, included horses from all over the world, five horses for officials of the first and second ranks, three horses for the third rank, two horses for the fourth and fifth ranks, and one horse for all ranks below the sixth rank. [Original note] According to Chen Tianxiang's biography, the Xingguo army caused chaos with its own weapons, and the province ordered Tianxiang to know the military.Tianxiang ordered the ten families to be the armor, the ten armors to be the leaders, and the weapons to be relaxed, so as to serve the convenience of the people, and the territory was flattened.The descendants of the descendants had to renew the old government, and they were in a hurry to deal with the hidden soldiers. Not long after Tianxiang passed away, the country was rejuvenated and changed again.From Emperor Shun to Yuan three years in April Guiyou, the Han, Southern and Korean people were not allowed to hold weapons, and anyone who had a horse was detained as an official.But the bandits were flooded and captured the city.In Xinmao, the first month of the 17th year, Shandong provinces were ordered to unite volunteer soldiers. Each prefecture added a magistrate, and each county added a leader to lead volunteer soldiers to defend.Therefore, Liu Wencheng has a poem saying that when he banned spears and halberds, he ordered to practice drums and cymbals today.Alas, I look at the world, a foolish husband and a foolish woman can win me.The ancient sage kings have already said it.During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Gongsun Hong said that the forbidden people should not carry bows and crossbows.It is difficult for King Wuqiu Shou, who thinks that the holy king is to teach and educate, so he saves the prohibition.Today, His Majesty demonstrates Mingde, builds Taiping, daily culture within the universe, and rural style outside the square.However, there are still thieves, and the crime of two thousand stones in the county is not the fault of holding a bow and crossbow.Sincerity can understand the source of enlightenment, and the handsome thinks it is good, and the way to protect the family is that there are crane knees in the family and rhinoceros canals in the household, which is enough to praise the strength of the national custom. [Original note] The old Tang book Zheng Weizhong quoted Wu Du's Fu.Instead of guiding the people to use ominous weapons.Water conservancy Ouyang Yongshu wrote the geography of Tang Shu, and he remembered every canal opened and weir erected.Under the county, there is actually a record of the river and canal, which can be described as detailed and well-organized.During the Tang Dynasty, those who served as commanders were still able to use one party's wealth to promote the battle of Qiyue.And Zhizhi's book.Probably before Tianbao, the number of seven is the seventh. Isn't it a peaceful world, where the officials are governed and the people are hidden, so they often use hundreds of miles of officials to create thousands of years of benefits.As for Heshuo, after he used his troops, he was anxious to expedite his subjects, and whoever has no time to pay attention to his agricultural achievements and water courses?However, from Dali to Xiantong, there are still endless books.Now that he is an official, he has been unknown for decades.The water is drying up and the soil is accumulating day by day, and the air in the mountains and swamps is blocked, so how can there be no water and drought?During the reign of Chongzhen, Xu Guangqi, an assistant minister, wrote a book, which was particularly detailed in the study of water conservancy.And Wei Chengrun also said in the matter, saying that the rain is transformed by water vapor.Water conservancy repairs are also the art of causing rain.The title of master Yu also said, try your best to cover the ditch.And Yu said to himself, "Junyu is far away from Sichuan."The ancient sages had great affairs in the world, but they did not ignore the small ones.Since the Qianlong period, it was written by the people of Qi, and the dry economy was conquered by Wang Mang. In ancient times, Tongjin Judu is mostly a trickle, and the fields in the Central Plains are drought in summer and autumn, and they are sick every year. [Chen Tongzhi said] The benefit of the three generations of ditches is that the small ones are done by the people themselves, and the big ones are done by officials.The soil raised by the ditch is considered a road.The water that passes through is to prepare for droughts, so those who flood the ditches will be beneficial to all ages.Later generations will consider how many lands they have abandoned, but there are not many.The step of a well is about one hundred and eighty feet, and it is only eight feet for a ditch.A step of 10% is about eight thousand feet, and it is only four feet and four feet if it is nine feet or ten feet.The land abandoned by the general plan is one in two hundred and weak.Today's update, there must be those who worry about the difficulty of the task, and it is not a very difficult task.Bin observes the law of the field, the land of one foot, the completion of two feet, that is, the one who cultivates and succeeds.In the field of Suhu Lake today, when wheat is planted in September, it must be a field wheel, and the depth and width between the two wheels are two feet.Its flat and broad township is connected with thousands of round scales, neat and uniform, and the full moon is complete.Is there any difference in the ancient Suijing?It is designed to be a ditch in five years, and the strength of the eight families will be combined to rule a horizontal ditch first. If the step at the head of the field is one hundred and eighty feet, three people from the family will build soil on the spot, and it will be completed in two days.Next year, with the power of eighty families, we will rule the three ditches in Guangshen and Sangou, which will be ten in length.Next year, with the strength of 800 families, we will use the power of 800 families to build three ditches in Guangshen. It will be a hundred ditches long.That is to say, if the three-year-old is divided into three-year-old merits, it will be done.And when all the achievements are completed, the people will benefit from the fields.At the age of one year, the family repairs its waters, the public heals its ditches, and the officials supervise the people to dredge its waters. If there is a small flood or drought, you can be free from hunger, and if you are very hungry, you can save five of them. Therefore, it will be beneficial to all generations.If the people are unemployed, they will starve, and if they lose grain for ten days, they will die.This is suitable for the family to live on its own, and people to do their own work.Those who cultivate the fields all the year round, but are still starved to death, one will die from