Chapter 17 Volume 16-1

The ancients made coins based on the importance of department stores.The money is one of the coins.It will be spread up and down with the benefit of guidance, and it is not considered to be the private possession of the owner.Shihuo Zhiyan said that if the people have more than enough, they will lighten it, so the old man will take it lightly.The shortage of the people is the most important thing, and the separation of the old people is the most important thing.Where the severity is concentrated and dispersed in time, it will be equal.So that in a city of ten thousand houses, there must be a house of ten thousand bells, and there are thousands of houses.In a city with a thousand houses, there must be a house with a thousand bells, and there are millions of houses. 【Original Note】Meng Kang said, 镪, Qian Guan also.In the ninth month of the fifth year of Emperor Yongming of Qi Dynasty, Emperor Wu of Qi issued an imperial edict on Bingwu, despising millet and silk, causing unemployment in industry and commerce.The capital and the Quartet can be ordered to pay hundreds of millions of dollars to buy the genus of rice, grain and silk cotton, and the price is better than that of the head of Guizhou. [Original note] Jingzhou, the town of Wangyi in Yuzhang, Southern Qi Dynasty, used grain to be too cheap, and listened to the people who used rice as their mouth money, and the best evaluation was one hundred dendrobium.Those who have excellent reviews will be selected by increasing the price.During Tang Xianzong's time, Bai Juyi made a policy to reduce the consumption of the money that is paid today, or accumulate it in the inner government, or stagnate in private households. If the karma benefits and hurts, ten years from now, the disadvantages will be even worse than today.In April of the eighth year of Yuanhe, the imperial edict prioritized money over goods, and paid 500,000 guan from the internal treasury, ordering the two cities to buy cloth and silk, and each end was based on the old estimate plus one-tenth.In the first month of the twelfth year, another 500,000 yuan of money from the internal treasury was ordered, and the Jingzhao government was ordered to choose a suitable place to open the market and trade at the market price.Today's silver is like the money of the previous generation.It is the treasury that collects millions of dollars every year, but does not know how to circulate it. As a result, the bottom of the silver is exhausted, and there is no way to continue to seek it, and then the people are poor and steal it.Shan Mugong once said that if the people use it to realize the palace, it will be used as a wasteland because of the Sichuan plain.Since ancient times, have the people run out of wealth, and the owner alone owns the one who hides more?There is nothing else, not knowing that the origin of coins is the common wealth of the upper and lower, but thinking that it belongs to the family.The poem says, if you don't hang on to Haotian, you shouldn't be empty of my teacher.There is a son who said, the people are not enough, but the king is familiar with enough?The ancients knew it. [Hu's said] Zhou Zhiquan Mansion, Han Zhiping, Song Zhijun lost the market, and the three laws are completely clear.Those in Quanfu do not sell things, but collect them with officials, and then the people have no stagnant goods, so they don't buy them because they are cheap.Things are obtained from time to time, and if there is capital, then the people will have nothing to use, and it is not because they are expensive that they are sold.Collecting so that there is no stagnation, and making capital so that there is no shortage, neither is for profit, but for the people.For those who are equal, the capital officials are divided into the main county and state property, and each county also has its own official to transfer its property to the capital.The officials of the prefectures and states treat their lowly ones, and the officials of the capital treat their noble ones, so that the rich merchants and big businessmen have nothing to make big profits, and the goods and businessmen do not thrive.Although it is his secret to compete with merchants for profit, it is still a beautiful name to dance with forbidden objects.Those who lose evenly will receive offerings.Those who trade in the market are also used by the people.All the money and goods of the inner government are caged in various roads and in the capital, so that the folks can't sell a piece of grain, a tile, and a rafter unless they are an official, and they can't porridge unless they are an official.It is also used to offset the loan, and the responsibility is to pay interest.The people are unbearable, and the supervisors value the law, do not avoid the name of inferiority, and do not tire of fighting for profit.The distinction between the similarities and differences of these three methods is unavoidable. [Yao Xingbu said] Shiyan Sima Zichang was guilty of being blamed by the Han and could not redeem himself, so he became angry and spread the goods.Yu said otherwise.Gai Zichang saw that the emperor could not lead the sea with tranquility and indifference, and had no school for the surplus of things, but used the system to prevent the decline of etiquette and customs, so that his people could follow the example of lust and luxury, go to shame and seek profit, and the wise men are trapped in poverty. , Su Feng is arrogant to the emperor.I also think that the gangsters in the alleys will take tithes, and they will go to the humble, and lose all the salt, iron, wine and wine.Therefore, it is said that those who are good follow it, secondly benefit it, then teach it, and make it orderly.The husband regards no desire as his heart, and regards ethics as his technique, who is Hu Fuan?Isn't Guoxi rich?If you are greedy to compete for the head of Guizhou, hate to think about what you can win, and use carving to accumulate, it will not be beneficial to the prosperity of customs, so that people will only suffer from their own wealth, worrying about promoting things that will not last all day, households die and accumulate, and material resources wither , The reason for the great chaos begins here.Therefore, ridicule its lowliness to make it expensive, observe its customs to see its politics, and observe its prostitution to know its weakness. This is the long-term ambition of the cover.Moreover, the lady who seeks profit