time to time, and the other will die from ditches.From time to time, there is nothing human can do.If the ditches are not cured, there is nothing the peasants can do, but the officials can do it with all their strength.Those who don't do it, if there are no major floods and droughts at the time of construction, then just sit back and think that there is no need to do it.And when the floods and droughts arrive, but the rescue fails, there is absolutely nothing that can be done.In addition, the surplus and shortage of people's food will be seen after a few years, and the benefit and disease of the country will be seen after a few years. There is no close success in work, and there is no strict lesson for officials. The defense of one is the salvation of one hundred.Bin said that there is no good strategy to save the famine, because the ditches were flooded before the famine, and this is also the strategy for saving the famine.That is to say, when the famine is being rescued in the gully, the hungry people can eat immediately, and this is a strategy of saving one and saving two.However, the soil has different shapes and people have different habits. According to the map of square feet, hundreds of thousands of people were moved.Just like Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's light-handed strongman, he sat inside the mansion and went outside the valley.For example, Wang Anshi's desire for Tianliang Mountain to park is absolutely impossible.That is to say, discussing the classics in the spring, and discussing the sending of envoys in the autumn, such as Song Tianxi who raised some prisons and took the post of persuading farmers, but who still did not benefit the people at all, is also famous but not worth relying on.Therefore, as a ditch, he must visit the head of the village and ask for advice from the head of the village, and he will take charge of the affairs with the county magistrate, assign him to the county magistrate, and assign him to the county prime minister.This collection of elders from the four realms, interviewing people and the terrain, and those who have a keen insight into their ability to make ditches, can count the days in the distance, and have a map to make their contribution.If there is waste land that can be communicated with, the husbands who lost their fields nearby will be recruited to do so.If the official aid is insufficient, Tian Cheng will teach him, and he will start a department in five years, and he will be one when the mu is ten.If there is a ditches, the land of which is profitable, then the people who are in charge of the industry will realize the land.Officials are equal in power, five days in spring and summer, ten days in autumn, and twenty days in winter. The year continues and ends.For one hectare of civilian land, half an acre of ditch land, so that those who do not do the ditch painting should be transferred to the neighboring fields.If the field is not enough for an hectare, you will let your strength and don't listen.If the field is less than 20 mu, it will take its strength.The benefits of storage and venting are shared by the two towns, and the county guard is responsible for their two orders.If it is ordered or replaced, it will be handed over to the person who received it.Every county magistrate set up a farmland department, and the county guard inspected it, and those who prevented success and made disturbances in the name of others were dismissed.The people of Suhu are good at paddy fields, harvesting soybeans and wheat in spring and rice in autumn, and the middle-aged people can get three stones.But the farmers in the north can't do it halfway, and they use nothing as paddy fields. Wherever the seeds of grains, the rice doubles into the rice fields, and the paddy fields double.The soil in the northwest is high and dry, and it is suitable for wheat and grain.The low and flat field where it is located is low-yielding, because it is not of the nature of grain and wheat, and once the rain is over, there is no water to pour into it.Sincerely be able to work diligently to measure each other, divide the land into years, imitate the meaning of the ditches, prepare and store water for paddy fields, and plant grains and rice for late maturity. If the highlands are flooded with water and cause harm, they will turn it into profit.And it is a ditch, which is not compared to the ancients who dug holes for profit.Prosper the interests of the people with the people's fields, don't send envoys, don't raise disciples, don't recruit households, depending on the size of their skills, do whatever they want, if there are small floods and droughts, if this is abundant and the other is sorry, then the neighbors must ask for their own methods and do it themselves Don't worry about the difficulty of the matter. [Guan Shi said] The north and the south are different places, the heights are different, and the dryness and humidity are different. Therefore, dry fields cannot be watered, just like paddy fields cannot be droughted.Ling must want to plant Yongji with the products of Jingyang, and he is the first to know the water conservancy.I don't know how to take advantage of the benefits of the place.And if the method of suiren ditches is practiced, the dry fields in the northwest will also benefit. How can it be less than that in the southeast?why?The area of ​​land in the northwestern states is several times larger than that in the southeast, and there are many types of valleys. Some are suitable for five types, some are suitable for four types, and some are suitable for three types. It is more fertile than the smeared mud in the southeast, and it is twice as thin, and the only sufferers are water and dry ears.If the ditches are repaired and floods and droughts are prepared, the yearly income of the northwest states will not be reduced compared to the southeast, and it will not be counted.It may be suspected that the well field has been abolished, and it is impossible to restore the law of others, and it is not the case.Those who are good at returning to the past also learn from their ideas.Looking at Zhou Li, Suiren's method is different from that of rice man. The rice field cannot be without water for a day, so it is used to keep livestock to prevent it.In dry fields, six to seven out of ten patients suffer from drought, and two to three out of ten patients suffer from drought. Therefore, the five ditches vary in size, but they are all ditches.The original intention of King Kui to make the ditch was to make the water flow in the ditch without flooding for years.In the year when the water is scarce, the water in the livestock ditch can be used to nourish the ears of the field.Today, the lower part of the land is regarded as a water-running area, and the lowest part of the land is regarded as a place for livestock and water. The joints are sparse and the eyes are wide. It is not necessary to exhaust the ancient system of ditches, but the benefits of ditches have been obtained. .Longmen County, today's Hejin.Thirty miles to the north, there is Guagu Mountain Weir, which was built in Zhenguan ten years ago.There is a ten-stone canal in the twenty-three miles to the southeast. In the twenty-three years, the magistrate Sun Shu dug it.Irrigate the fields and harvest ten stones per mu.There is Ma'anwu Canal in West Twenty-one Li, and I am sorry to dig it.There is Longmen warehouse, which was built in the second year of Kaiyuan, so the storage of canal fields was transferred to Beijing to save the water in the Kanto.The so-called river migration in the historical records of rivers and canals, if the canal is unfavorable to the field, it cannot be repaid.But the Tang people did it to make a profit.Therefore, knowing that there is nothing difficult to do in the world depends on the person.Those who say that the things of the future must not surpass those of the predecessors are not false.In the Tang Dynasty, Jiang Shidu was the governor of Tongzhou. In October of the eighth year of Kaiyuan, the imperial edict said that the strategy of irrigated Zhangzhou in the past history, and the benefit of Zheng Bai's excavation of Jingjing, have not been heard since then.Jiang Shidu, the governor of Tongzhou, has a very small insight, but his wisdom is not yet a sign.The festival of banditry will be exhausted.Follow the way of public service and know everything.He worked as a big farmer and was the first to open ditches.The merits of the year are still ambiguous, and there are many discussions about things.Because of his loyalty and money, the appointment remains the same.Suspend the weight of the nine columns, and observe the six.More than half of it is hidden in vain, and Sto is used for merit.Food is man and nature, and agriculture is the foundation of politics.Therefore, I am here to patrol the province, not afraid of Qi Han, and I will apply for persuasion and compassion, and I will take the disadvantages of wind and frost.Today, Harada Miwang is connected to the genus, and the origin of hazel thorns is the river of japonica rice. Cangyu has the people of Jingdi, and Guanfu brings the richness of gold.This camp here wants to benefit the people, because the people have not opened it, and they are afraid that the agriculture, rural areas and farmers will be abandoned, so the officials want to develop it, and they want to teach and lure each other.The work is done, and we think about it together.In its tuntian, there was a land where the common people registered their registration. Recently, they called people to be the masters, and they also reclaimed quasi-acres.Its official settlement of cultivated fields is like poor households in the state who owe land, and those who can manage their own skills and grow crops will be paid according to the amount, and the rest will be taken by the former officials.Shidu added gold Ziguanglu doctor with his meritorious service, and gave him three hundred pieces of silk. 【Original Registration】Registration House Yuan Gui.In this biography, since Shidu is good at digging holes, he must send people to drill through them. Although there are disadvantages at times, there are also many successes.After reading this imperial edict, you will know that there is no desire for haste, and no small gains are two words, which are the foundation of making meritorious deeds.Sun Shu'ao decided to pour the water of longing and thought into Yu Lou's field, Zhuang knew that he could be Ling Yin. [Original Note] Huainanzi.King Xiang of Wei drank wine with his officials, and the king congratulated them, saying that all my officials should be like Ximen Leopard. [Original Note] During the time of Marquis Wen, Ximen Leopard was the order of Ye.Shi Qijin said that the Wei family's field is also 100 mu, and Ye only has 200 mu, which is the evil of the field.With Zhangshui beside it, Ximen Leopard didn't know how to use it, it was unwise.It is unbenevolent to know but not to thrive.Benevolence, wisdom and leopards are not exhausted, so there is no way to do it.then.From the beginning of history as the order of Ye, diverted Zhang water to irrigate Ye, and enriched Hanoi in Wei Dynasty. 【Original Note】Historical Records.According to the Emperor Anji of the Later Han Dynasty, in the first month of the second year of the Yuan Dynasty, the Zhangshui River divided by Ximen Bao was repaired as a branch canal to irrigate the people's fields.It means that it was opened by Ximen Leopard.As a ruler, he has the initiative to do things diligently, has the strategy of granting the party and appointment, and does not suffer from ministers without Shu Ao and Shi Qi.In the Han Dynasty, the faithful officials were called to be the prefect of Nanyang, to make water for the people, to restrain the carved stones, and to stand beside the fields to prevent disputes. [Original note] In the Book of Jin, Du Yu supervised the military forces in Jingzhou, repaired the relics of the faithful ministers, divided the borders and carved stones, so that there are fixed divisions, public and private benefits.This is the beginning of today's water division system.At the end of Hongwu, the sons and talents of the country were sent to divide the counties and counties in the world, gather officials and people, and take advantage of the agricultural gap to repair water conservancy.In the twenty-eighth year, there were 49,987 ponds and weirs in counties and counties, 4,162 rivers, and 5,48 embankments in ditches and ditches.This is the effect of the holy ancestors who worked hard for the people.In Yuze Hongwuzhong, the magistrates of the prefectures and counties all over the world were ordered to play Yuze in the moonlight.Those who overshadow the ancients see the dragon and see it, and the three books of the Spring and Autumn Period mean that there is no rain.With the passage of time, the rate is regarded as an urgent task.In October of the 22nd year of Yongle, [Original Note] Renzong ascended the throne.The Secretary of the General Administration, please send the Quartet Yuze memorials to Shizhong for collection and storage. It is said that the ancestors ordered the world to play Yuze because they wanted to know the floods and droughts in advance, so as to be sympathetic to the people's government. This is a good law and a beautiful intention.Today's Yuze Zhangzuo in the prefecture and county is accumulated in the General Administration Department. How do the superiors know?And if you want to give it away for collection and storage, those who want to be superior will never know.What are the states and counties doing so in vain?From now on, the Yuze played by the Quartet will be sealed up, and I will read it personally. [Original