is extremely good.Fang Qinshihuang unified the area of ​​Xia, whipped the barbarians, and the heroism shocked the world.And the capital of watching over the head shepherd and widow, and serving every husband and wife, but if you are afraid of losing your mind.Scholars are ashamed of the trip to sip the juice, how expensive is it for the emperor?Woohoo, those who live in things must go against the way, which is a pity!Wealth gathers above.It is said that the country is inauspicious.Unfortunately, with this, it is better to gather with ministers than to gather with the owner.In the middle age of Yin in the past, there was chaos in government and the same position, and the tools were shell jade, which was always in the treasures, and the trend of corruption and corruption was already very strong.A Pan Geng came out of Yan, and it became the rule of Zhongxing.As for the body of Zhou, the money from the deer platform and the millet from the giant bridge are gathered in the owner. [Original note] Shiji Yin Benji, heavy taxes are used to realize the money from the deer.But the former disciples turned against each other, and the calamity of self-burnt came to an end.Therefore, Yao's Zen and Shun still said, "The world is poor and poor, and Tianlu will die forever."And Zhou Gong's family is easy to say, Huan, Wang Ju is not to blame.Guanzi said, those who benefit from the same interests as the world, the world will support it.Those who are good at benefiting the world, the world seeks it out.Alas!What happened in the last years of Chongzhen can be used as a lesson for eternity.Those who have the world in the future, think so! [Yang's said] At the end of Chongzhen, some people saw that there were still dozens of warehouses of silver, and some said they couldn't say no. [Chai Yushi said] Those who manage money, make what they get enough to pay for what they get out.Peace has been going on for a long time, and the supply of billions is huge, and the thought of harming the upper and benefiting the lower is always in the heart, and the rule of living within the means has not yet been fully planned.Li said, if you have enough money, you can achieve success.If there is little embarrassment, then the great policies of levying, flattening, taxation, compensation, and disasters will not be implemented, and if it is too late, all the laws of sloppy will follow. This is not the reason of the world.In the words of the university, financial management is called life, food, work, and use.Husband's life and work, and things belong to the subordinates. Today, everyone in the subordinates knows that they are dedicated, and the superiors are no more than Dong Qigang's discipline.For food and use, the power is at the top, and it is necessary to communicate with the provinces directly for 30 years, so that there is more than enough.Seeing that the ministers of Taiwan asked for an accountant, it was said that the annual income was 36 million, and the output was also 36 million. Food is not scarce.Zhili also repaired water conservancy.It is not comfortable for the ministers to ask for donations to the officials of the Taoist government.Ministers view that in the past when there was peace in ancient times, lack of wealth was always a problem.At that time, the discussion was to eliminate redundant soldiers, save redundant personnel, and practice frugality.Today, there are no false records in the line of work, the granaries are given to officials without branches, and the palace has no extravagant expenses. This is the festival.If you pass this, you will be stingy.In the Tang and Song dynasties, there were offerings for taxes and grains, sending envoys, staying in the state, and urging subjects to break points.That is, before Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, eighty or nine points were the standard for enlistment and pursuit.When Zhang Juzheng was in the country, he passed the test with ten points.In addition to saving money, food and salaries, save at least.Moreover, there is a waste of land, a surplus in customs duties, and a surplus in salt taxes.However, if it is counted today, what you enter is only for what you go out, and if you count it in another day, what you enter will hardly be enough to pay for what you go out.Taking the benevolence of the emperor and the rest of the country, it is a waste of time not to plan a method of increasing revenue and reducing expenditure, which is a recipe for eternal harm.It is a negative country to be generous with the body of a minister, to prepare officials and provinces, but not to be exhausted, and to praise Yuanmo.Although the matter is extremely important, it is definitely beyond the reach of ignorant vision.However, those who have nothing to do with this can't stay silent.According to the minister's plan, one is to open up the farmland outside the border to support the idle.One is to give several years of salary and dismiss the Han army.One is to change the money donated to the prison to confiscate public expenses.After the three are done, good laws and good intentions can be obtained and practiced.Why?I heard that Taizu of the Song Dynasty had the world, and he had only 160,000 soldiers in China.During the reign of Hidemune Zhiping, the national power was exhausted to one million and two hundred thousand.Shenzong wanted to change his disadvantages, so Wang Anshi practiced the method of protecting horses to eliminate soldiers, and the method of exempting the market from military service to make money, and the state affairs were gone.Zongzhi of the Ming Dynasty did not serve as an official or farmer, and he looked up to Zonglu.After the middle period, they live together in a tent, share the bread and eat, men at forty are not allowed to marry, and women at thirty are not allowed to marry, why?The strength is not enough to give it.Today Manchuria, Mongolia, and Han armies each have eight banners, and the Fanchang of Dingkou is regarded as ten at the time of Shunzhi.But the difficulty of making a living was less than five in the time of Kangxi.Moreover, he was endlessly dependent on the officials, and he did not use them within five hundred miles.Then in the future, the disadvantages at the top will be like the raising of soldiers in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the disadvantages at the bottom will also be like the clan of the Ming Dynasty.The minister steals Manchuria's idleness and the Eight Banners of the Han Army, and