note] This style of Yuze's performance is contained in the canon of the Ming Dynasty today.Alas, Taizu started from the sidelines and was promoted to the emperor. He regarded the vastness of the world as my farmland, and the people of Zhaomin as my tenants, so he paid attention to civil affairs.At that time, the chief officials were able to speak out about the sufferings of the people, and the elders were also able to report on their own.In the later generations, Yuze's melody was abandoned in bed, natural disasters were not heard, and people's hermits were obstructed and Mo Da, and then they knew that the meaning of the Holy Lord was not only for those who prayed for the year.The people are close and the country is governed, so there is a husband.The Yugong carried by the Yellow River, the river channel, passes through Luorui in the east, and ends in Dalu.North across the Wei River, as far as the mainland.It also spreads to the north as the Jiuhe River, and it is also the one that goes against the river and enters the sea, and its old way is also.In the Yuan Dynasty of the Han Dynasty, the river was cut to the southeast of Huzi, poured into Juye, and passed through Huaisi.When Emperor Wu came, he sent tens of thousands of soldiers to fill it, and built a palace on it, which was called Xuanfang.Guide the north to travel, restore the old traces of Yu, and restore the land of Liang and Chu without floods.From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the river has not been harmful for thousands of years. 【Yan Shi said】According to this, it is said that it is a big mistake, that the old traces of Yu Yu are restored, and there is no flood disaster.Ruogou Zhizhi continued to say that since the Xuanfang of Saisai, the north of the river was decided by Guantao, and it was divided into Tunshi River.Geographical Records Weijun Guantao under the note cloud, the river does not come out as the Tunshi River, from the northeast to Zhangwu and enters the sea.Although I don't know what year it is, it will happen after Renshen in the second year of Emperor Wu's Yuanfeng, and before Renzi in the first year of Emperor Xuan's Dijie.Yu Chang said that at the time of Yu, the river entered the sea from Jieshi, and in the fifth year of Zhou Dingwang, the river migrated from the northeast of Ye County to the sea. This is also a change.After the Yuan Dynasty was entrusted by Wu of the Han Dynasty, and before the Emperor Xuandi Festival, the river entered the sea from Zhangwu County, Bohai County, and this changed again.Ancient and modern major events, and Tinglin has not been considered? [Qian Shi said] Tian Zong said that the decision of rivers and rivers is a matter of heaven, and it is not easy to forcibly block it with manpower, and it may not necessarily respond to heaven.This is an old saying of seeking the country.At that time, the evil zokakers said that zokor Fengyi was in Hebei, so the battle of Jusaihe was actually not a public opinion.In the history of the Five Dynasties, in May Bingchen, the first year of Jin Kaiyun, the Huazhou River was broken, immersed in the borders of Bian, Cao, Pu, Shan, and Yun, surrounded by Liangshan, joined by Wenshui, connected with Nanwang Shushan Lake, and diffused for several times. For a hundred miles, the river runs from north to east.History of the Song Dynasty, in July of the eighth year of Xining, in Yichou, the river was determined at Caocun, Chanzhou.It is divided into two factions, one unites the South Qinghe River into the Huai River, and the other unites the North Qinghe River into the Haihe River.And from east to south.After Yuanfeng, they decided to go north again.The discussants wanted to restore the traces of Yu, but the ministers strongly advocated the proposal of returning to the east. [Original Note] The preface to the Hequ Chronicles of the Song Dynasty said that the two classics of Zihuatai and Dagu tasted overflowed, and the traces of Yu were restored.At one time, the treacherous ministers suggested that they must return to their old ways, and exhausted all the power of the world to fortify it, repeatedly fortified and determined, and then went to the south, bringing disaster to Jin Yuanshi.When it falls to gold and yuan, its trend is becoming increasingly southward and irreversible.Therefore, the river of today is not the river of ancient times.Seize Bian from below Zhongmou, seize Si from below Xuzhou, seize Huai from below Qingkou, all three are seized and then poured into the sea.It's been a long time now, and the height of the river is getting higher and higher, and Huaisi can't bear it.Discussions in temples not only regard those who seize it as normal, but the ministers of the water also take advantage of those who decide to take advantage of it. Not only do they harm the people's livelihood and the national economy, but it may not be irrelevant to the fate of heaven and earth.Qiu Zhongshen University Yanyi supplemented the etiquette and said, Sidu regards the princes.Those who call it blasphemy are alone, because they enter the sea alone, so the rivers, rivers, and Huaiji are called the four blasphemes.Today, the whole of the Yellow River is taken by the Huai River, and the two duns are combined to form one.Before the Song Dynasty, when the river flowed into the sea, it could still cause harm to the merger of Hezhou County. Now, the river and Huaihe River are united, and Qingkou is merged with Bian.The three waters of Si and Yi belong to the Huai River together. [Original note] The memoir contains Jin Jinghui's statement in the seventh year of Tianshun that the Yellow River did not follow the old path and flowed into Luo.In the past, the river still had some stagnant water, such as Juye, Liangshan and other places.There are still some divisions, such as Tunshi and Chihe.Although the people of the Yuan Dynasty rowed the river into the Huai River, there is still little survival of the Northeast Road.Today, the Huai River is used to receive the return of the water, and there is no trickle of leakage.Shao Guoxian wrote the theory of river governance, thinking that Yu's water governance was as good as the sky, and the six mansions and three affairs were allowed to govern his achievements, which can be said to be prosperous.Looking at it now, the space it occupies is very wide, the situation it is in is very easy, and the effect it seeks is very small.Today's flood control is far away from Yu, and the empty land is narrower than Yu's, the situation it is in is more difficult than Yu's, and the merits sought are greater than Yu's.Yuzhi guided the river from the bottom of Dalong, distributed the contracts separately, and sparsed them according to their location, and did not compete with each other for profit, so the water got its own nature without the danger of conflict.Today, if a cup of water is lifted up and poured into the ground, it must be able to accommodate it in a square foot, and it is inevitable.The river flows from above the big hole, and the water is in the cup.Below the big one, the water is on the ground.Yu Dayu couldn't use the water on the ground to restrain him like a cup, let alone others.Today's Shandong counties and counties in Henan Province are dotted with chess and stars, and the official pavilions and private houses live side by side. Wherever Yu's place is empty and filled with water, today everyone belongs to me.Because I have no place to hold water, rather than water occupying my land, it should be in danger of breaking through.Therefore, it is said that the empty space is narrower than that of Yu.Yu's water control works everywhere, without any hindrance.Today there is Linqing in the north, Jining in the middle, and Xuzhou in the south, all of which turn to the main road of Cao.And Daliang is in the southwest, where the suzerain is located.Looking left and right, moving will hinder you.Even if water has knowledge, it cannot be made to follow my will. Besides, water is ruthless, so it can bend snakes to help me?Therefore, it is said that the situation is more difficult than that of Yu.Kuang Yu's water control was just to eliminate the harm of drowning, and he had nothing else to ask for. Now he relies on water.It is not as good as Bian, and I am afraid that Linqing will be destroyed.It is not as good as Linqing, and I am afraid that Jining will be destroyed.It is not as good as Jining, and I am afraid that Xuzhou will be destroyed.Even if there is nothing bad, I am afraid that the canal will not be enough for transportation.It is the number, and then it is called the rule.Therefore, it is said that the merit sought is greater than that of Yu. [Shen said] A section of Fang Yu's notes says, if it is said, why not divide the Huanghuai River, but let the Huaihe River help the river, and the river strangle the Huaihe River?After the confluence, Haikou will be opened up.The river is not sidelined, it flows straight and deep, and it gets deeper and deeper when it gets the wings of the Huai River.It is completely different from Qiu Shao's theory.From the words of Yao Er Wenzhuang, it can be seen that the trend of the southward trend of the river is extremely strong, and the ministers of one generation can only repair the gaps and leaks, and only stop the current responsibilities.As for today, the calamity of Jue Yi will never go unnoticed.Alas!Its belief is beyond human power. [Rucheng Case] ​​The words of Er Wenzhuang are naturally the gains and losses of the former Meiji River.Yugong's words to control water are also called broadcasting and retention.When the nature of water is combined, it rushes, and when it is sudden, it overflows.Therefore, it is different and sparse, so it is also killed, and it is also known as Jiuhe in the north.Store it side by side, so its overflow is saved, and Ohno is both stagnant.It must be tolerated and not violent, then beauty can enrich things, and evil can enrich the people, and the benefits of the people will flourish. 【Qian Shi said】Yu's control of water is also to make people move from the ground, and it doesn't matter how to prevent it.Talking about defense will cost you nothing, and it will be a great trouble for the country.The river is the river of Beitiao, which flows from the Weishui continent to the Jiuhe River, and it is also the one that goes against the river to enter the sea.Yu's old relics are also the ones that are transported from Linqing to Tianjin today.After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the river flowed into the sea from Qiancheng, which is now the Daqing River.From Tang to Song and Jin Dynasties, this is the way.Between the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the river gradually cut south, and it first merged with the Biansihuai River to enter the sea. It is several thousand miles away from the mouth of the Yu River entering the sea, and the water in the north is also the south.The dikes on both sides of the bank are getting better every year, higher than the people's fields and cottages, and even with the city.The nature of water is to descend, not to let it go through the ground, but to force it out of the ground, if it is not harmful to overflow, it is not difficult!Today's river defenders take Pan Jixun as their teacher.Ji Xun's method of governing the river is nothing more than saying that clear water can be stored but not released, and that the Yellow River should be combined rather than divided.It goes without saying that the clear water should be stored and solid, but the Yellow River should be combined is what Ji Xun said alone, which is not an ancient saying.When Yu ruled the river, the two canals were formed, and the nine channels were sparsely divided into nine channels, which flowed into the sea according to their nature. Why can't they be separated?Blocking its tributaries and bringing them back together, if you want to use the power of the river to brush away the sand in the mouth of the sea, the plan is already gone.The ancients said that if the river is blocked and collapsed, it will hurt more people.It is said that the river should not be divided, but the embankment is increased to defend it. Once the embankment overflows, the embankment cannot be defended, and the country's money is used to block it. If it succeeds by luck, and the officials are rewarded heavily, this is the giant beetle of this country.The law of season taming has been kept for a hundred and fifty years, and its effect is so good. I don't believe it if it is said that you know the river affairs well. 【Zhou Ji said】Yu and the two canals lead to Hebei, carry them to the highlands, spread them into the Nine Rivers, and the same as the reverse rivers into the sea.The nature of the water just goes down, but what is the height of the load?Said, water-based, so it is good to use its nature for governance, and those who govern should use it cautiously.If it is high and falls suddenly, there will be no way to go down later, and if it goes down suddenly, it is a useless use of its power in a useless place.The river reaches Dalong, the mountains on the south bank are exhausted, the land is flat, and the soil is sparse and easy to flow, so it has been defeated several times.The high ground contained in the canal is facing the mountains in the west, and the roots of the mountains are solid and undefeated.And the most important thing is the nature of going down at the festival, not to make the path exhausted, to gather all your strength to return to the ruins, and to sparse it into nine rivers, so it is clear.The same is Nihe, so it is excited, and the reason why this Yu Gong is permanent.Those who talk about river governance in modern times are all masters of attacking sand with