it is advisable to try to settle down.From Chayan to Fengtian and other places, there are many springs and fertile lands. Recently, courtiers such as Gu Cong have asked to reclaim them.Please send ministers who are interested in planning to go to the branch manager. If there is a place to settle, we will send money to build a fort, build a house, buy cattle and farm tools, and divide it into each banner. Those who are capable of farming, Ci Ding and Yu Ding of the family, are ordered to live there.The land he plows is paid as permanent employment, and the cost of work is deducted every year, and he will not be promoted.But let them practice during the farming break, and after a few years, they will all become strong soldiers and can resume the livelihood of Manchuria.It sends people to the military platform year by year to support Mongolia, and it is a waste of money. It is better to ask them to donate money to work.Since then, those who wish to go will be asked to go one after another.This is also the way to settle idleness in Manchuria.Up to the Eight Banners of the Han Army, there has been an order to let them fly the flag, and those who are too restrictive in the rules and willing to fly are taken as an example.For example, there are many powerless people who are allowed to leave the flag. They are afraid that they will not be able to make a living after leaving the flag, so very few people are sent away.Now, no matter whether his family is an official or not, he is allowed to leave the flag.When his family sees those who serve as officials, they will each be given a three-year salary.Those who have no official residence will be given a six-year salary.Allow him to bring his family property with him, and let him do as he pleases.Gaibi has been in the banner for a hundred years, and it is difficult to go away with his hands. If he can bring his family property and pay him three or six years of salary, he will be able to compete with the annual salary if he runs this business.Then the rich and the poor will not lose their homes, and after five years, the savings of national funds will be infinite.That is to say, if you can't give it all for a while, you can divide it into several years, and then scatter it, and the money will not be too big.Officials below Dutong and Zhangjing and above, each according to their rank, have successively replaced the green flags and promoted the town generals. This is also the way to settle the Han army.The ministers pressed again, and those who consume the envy and return to the public will benefit the world.It is also a great disadvantage in the world today.During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the legal system was lenient. The prefectures and counties were outside the land, and privately collected fire consumption. The bad regulations and tax concealment were not exhausted. The boss distributed the fat here, the Beijing officials blackmailed it here, and the tourists got their hands on it here.Dividing fat is related to deception, extortion is related to exaggeration, and getting involved is related to traffic.The wind of greed is still there, and it is thanks to the money.Since Consumption Xian returned to the public, all the evils have been cleaned up, which is for great benefit.However, it is not the same funds as the private levy to those who want to ask for it. The company responsible for it is not willing to take it arbitrarily, and the boss does not dare to force it.Those who are virtuous and capable can use local wealth to manage local affairs.Therefore, during the Kangxi period, there were many officials who followed the records, and the financial use could also be circulated.Since returning to the public, the people's input is more than that of the official confession, and the slightest cashier is inside.The public expenses of the land, except for the officials to support the integrity, have nothing left.The maintenance of honesty by officials is nothing more than the salary for repairing preserved meat for Mu Hakka Ding, the entertainment in the matter, and the complicated expenses of horse and vegetable salaries.Every place has something that should be done and a campaign that should be promoted. Donating your own funds is poor and poor, so it is not easy to ask for public funds.So the governor stopped the question and transferred the subordinates to rectify the place, regardless of its advantages and disadvantages.If you only manage case files in prefectures and counties, you have both talents and talents, regardless of farming and mulberry education.I don't dare to quote in general, please speak with the conclusive evidence of recent events.There is nothing more important than reclaiming wasteland, and in Guangdong Province, there are as many as 20,000 hectares of barren land, and there is nothing wrong with it.Nothing is more important than water conservancy, and the waterways in the northwestern provinces have never been dredged.The Zhengbai Second Canal in Shaanxi used to irrigate 60,000 hectares of fields, but today it is less than 100 hectares.Huguang produces rice to feed the southeast, but there is no long-term strategy for sending officials and people to the embankment workers on the lake bank.There is nothing better than ordinary Tiao, but the price of expensive Tiao is not equal, and the price of cheap Tiao is nothing, so there are different discussions, and there is no final conclusion.And he knows it.This is all due to the fact that every time a company takes public money, every time a company does a job, it fears the refutation of the second household and labor department at the top, and fears the compensation of the family at the bottom.Therefore, it is said that the great evil in this world is also.The benefits of the husband and the people are limited, so the law of the sage must be changed.Today, there is no way to change the law of returning consumption and envy to the public. The only thing is to set up a public project for the locality, so that those who are in charge will not suffer from financial embarrassment, and then it can be cured and effective.Your Excellency, please continue to handle Changping warehouses as usual. One of the donations and prisons will be reserved for the public use of the provinces. Except for the official salaries and military salaries, the regular items will be used as usual. It should be built, the poor should be lent to the poor for reclamation, the altars, temples, temples, bridges, and public buildings should be repaired, and the value of buying barns is not enough.If there is a big battle and a lot of money, the governor will accommodate the items of the whole province.If there are deficiencies, we will move items from neighboring provinces to help them.The power of inspection belongs to the governor, and the power of verification and reduction is exercised by the governor. There is no need to re-check internally.Then the funds are abundant, the programs are sparse, and all local real affairs can be held.Or if you suspect that you will buy it again, the grain will be expensive. I don't know that Changping has been doing it for two thousand years, and it is the most good method.The former purchases and collects donations in parallel, and because there are shortages and apologies in all provinces, relief and loans are requested, and they are mixed together, so the grain is expensive.And donate one item to the prison, or harvest both silver and millet, or the true color of a good harvest, or the color of a poor harvest, all of which can be adjusted for Changping's inadequacy.It may be suspected that this item does not belong to the official offering, and there are Spideo's corruption and falsehood.A husband who doesn't know how to be clever, even if he is offering, he will still consume energy.Honest and honest people dare not deceive themselves even though they are ambiguous.Setting up officials and assigning duties to the people, we can only make laws to punish corruption, and we can't give up eating because of choking.The Tang people reduced Liu Yan's ship material, but the water transportation did not continue.The Ming people regarded Zhou Chen's consumption of rice as a positive item, resulting in a lot of burdens, and many people starved to death on the road.A big country cannot be governed by small principles, and this is certainly not the case for people who are good at managing money.This donation to prison should be confiscated.If the three methods are done, then the degree of support will be determined.For example, the excess of the tariff and salt tax can be increased or reduced to enrich the people's strength.If the funds are available, such as charity and charity can be stopped forever, so as to clear the way of officialdom.If the people's power is abundant, they will educate and practice, and if their official career is clear, their customs will be correct.Education is practiced and customs are correct. The emperor, with his body of respect and diligence, sums up his discipline and consolidates the career of primates. It is like Mount Tai and four-dimensional.The minister thought day and night, thinking that there is no rush for today's important tasks.After the Tang Dynasty adopted the two-tax law, people all over the world sent gifts to the state capital. One was to make offerings, the other was to send envoys, and the third was to stay in the state. [Original note] The biography of Pei in the old Tang book and Shihuo in the new Tang book are the same.Yuan Zhen appealed that the minister Fuzhun made imperial edicts and annual edicts before and after, and kept the two taxes in the state and envoy money, adding one money and one property. Visit Wenzao.In the third year of Emperor Qiande of the Song Dynasty, all the states were ordered to support the funds, and all gold and silk were sent to the palace, and no one could keep them. 【Original Note】Song History Shihuo Zhi.Since then, more than one coin has been returned to the imperial court, and the book collar is more delicate than in Tang Dynasty.However, the reason why the Song Dynasty became weaker and unable to be strengthened was because of this. [Original note] Song Shiyan said that when Song gathered troops to the capital, there was no wealth left in other prefectures, and all the expenses of the world came from the three divisions, so it cost a lot.People in the past said that the ancients hid wealth from the people. Since the Han Dynasty, the wealth has not belonged to the people, but has remained in the prefectures and states.Those who come later know this meaning are rare.Since the beginning of Tang Kaicheng, Gui Rong has been serving as the Minister of the Household Department and the Yushi Zhongcheng. He said, "One family in the world, why not Juntu?"The wealth of China and foreign countries belongs to the treasury of His Majesty.In Song Yuanyouzhong, Su Zhe was the servant of the household department, and he said that those who are good at serving the country should hide it from the people.Secondly, the state and county of Tibet.If there are more than enough in the state and county, the transshipment department will always be sufficient. [Original Note] Still today's chief secretary.If the transshipment department is sufficient, the household department will not be trapped.Since Xining, ministers who talk about profit don't know what is going on, and want to make the country rich, but they are first trapped in the transfer department.If the transshipment department is in trouble, it will not continue to make offerings.The offerings did not continue, and the household department was exhausted.The two divisions are both trapped, and [Yang's said] the two divisions will be transferred to the Ministry of Households.Although the internal funds are not stored like hills and mountains, but entrusted as rotten soil, it is useless to count.Therefore, during Renzong's time, Fu Bi knew Qingzhou, and the imperial court wanted to bring Qingzhou's wealth into the capital, and Bi Shang sparsely advised him.Jin Shizong wanted to transfer the money from the prefectures and counties to the capital, but Tu Shan Kening thought that the money from the people would be less, so he advised him to stop it.As far as I can see, there is a clear thing to use up the silver from the outer treasury to solve the household department, and it was built at the end of the year, not the system of the ancestors.Wang Shixing Guangzhi explained that the treasury of the world is not in the middle of Sichuan, and I tried it with the Wuzi Code in Sichuan, and the vassals who inquired had a treasury of 8 million. 