water, but they are also those who know the theory of going against the river.Husband water's nature must come down, but there is a difference in the way down.Those who carry water are the earth, and those who walk the earth are water.Therefore, it is not just to distinguish between the high and low of the earth, but also to distinguish between the high and low of the water.The place where the sea is below the river is self-evident, and the water of the sea is often at the same level as the water of the river.The sea water is clear and thick, and the river is turbid.Clear is light and uplifting, turbid is heavy and falling.When the river enters the sea, it goes down, and when it goes down, it is surrounded by sea water on all sides, and the force of the rapid downward movement does not exist at all. Therefore, after entering the sea for dozens of miles, there will always be sharp silt, and the two sides will disperse.If the river water can always be higher than the sea water, then the sea surface will be paved, and its castration will be farther away.That is to say, it can't be done. It should be made to go down gradually but not abruptly.That is to say, it can't be done. When it falls behind, it will grow long, and the road behind will be short.If the potential is long, the water power will be full, and if the road is short, the manpower will be saved.The highlands mentioned here are also the fingers of Nihe.Since the land near the sea is flat and the river is not narrow, it will have no power to enter the sea, so it must be an upstream river.On Nihe, it is better to be wide than to be deep.The water of the whole river is calculated according to its capacity. If it is wide, it must be shallow, and if it is narrow, it must be deep.The depth will reduce the height of the land to reach the sea, and the points below the sea will decrease.If it is shallow, it is so high that it goes into the sea, and it is still a strategic place.If it is narrow, it will be deep, and if it is deep, it will be angry, and when it is angry, there will be a lot of sand.Wider means shallower, shallower means clearer, clearer means less sand, which is to leave the silt on the tip of the sea to cultivate the land under China.This sparse is also the finger of Jiuhe.Well, Jia Rangtong said, don't compete with water for land.He was also afraid that people would not understand the theory of water content, so he led Qi and Wei to the embankment of the twenty-five li of the river to prove it.Husband went to the embankment twenty-five miles away from the river, and regarded it as far away from the embankment today.However, when the golden embankment is exhausted and the nine rivers are connected, it can be known that the travel wave is wide and wide.Above the mainland, the river water has to be turbid, and if it enters the sea, which one is better to stay in Yanzhou?So because of the situation, the number is suitable for nine.Covering a large area, the silt becomes clearer and the flow becomes clearer.As the years go by, the lower land gets higher, the river flows into the sea more smoothly, and the nine rivers become flat land.Later generations lamented that Yu's traces could never be seen again, but they didn't know that Gu Yu prayed and worshiped and waited for the day.It's not the same today, it's not surprising that if it's blocked, blocked, forced, and restrained, so that it can't contain its flow, and it has to be angry, it can't get out of the ground and come out of the original place. .Qiu Zhongshen said that one Huai River received the whole of the Yellow River. However, Xu Youzhenzhi River in the early dynasty of the study was like a canal that diverted the water between Pu and Si, and did not let it flow together.Since the sixth year of Hongzhi, Huanglinggang was built to cut off the way from the north, and the river always flows between Cao and Dan, but it still opens at Lanyang and Yifeng and drains to the south.Now it is re-blocked, so the river can't go to the north or south today, but it can only enter the Huaihe River by one line. transport.Below Pisu, there are lakes and ponds on the left and right, and the river must flow into them.I saw what Liu Gongfu said, don't wear a Liang Shanluo, will be between Huai and Si today.And the worries of the living people and the fish and turtles are endless.The badness of the river administration also started from the fact that the people who merged with the water were greedy for the benefits of the water retreat, and occupied the Tingze land beside the Dian River.Jia Rang said that the ancients established the country and the residents, and managed the land, which must be divided into rivers and lakes, and the water is beyond the reach.The big river has no defenses, and the small water can enter the barrier, and the humble people think it is sweaty, so that the autumn water can have a rest, and the left and right waves are wide and slow, so it is said that those who are good at rivers will make their way.It is also said that there is a marsh in the inner yellow boundary, which is tens of miles away, and there is a dike around it.In the past ten years, the eunuch gave gifts to the people, and the people now live in the huts, and this minister has seen it with his own eyes.According to the history of the Yuan Dynasty, when the Yellow River dries up, most of the old water parks and sewage pools are occupied by powerful families.When it suddenly overflows, the water has nowhere to return, and it causes harm.From this point of view, it is not the river that commits crimes, but people commit crimes themselves.I went to the towns of Juye, Shouzhang, Shandong. In ancient times, there was no water in the land, no size and no farming, and I forgot that it used to be Sichuan.Recently, Zhang Ling Xiuzhi, who lived for a long time, said that Yunliang Mountain is only ten miles away, and his false statement of eight hundred miles is the delusion of the novel.This is not seen in the history of the Five Dynasties, Song Dynasty, and Jin Dynasty. [Original note] Bingchen in May of the first year of Kaiyun in the history of the Five Dynasties and Jin Dynasty, the Huazhou River was cut off, immersed in the environment of Bian, Cao, Pu, Shan, and Yun, surrounded by Liangshan Mountains, joined by Wenshui, and connected with Nanwang Shushan Lake, Diffuse for hundreds of miles.According to the biography of eunuchs in the history of the Song Dynasty, Liangshanluo and the ancient giant Noze stretched for hundreds of miles, and Jiyun and several states relied on the profit of catfish.According to Jinshi Shihuo Zhi, the Yellow River has moved its old course, Liangshan and Luoshui have receded, and the land is very wide, so envoys were sent to resettle the fields.Before the Shawan was built, Xu Youzhen also said that there were 800 miles away from Liangshan to vent.Isn't