【Original Note】The number of silver taels.That is to say, Chengdu, Chongqing and other prefectures all have no less than 200,000 yuan, and Shunqing has 100,000 yuan.There is no food in Gaichuan, but it is specially prepared to use troops in the southwest.The two Zhejiang provinces were the best in the world, Yu Dinghai went north, Teng Shi Shaosong was Yu Yan, Guiyou supervised the middle of Zhejiang, and the vassal reserve was 800,000.Later he became Fang Bo, only 400,000.Now he is Zhongcheng, and the vassal secretary said less than 200,000.In ten years, the savings were all gone.When Yu Jichou participated in the administration of Guangxi, Gu Nie envoy asked him about grain storage in Zhejiang Province. When he inquired, it turned out that there were less than 100,000 people in Zhejiang Province.Guangxi's old treasury has a reserve of 150,000 yuan in silver, and every year it takes what it earns as its income.Yu Jiawu participated in politics in Shandong, and the vassals did not have a reserve of 200,000.When Gengchen entered Yunnan, the Dian Fan was less than 100,000 yuan. Like Zhejiang, they took 50,000 to 60,000 yuan for mining lessons every year.Today, Taicang only saves more than 4 million yuan in the old treasury, and if there is anything to do, it will be taken from the Taipu Temple.When Yu Yiwei was the imperial eunuch, he only had four million in the old treasury, and if the price of horses was not enough each year, he would take fodder.In the past ten years, more than two million yuan were used in the east and the west.This is how it records the current events in Wanli.In the apocalypse, with the play of Cao Jiang Fan Jishi, all foreign reserves were ordered to be released from Beijing, and the order to search and collect began from then on.The full text of the Shangyu is recorded here, so that those who examine the changes of the world can have a look.On April 7th of the sixth year of Tianqi, the Procuratorate of the Ministry of Industry was sent to the Procuratorate of the Ministry of Industry.In addition, Liaodong has not yet been restored, and the military pay is huge. If we do not try our best to check and check in many ways, the great work will be exhausted, and when will the frontier be peaceful.It's not that I look up to the heart of the three dynasties, nor is it the friendship of my servants.I read what Fan Jishi and Fan Jishi, the Xianchen of Caojiang in Nanjing, said, and they are well-founded.The treasuries of Yingtian and Yangzhou government offices under its management store silver taels. There has been a decree before that it will be released as much as possible.It seems that the sincerity of the public is enough to be a model for ministers and workers.So that all the ministers in the world share this heart, why should I worry about the prosperity of the Ding Jian and the difficulty of military pay?Fan Jishi's performance has been ordered for a long time, why hasn't his silver tael been released yet?The Metropolitan Procuratorate of the Ministry of Industry and Industry immediately wrote a quick reminder for urgent needs.Moreover, there are only so many wealth in the sky, and neither the officials nor the people are at the top. How can we witness the difficulties and put them in a useless place?I heard that the Salt Transportation Department recruits 6,000 taels of silver every year, and the actual collection is about 200,000 taels in the treasury. Also, Kang Piyang of the Salt Institute is in office and has not collected a penny. He distributes 10,000 more silver every year, about 200,000 taels. In addition, the supervisor Lu Bao left 40,000 taels of silver every year, about 400,000 taels.In addition to the expense expenses in the front yard, there are more than 800,000 taels of silver left, which can be obtained by checking the records.In addition, Nan Taipu Temple released the remaining two hundred and sixty thousand taels of silver for the horse price, and saw that it was sent to the warehouse of Yingtian and other houses.There are about 70,000 taels of silver left in Huke's warehouse, which are sent to Yingtianfu.Cao Jiang also sent about 100,000 taels of silver to the fourteen prefectures.You Caojiang sent about 300,000 taels of surplus silver to the three prefectures of Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, and Anqing for storage.There are already seven cases of censors in Beidao. They should follow the examples played by Fan Jishi and conduct a thorough investigation. As for Nanjing's garrison ministers Liu Jing, Yang Guorui and Hu Liangfu, Liu Wenyao, the officials of the Ministry, together with the officials of the Ministry, The whereabouts have been checked and verified by the management office, and they will be resolved quickly.Anyone who dares to evade suspicion, hides grievances, and resists with selfishness will be punished.If you can't finish the solution, then the fu press and other officials are not allowed to pass the test and transfer.Liu Jing and others are also not allowed to help the same people to be deceived, and to use the law for personal gain. They must do their utmost to rush to the public and search for it with all their heart. The common people and border affairs are all dependent, and the useful things of the country will not be invaded by corrupt officials. Germany and Italy.I also heard that the Nanjing Neiku, the gold and silver treasures hidden by the ancestors were all made by Wei Zhongxian.It is said in the late emperor's edict that my ancestral treasury has been handed down to the country's rare and rare treasures, and those who have stolen it to the point of emptying it do not know where it returns.Since then, I have searched endlessly, as for the addition.Addition is endless, as for donations, it will end in death.From this point of view, the order of search and inclusion was initiated by Fan Jishi and completed by Wei Zhongxian, but the lack of external treasury and the lack of people's power came from it. [Original note] In June of the first year of Chongzhen, according to the decree, Fan Jishi, Ah Feng, rebelled against him, falsely reported money, harmed the local area, and lived idle with a crown and a belt.It is impossible for a wise master to succeed, but it is still unavoidable to work with chaos. However, knowing that the upper and lower are one, and that the Chinese and the foreign are one, no one is capable of anything other than a sage king.It is said that those who grow the country and spend money must be small.Don't you believe in your husband! [Hu's said] The Tang Dynasty divided the Fu from the various states and made three of them, one of which was offered as an offering, one was sent to envoys, and one was left in the state.Sending envoys to stay in the state will be paid by the Secretary, and the emperor will not ask.In the Han system, the income from the rent and tax of mountains, rivers, gardens, ponds and shops, from the emperor to the fief Tang Muyi, all have their own private support, and they do not receive funds from the emperor, which is the law.The mountains and rivers of the Tang Dynasty are quite popular with the emperor, so I don’t want mediocre money to be used as the expenses of the ancient Tang Mu, so that I can give it to you, so it’s not enough to suffocate greed and ink and support its integrity.When Dezong died, Li Mi asked to stay outside the state and lost to the capital.Yuanyou went straight to check all kinds of ways, and all the things outside the tax were reported to the household department.Later, Pei Bo offered all the money he had sent to the envoy as an offering, which was quite beneficial, and he didn't add any taxes. He thought it was good governance at that time.In fact, changing the names of each other makes the supply of the superior richer, and the support of the state beneficial, only to know that the expediency of wealth and profit is governed by the superior, and no longer distinguishes the money and righteousness of the labor force as the inferior.And there are people who do not add taxes and the people are already sick.There are departmental affairs that are desolate, so they have to suppress the distribution of folks, and the meager profits of Douhu are also attributed to the officials.It is as big as a flying bud, a bamboo post, and a bag of gold and silk. It is used to lose to the rich and powerful, and those who travel in the evening will take all the people.If there is no restriction, it is necessary to spread and turn, and it will not be inspected again.A single order makes all the officials in the world lose their integrity, and the people in the world lose their wealth day by day.Poor government, what is worse than this?This is what happened to Xining in the future.The way to build a country is that valuable goods and wealth are said to be easy to use, and the court will actually take a hundred of them.To use it in martial arts, strong armor and sharp soldiers are enough to prepare against danger, and gold soup is not grain and cannot be defended.The emperor bows to self-deprecation, observes restraint with the world, and does not dare to change, so there is a surplus of funds, and the people are not troubled to collect.Once the restraint is exhausted, there will be many responsibilities for the company, and there will be many condemnations, and there will be many reprimands. The treacherous Xu knows how easy it is to guard the boss, but there are also many robbers. There are also many people who stay late and give them to wait for the dog.I don't know how to deal with this, but it must be offered to the state with mediocre money, and then Du Jiansi threatened to take it, and the chief official suppressed the sinus, so that the sage is enough to support the honest, and the corrupt will be offended. , and then the kingly way is feasible.If you open a course to recruit scholars, the people in the world will be stupid every day, and if you set a limit to collect food, the wealth of the world will be embarrassed every day.At the end of the day, I have seen no one who can make a country with wealth.So what?There must be a way to be a person, and then the subjects can be obtained and set up. There must be a way to make money, and then taxes can be obtained and collected.Mr. read the Sui Shu article and said, there is no one who is known as the rich of the national economy in ancient and modern times, like the Sui Dynasty.However, according to the history and biography of the examination, it is not seen that it has the art of enriching the country.At the time of the week, wine was questionable, Yanchi salt was banned, and there was a tax on entering the market.Until the third afternoon of Kaihuang, let it be combined.Husband's liquor, salt and iron, and market collection are considered by later generations to be the most important things for the state's wealth, but in the Sui Dynasty nothing was collected, and they only paid taxes.However, in the third year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign, one horse of silk was reduced to two zhang.Those who serve twelve times are reduced to thirty days, which is what Su Wei said.Then in the ninth year of Kaihuang, Jiang Biao was first flattened, and for ten days, he was exempted from the rent and tax of the year from the rest of the states.For ten years, there is nothing wrong with the universe, and the corvee is generous, and the common people who are fifty years old will lose and park.In the twelfth year, the east of the Hebei Province was ordered to reduce the land rent by one-third, the soldiers by half, and the meritorious service.Then it is slightly like this when it comes to taxation.However, at the beginning of Emperor Wen's acceptance of Zen, he moved to the new capital, then flattened Chen, and then went on to discuss the opposite side of Jiangnan and Lingbiao. In the past ten years, the camp and conquest have not been abandoned.History claims that the emperor has contributed to rewards, and has no love.Ping Chen Kaixuan, because of the celebration of rewards, he walked outside the door, and the accumulation of cloth and silk reached Nanguo, and the rewards were awarded one by one. The cost was more than three million yuan, and he was not stingy with money.Husbands are not extortionate taxes to collect money, and sometimes there are conscripts to squander money, and rewards are not stingy, so it is appropriate to use the emptiness, but why is it so rich?Examining it in history, it is said that the emperor bowed to the frugal contract, wore the clothes of the six palaces, and took the public transportation to make up for the emperor's servants as he ordered, and the non-swallows enjoyed nothing more than a piece of meat.Some officials tried to store dried ginger in cloth bags and offer incense in felt bags, but they all condemned them for the expense.Woohoo, then I know that Dayi's so-called frugal system will not harm wealth or the people. Mencius said that a good king must be respectful and thrifty.The Emperor Wen of the Han and Sui Dynasties both enriched their country with simplicity and frugality. Huang Lao, the master of Chinese writing, and Wen Wen of the Sui Dynasty served as the law, and