it ridiculous to talk about scholars!Lu Wenyu continued to stop and record, saying that there are two problems in the river, namely Jue and Yi.The harm of decision is seen from time to time, but the harm of overflow occurs frequently every year.To make Jia Lu's three methods succeed, it is also a little help.And when you do it every year, the labor and expenses are beyond words.If you want to rule it now, you have to abandon hundreds of miles of land.First make lakes to accumulate waves.Secondly, the places along the river, imitating the method of polders in the south of the Yangtze River, are mostly ditches, which are large enough to hold water.Then dredge its silt, from the ground.And the nature of moistening the bottom is bound to the east.According to Wen Yu's intention, that is, Jia Rang took the second strategy, but did not dare to speak out.Jia Rangyan said that the best policy is to take the people who migrated to Jizhou to be flooded by the water. They will block the pavilion in Liyang and let the river go north to the sea.The Bo Dashan in the west of the river and the Bo Jindi in the east can't be flooded far away, and the period can be determined by yourself.Those who are in trouble will say, if this is the case, tens of thousands of walls, fields, and tombs will be destroyed, and the people will resent.Today, the ten counties near the river cost tens of millions of dollars to repair the dikes, and countless people are left behind in the final battle.It is like paying the cost of river governance for several years, and the people who have been relocated by industry.Follow the law of the ancient sages and set the position of mountains and rivers.And the great Han ruled thousands of miles, how could it compete with the water for the land within easy reach?Once this merit is established, the river will be stable and the people will be safe, and there will be no trouble for a thousand years, so it is called the best policy.If more canals are passed through the land of Jizhou, so that the people can irrigate the fields and divide the killing of water and anger, although it is not the method of saints, it is also a way to save defeat.Husband, it must be the heroic talent of Emperor Wu, who can dispel many mouths and create an extraordinary principle.When Pingdang envoys lead the river embankment, they play the text of controlling the water according to the scriptures.The edict of Song Kaibao also said, "Every time I read the previous book, I will study the scriptures in detail.It is recorded in Ruoxiahou, but it is said to guide the river to the sea, and follow the mountains to dredge the river, but it is not heard that the turbulent flow is controlled by force, and the high bank is widely camped.In today's words, those who control the water have nothing to do with the embankment.When Jizi replied to King Wu's visit, he first said that the flood in Gun's mound, and the five elements in Mi Chen, made the emperor furious.The ministers who ruled the river in the later generations were all Gun, and it was not their own wishes that Gun was called, but the emissary of the state religion, who was called Gun. [Original note] Cuiyuan River embankment is admonitions for those who visit, the guide is not the guide, the mound is not the mound, the eight fields are filled with silt, and the water is high and the houses are high.The one who thinks the river is the water, so is Yu.Those who block the river and think of it as water, are also Ming people.Therefore, it was called Hequ in ancient times, and it is called Hefang today.Hearing it first, he said that before the apocalypse, no one was against the He Jue.Invasion of money will be disadvantageous from the general river to the gate officials.If you receive food for work, there will be no disadvantages from deacons to those who are idle and have no food.Those who are disadvantaged are the sole proprietors.However, this year's breach, next year's receding to the beach, and filling up the silt will often cause doubling, and only one out of a hundred people will drown.Therefore, it is not a matter of one day and one night to repair and rule every year, and to break through every year, so as to tame and cause today's harm.The laws of the country make it so, so how can those who fight against the shackles be fully responsible.Not alone.There are people in Bidu who say something and buy something for others, and there is no one who does not ask for a reward.Hundreds of officials and divisions are served by the imperial court and sent, and there is no one who ignores the rewards.From the official Shi Xutu to the Gongqing doctor, it can be said that they are of one heart and one mind.If you don't return to the hearts of the people who rule the world and lead the land, so that righteousness comes first and benefits come later, peace will not be achieved in the end.So fools think that today's work is to correct people's hearts, and they are eager to suppress the flood. [Chen Hongbo said] In the second generation of Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the river became more and more southward, so it flowed from Andong to the sea.The Huai River was seized by the Yellow River, and the flow could not be sailed. Because it was trapped in Hongze Lake, the damage was very harmful.Pan Jixun of the Ming Dynasty began to use the method of brushing sand from the Huaihe River, guiding the Huaihe water injected by Hongze, diverting seven parts into Qingkou to clean the yellow, and three parts from the canal to Zhijiang.Gaojiayan was built outside to make Shuhuai powerful.There is a boat dredging inside, and the canal is deep.Since there have been no floods for decades, it is also called making the best use of the situation, so there are many achievements.Since the Song Dynasty, no one has ever surpassed the goodness of river governance.Since the beginning of the Republic of China, the defense against pirates has entered Yunti Pass. Because of the plum blossom piles at the pass, Haikou has gradually become silted up.Set up a reed marsh camp on the silt, and Haikou is increasingly blocked.Since the water from Hongze Lake was introduced into Gaobao Lake, the Huai River was weak and yellow, and the Qingkou was becoming more and more congested.So far in the past few decades, the number of low-level people has increased, and the number of high-level people has increased. It is inevitable, and there is nothing to blame.In recent years, the river overflowed and poured directly into Hongze, so the whole lake was filled with the water of Huanghuai and Erdu. , That is to say, Weishan was injected to the west, and Xuhai county in Huaiyang was harmed by it. [Also said] Yu Zhihe also spread nine rivers and cut two canals. Because the rivers are turbulent, they divide the rivers to kill their power, and guide them northward, but the water