their actions coincided with that of the sages.Later, those who talk about Confucius and Mencius and those who manage business are said, Gou is good at managing money, although it is acceptable for the world to praise himself.And his party then advocated the prosperity and enjoyment of Yuda, but the king did not know what he said, embellished the six arts, and wrote treacherous words to mislead the country, so as to achieve the effect of enriching the country and strengthening the army. [Qian Shi said] Ma Guiyu said that it is contained in the general examination of literature.The meaning of Ning people's banknotes is to collect them into Rizhilu.Pan Cigeng mistook it for Gu Zuo, and concentrated his income on reading Sui books.Mencius, the minister of speech and profit, said that if there is no political affairs, the money will not be enough.The ancients did not hide their words about wealth, and what is evil to those who make profits is to harm the people.In the past, the Taizu of the Ming Dynasty tried to depose the imperial censor who spoke and benefited, and said to his courtiers that a gentleman has a position and wants to follow his own way.The villain gets the position and wants to benefit himself.Those who want to practice the Tao have their hearts in the world and the country, and those who want to benefit themselves have their hearts in hurting people and things. [Original note] May of the thirteenth year of Hongwu.Yushi Zhou's surname is not recorded in the real record.This is the last intention of Tang Taizong's responsibility for Wanji.Wang Yundao, an official of Guangping Prefecture, said that Linshui Town, Cizhou produces iron, so please set up a furnace for smelting.The above said, I heard that in governing the world, the world has no virtuous people left behind, but I don't know that the world has no left-behind benefits.And if the benefit does not lie with the officials, it lies with the people. If the people benefit from it, they will have a lot of money, which is beneficial to the officials.If the officials specialize in their benefits, the source of benefits will be blocked, but it will be detrimental to the people.Now there are a lot of smelters, there is no shortage of military supplies, and the people's livelihood has been determined. If it is re-established, it will be disturbed again.The flow of sticks is overseas. [Original note] May of the fifteenth year.It can be said that the meaning of the holy ancestor not to be responsible for good goods can be said to be profound.Since the mining tax in Wanli, there have been many profit-seeking parties, and for decades, the poorer the people's livelihood, the more embarrassing the national economy.Then we can know the number of excesses and emptiness in order to control chaos.As a superior person, can he only seek profit and not care about the people?The biography of King Wei Yang in the new Tang book Ziwen praised that in Kaiyuan, the integration of calligraphy and writing began to benefit from words.At that time, when the emperor saw the complete governance of the country, he still had the heart to destroy the four descendants.The emperor of Rongdu dispatched troops and food, so it was proposed to take the leftover fields of hermit households to satisfy the master's desire.As soon as Li said it, the emperor hated it too late, and took the prime minister within ten years.Although offended later, there is still nothing to pursue and hate Rongcai.Since Tianbao, it has become more and more expensive to serve the army outside and envy the concubine inside.Therefore, Wei Jian, Yang Shenjin, Wang Yu, and Yang Guozhong each carved it with their own hands, peeled off the benefits, and envied tens of millions of coins each year, and kept them privately for the emperor, bestowing them with money, and the world spent freely.The emperor thought he was capable, so he was heavy on officials and envoys, and he was honored and distinguished.There are more days of exile in the world than before, and there are staff members who are out of work.But Jian and the others fulfilled their desires, and also used their power to slaughter them, and the four clans were all overthrown, making the world laugh.Do you believe in Mencius's saying that the top and bottom will collect profits and the country will be in danger?Woohoo, Rui Liangfu's Thorny King also said, there is a lot of anger, and he is not prepared for a catastrophe!The king of the three seasons is the same.The front car overturns and then does not know the commandment, the minister loses his body, the master forgets his country, and feels sorry for his husband!Reading the books of Confucius and Mencius, and learning the art of managing business, this was something that literati and bureaucrats were unwilling to do forty years ago, but now they are talking about it.If there is one person who can say nothing, the crowd will regard him as a shameful person.What goes up is followed by what goes down. Therefore, the position of Qian Gu and the secretary of the class were avoided by people in the past, but now they are fighting for it.Propriety and righteousness perish, stealing competes for work, and people seek profit first for the sake of righteousness.What the future Xing Wang should focus on is to punish those who are corrupt, so as to change the world's greedy and evil people, not before this.Mr. Chen Yu read the chapter on the history of the Song Dynasty and said, I read the Zhongyi Biography of the Song Dynasty. Instead of mentioning the crime of harming the people, and assigning the blame to Weng Yanguo, it is foolish to think otherwise.Helin Yulu said, in Xuanhe, the great thief Fang La harassed the east of Zhejiang, and Wang Shi begged him.Order Chen Hengbo [Original Note] People in the Song Dynasty tabooed Gaozong's name, calling him Hengbo.Use the shipping envoy to control the wealth of the seven routes in the southeast.Because of the suggestion, such as selling wine, vending, business tax, dental tax, boss money, and building shop money are all reduced, and they are not collected. It is called Jingzhi money.Later, Lu Zongyuan was very helpful.When Weng Yanguo was the envoy of the general system, he imitated his method and won it again, which is called the general system of money.At the beginning of Jingkang, the edict was dismissed.The army is flourishing, please implement it again, the color and eyes are wide, and the propaganda and harmony are enhanced.So