they enter is still small.Since then, Han has Tunshi and Dongjunqu.In Tang Yuanhe, the ancient Yellow River was opened in Liyang to cut off the water potential of the old river, and there was no flood in Huazhou.From the Song Dynasty to the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the river ran southeast, and the Song Dynasty was divided into two branches, and the Yuan had three branches.Between Pu and Si in the Ming Dynasty, Lanyang and Yifeng still had their own branch canals, but they did not run side by side.Now the rivers are united, and they join Bian from Zhongmou, join Si from Xuzhou, and join Huaikou from Qingkou to boost their momentum.They only rely on one sea mouth as the vent of the tail, and there are only two or three in the sea mouth from the past. If this is the case, if the river is not a problem, it is inevitable that the current water control person will be better than Yu and then it will be possible.Therefore, if you want to get rid of the river trouble, you must first explore its origin and understand its cause.Its hair also has its own source, so the upper stream should open more to lead the river to kill its turbulence.There is also some retention in its return, so the downstream should open up the seaport to smooth its flow.The Fu River travels more than 2,000 miles eastward from Dalong to the flat land before reaching the sea.When combined, the power is strong and conflicts, and when divided, the power is weak and the flow is peaceful.For the current plan, it is necessary to measure the situation in the places where the rivers in Henan and Shandong provinces pass, and guide their flow according to their heights.If the turbulent ones are diverted into branch rivers, and the lowly ones are donated as a big lake, the silt will be dredged and the swell will be drained, so that the upper stream will be divided, and the risk of rushing will be reduced.As far as Andong Haikou, although there are many silts, the current Caobiao Liuying is like Yingyoumen in the East China Sea, Guanhukou in Dianhu Lake, Yaogang in Miaowan, Yechaoyang in Xiaoguan, Xinyang and Douer Er in Yancheng. Hong Kong, where all the mouths of the sea are not far from the river, it is very easy to draw and divide.In addition, Weidangying, Heifengkou and Sheyang Lake are all places where rivers flowed into the sea in the past, but now they have been silted up for dozens of miles. In short, if the soldiers and civilians gathered in the camps are withdrawn and the rivers are allowed to flood, the seaport will be restored and the problem of downstream congestion will be eliminated.However, this is still a small one.Fuhe is impermanent in nature, and has flowed south for more than six hundred years.Today the South River is silting up day by day, higher than the north bank.The nature of the water will fall, and you should follow the trend and guide it.The north bank of Fengqiu in Henan is intersected with Zhili and Cangya in Shandong. First, measure it with the level to determine its height.The golden dragon is the best at the dangerous entrance of Qiuqiu, and there are still some traces of the old Beiliu.若决金龙口，由大名引而注之漳河，合滹沱诸水，借以刷沙，达之天津，以复北流故道，南北分流，河患自减矣。 【裘文达曰】河非可治也，亦顺其自然，导之而已。今之河更无事治也，亦导之使由其应归之道而已。who?河合淮，非其所欲也，纵下流多开支河，以杀其势，而不使别于淮，终为淮之害，而亦非河之利也。故今日之河欲其不害淮而永无患，惟在顺其自然以导之。而顺其自然，惟在使之别淮，寻其应归之道以东之。其策惟何？亦曰，改其流，广其身，深其臀，不与水争地而已。所谓改其流者，非别开河也。盖宿迁西境九龙庙东现有小河，分黄水入中河济运，北直骆马湖，支流为十字河。自九龙庙至中河之刘老涧，固黄河别淮，由石濩湖东归之正道也。今将宿迁县治南河身堵筑数丈，建石闸以为运河，使入九龙庙之河，以达中河，则运道之由黄河者不多于清口。河之身则自九龙庙至中河、刘老涧，辟之使与大河等，以达骆马湖、茆家河、下流六塘河。又将六塘河下流旧石濩湖分为南股北股，二河者开挑为一，以还湖之旧。其南股河口直五丈河，北股河口近义支河与六里河。即于五丈、义支、六里三河间开数支流以达海。其最北者经芦伊山北，由黄家觜归海。最南者即归头图口改挑直下入海，毋使复入湖河。如此则河永别于淮矣。或曰，自刘家涧、茆家河至桃源之史家集，又经河头集、大口门至沭阳低村，是为历年议走之港河。又由低村经唐沟、马厂、汤家涧、穆家桥以达大涟河归海，计二百六十余里，不较近于石濩湖乎？然港河久堙，仅有故迹。而唐沟以下地形高于石濩湖，又河身不宽，辟之则两旁居民应迁者无数，路虽近而费过之，固不如石濩湖之为胜也。至所谓广其身，深其臀者，则无论河流改与未改，均不容已也。广其身，当视南方大江而稍差之。大江身面窄者或七八里，宽者或三四十里。今河身自清河以西，宽不及十里，窄或仅一二里，如徐州城北且不及一里，固宜其水之泛溢不可制也。今欲辟两涯而侈之，即应始于河委之石濩湖。夫石濩湖三万四千五百余顷，固甚广也。自为南北股二河，其中因有民田，又两畔间有民舍。夫禹导河必弃地，奈何于湖底为田与舍也。今应将田仍复为湖，而西自沭阳张将军庙东至海州北魏庄等地民舍，并北股河北之龙沟庙，俱应迁之。北股河北、北皂沟之北随加挑浚。近北股者输其土于北皂沟北以为北堤。近南股者输其上于南股河南之高家沟、沈家集等处以为南堤。如是而湖身广，即河身广矣。其下流五丈、义支、六里三河间所开数支河，即禹贡之九河逆河也，合计之，应共得五六十里，以达海口，庶河之。委受全河而无迫隘之患。其自石濩湖以西，由宿迁、邳州、铜山至河南巩县等处，凡河身窄者皆辟之，俾如十里、八九里之数，如是而河身不太远于江，三汛不至横溢。所谓广其身，凡以游之云尔。深之法本于大禹浚川之遗制。禹之法不可复知矣，今但用搜沙及土方挑土之法，而已可奏功。近日有为百龙搜沙之论者，法用龙舟百艘，各于舵后置五尺之版一，竟版以铁为逆鳞，版面四隅置环，以系铁索，舵尾二人守之，令高下提放，以搜积沙。其舟近前两旁安水轮各一，令二人以足转之。舟行不论上下，帆风推轮，使逆鳞触沙，随流入海。又于海口搜之，使无阻滞。此其法甚良矣，今更因而润泽之。其法每艘用狎水兵丁八人，百艘八百人，五艘则一武弁督之。今请于春夏秋三时，督令为雁行者十，每日行舟搜沙。于秋末、三冬及春初水未发之时，即督令照土方法挑淤，又沿河每家岁派三工协挑，悉以其土加厚旧堤。如是岁行之以为常，水行地中，不复增堤，河身可无浅淤之患，此又深其臀以容之之策也。三策相济为用，实万世无疆之休也。难者或曰，弃南北股二河之田，如亏国课何？不知以湖为田，虽无异涨亦遭淹没，安从得国课也？且黄淮有故则灾及千余里，议蠲议赈不下数百万，今永除此有名无实之额，以一年赈费给所徒之民有余，而河患既息，将千余里禾稼无伤，增谷粟数百万斛，即可省数百万之蠲赈，是乃大益国课也。难者又曰，辟河夫役及百龙搜沙之人与舟，费帑得毋太甚？夫每年治河夫役，其数繁矣。今但将一二年合用之役，于水涸时并力兴工，其役宜敷于用，且既辟之后不必复辟，所谓一劳永逸者也。至搜沙兵丁工食，不宜从轻，然计每艘给银三百二十两，百艘不过三万二千，夕造舟、修舟及河员俸食银两，不及十万。行之既效，则每年抢修诸费万省，而沿河冗员可裁。今查江南河库供抢修名曰部拨协济者约银四十七万六千余两，供俸薪兵饷名曰外解河银柴价者约银二十二万六千六百余两，二共七十万二千六百余两，皆江南每年常额，河东河库及兴举大工之费俱在外。今搜沙之费不及十万，其省帑又何如也？自海口至巩县界，河道辽远，若百舟不足，即倍其数，亦不及二十万，每年计省常额七八十万，功费之相悬如此。为国计民生虑者，其以刍荛之言为可采乎？ 【又曰】河由六塘河趋南北二股河以归海，信得其道矣。而六塘河受骆马湖下流，沂水发时，沭阳、安东、海州常被其害。今复合大河，恐为害弥甚，奈何？曰如南北二股河还石濩湖之旧，又兼辟河之身而深浚之，则虽沂、沐共归大河，亦无患矣。必欲与大河别，则由茆家河经河头集北引入港河，稍迁旁居民，加挑宽深，一劳永逸，万世之利也。曰，此皆主大河由南归海而言也，必不得已而北，古河故道必择其一，将从何道可以畅流，并无碍于运乎？臼，必不得已而思北归次策，要不可引归天津，以漳、卫、汶三水合，不容复益以河也。由张秋而东阿、禹城以至滨州、阳信、蒲台、利津、海口，此古大清河，即汉千乘故道也。明帝永平年间，德棣之间河播为八，王景因之以成功。历汉、唐至后周八百馀年无河患。今寻其故道而疏之，河流通畅，可庆安澜矣。但八河多堙，重加疏浚，厥功匪易。较之由六塘河归海，费帑为多耳。至欲无碍于运，此尤未易言。运河由南而北，河从西南过张秋而东北，张秋南北建石闸，南旺湖汶水不能如济水之穿河而北也。然则自张秋至临清二百余里，皆当引黄水济运，每年不无疏浚浅淤之工。临清南建石闸，不可更令黄水入北，以淤北河。如此庶可无碍于运。而南旺迤南多分汶水济运，亦可永无浅涸之虞。盖南旺至张秋仅百三十余里，不必汶水之大故也。此策欲其有利无害，尤须河委多分支河，不然张秋南北举受大河之害，运道多梗矣。故曰此次策也。曰，身辟至十里，东西千余里，费帑不赀，虽捐项恐不足以济，奈何？曰，辟河身非必通身皆辟也。于南北二岸所开挑之处，各输其土于四五里外以为厚堤，即以两堤内为河身，堤内平地较见今河底为低，可以为河，则无俟皆辟，而河身已十里、八九里不等矣。嗣后每于水落时，近河家赋三工，同水丁八百人，协力开挑，输其土于堤外，遍植宫柳杂木，数年堤高厚如山阜，草木杂根纵横蟠结，虽有异涨，不能为患矣。夫战国时，齐与赵魏作堤，皆去河二十五里，两堤内计五十里。今仅十里，何可复狭？此法无论南归北归，皆为至要。不与水争地，变巩县迤东之河为底柱迤西、龙门迤北之河，策莫良于此。难者曰，两堤内河身十里，近河田园庐舍将若之何？曰，欲成大功，虽圣人不能姑息以悦人干誉也，法在处之得其宜耳。且近河必非良田，河身既广，近堤水亦不深，遍植芦苇，亦不至弃民利也。又富民必无近河居者，贫民所居寻丈之地，原非己有，令其徙于堤外，不为过也。曰，堤工稳固，虽不广河身，亦岂有溃决之患？曰，虽有坚厚石堤能保河之不决，不能保河之不溢也，故徙堤不足恃也。曰，近河居民岁赋三工开挑，得毋怨役之偏重乎？曰，河涨，近河先受其害。果能永无河害，何爱三工也？至沿河沿堤有居民，亦计地以役之。盖其地属官，不令出租，虽役之不怨也。 【又曰】江北之水为患者河为大，淮次之。故既治河，即不可不治淮。虽然，河不治则淮无由治矣，河既治则淮无事治矣。是故治河即宜治淮，而治淮仍不外于治河。Why do you say that?治淮之要亦曰无使河合淮而已矣。盖河合淮，不特沿河之地被其害，即沿淮之民亦无不被合之之害？别淮，不特沿河之地享其利，即沿淮之民亦无不享别之之利。窃尝论黄淮合清口，筑大墩，其害不可胜言也。而其大者有五焉，自清口至云梯关，淮身为河踞者十去其七，洪泽之南筑高堰以防淮之决，其东筑大墩直抵中流，以激淮之怒，遏河之南而使之东。夫黄淮水势无常也，三汛涨溢叵测也。设两水并强，高堰不守，天长、六合等县居民将化为鱼鳖。其害一。凤阳虽土瘠，前古末闻屡灾。自清口为黄流所阻，西起颍寿，东至泗州、盱眙，田园庐舍频遭水淹，蠲赈无虚岁，流亡转徙不可数计。其害二。大墩之筑，藉清刷黄，河涨则疏之归海，淮涨则不肯令之竟去，故虽遇寻常之涨，沿淮禾稼亦多损伤。其害三。阳城之颍，天息之汝，浚仪之睢，扶沟之涡，皆以淮为尾间。淮流既壅，则众水不行，归德、汝宁、陈、许都郡邑常为泽国。前年常开挑大洪等河矣，然下无所泄，虽加浚治，末如之何。水失其常，祸及邻省。其害四。泗州东逼洪泽，每春月后，城陷水中，官署寄治盱眙。秋冬水落，州民输纳莫肯至，州守于荒城中设柜督催且数十年。Its harm five.总此五害，迁延岁月，费帑病民，无有底止，得不思变计以为之所哉！且夫淮水本非有害也，而害且，则大墩之故也。淮非有需于大墩也，而卒使大墩为害，则河合淮之故也。河合淮，因束淮敌河，斯大墩不得不筑，高堰不得不高，而五害遂不可去。故欲去五害，莫如使淮畅流。欲使淮畅流，莫如使河流从宿迁北而别于淮。故曰治河即宜治淮，治淮仍不外于治河也。夫治