far, it has been too troublesome for Thirty County.At the beginning of Hengbo's making figurines, his brother heard about it and wept in the family temple, saying that stripping the people to suppress their grievances would bring disaster to their descendants.After that, Ye Zhengzheng wrote foreign manuscripts for a long time, saying that the total money of classics must be exhausted, and the world can be done, and peace can be expected.However, the reason why the Song Dynasty died was that the general manager made money, and the prosperity of this money began with Humber.Although he was guarding Zhongshan, his family of 17 people was killed by a traitor general, which is not enough to cover his crime of depriving the people.Its initial special expediency.But the misfortunes that have spread to the infinite are offending Yizu and Taizong at the top, and offending the people at the bottom.But to cut off one's body and one's belly, and to rest in Zhongshan's eyes, is just for forgiveness, so how can one have a tooth for loyalty!Today's salary is greedy, so those who are glued to people's hearts and cannot go, because the salary is so thin that they can't support their families.In the past, the king of Wu conquered Yin, and the common people were rich.In the royal system, the subordinates of the princes are regarded as the superior peasants, the sergeants are regarded as the corporals, the superiors are regarded as the sergeants, and the subordinates are regarded as the superiors.Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty said in the yearly edict of Shenjue that if officials are not honest and fair, governance will decline.Today's small officials are all diligent and poorly paid. It is difficult for them not to invade the common people.Its beneficial officials have already laid down a hundred stones.Salary fifteen. [Original Note] As Chun said, law, a salary of one hundred stones and six hundred months.Wei Zhao said, if you eat one Dendrobium, you will benefit five Dou.In the twenty-sixth year of Guangwu Jianwu, there was an imperial edict to increase the salary of one hundred officials, and the salary of more than one thousand stone was reduced from the old system in Xijing, and six hundred stone was added to the old rank.In the third year of the first year of Taishi, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, the imperial edict said that the ancients used virtue to order nobles, and mediocrity to control salary. 【Original Note】It means that the salary is divided to look after the clan, the marriage is faint, and the deceased.For those who are in power today, the salary does not replace the farming, and it is not because of the worship of Hua.He proposed to increase the salary of officials.In the Tang Dynasty, the salary of the governor of Shangzhou was 80,000, and that of Zhongxia Prefecture was 70,000.There are 45,000 magistrates in Chi County, and 40,000 magistrates in Ji County and Shang County.There are 35,000 prime ministers in Chixian County and 30,000 prime ministers in Shangxian County.There are 30,000 Bowei in Chi County, and 20,000 Bowei in Ji County and Shang County.Xuanzong Tianbao has been in existence for fourteen years, and it is said that if there is enough food and clothing, you will know your integrity and shame.It is the reason for such as using too much resources, or greedy for endless, ruining reputation and pretending to be law.It is especially difficult to get it under the chariot. He has been a regular official at the ninth rank of civil and military affairs in Xijing.In the future, it is advisable to add 2 points to 10 points for food, miscellaneous uses, defense cabinets, and servants every month.It is the same as the official officer plus one point.Still a routine.And Bai Juyi is Yumu Houwei Shiyun, the official salary is three hundred stones, and the year-old Yan has surplus food.According to the records of the Jiangzhou Sima Hall, in Tang Xing, Sima in Shangzhou was ranked fifth, with hundreds of stones in the year, and a monthly salary of 60,000 to 70,000 yuan.In today's system, the salary is no more than twenty-three people in the Tang Dynasty, and he has no way to support himself, so how can he get it without taking the people?In the past, Yang Wan was prime minister. After inheriting Yuan Zai's eradication of extravagance, he wanted to change it to thrift, and first benefit the salaries of hundreds of officials. Huangfu Piao used the prime minister's judgment to pay. Please reduce the salaries of internal and external officials, and give Cui Zhi a letter to return the edict. It can be said that he has reached the origin of chemical theory.When the Han Shu said that Wang Mang, all the officials in the world did not have a salary, and each of them was an adulterer because of his official position. He received bribes and gave them together.According to the history of the Five Dynasties, the Northern Han Dynasty was a small country and the people were poor. The monthly salary of the prime minister was limited to 100 yuan, and the monthly salary of the governor was limited to 30 yuan.The book of King Mu said that the title is more important than the salary, and the officials are compared with the people, and the Cheng family died.This is what we call it.Officials of the previous dynasties all had job fields, and [Original Note] Jin, Wei, Sui, and Tang books all have the number of official positions from the first to the ninth.Therefore, his salary is heavy.If the salary is heavy, the officials will encourage more and be honest.Such as Tao Qian's seedlings, [Original Note] Jin Shuben Biography.Ruan Changzhi went to the palace the day before Mangzhong, [Original Note] Song Shuben Biography.It is also the certificate of public land.In the history of the Yuan Dynasty, from Shizu to August Yisi in the first year of the Yuan Dynasty, the number of officials was determined by imperial edict, and the ranks were divided into official positions. [Original note] the ranks are like the first rank, the second rank, and the ranks are like the first rank and the second rank.Give the salary and award the public land.According to the records of Taizu, in October of the tenth year of Hongwu, Xinyou, all officials were given public land, and the rent was used to fill their salaries.At the beginning of the country, this system was not abolished. I don't know when I will take the job and return it to the farm. However, the discounted salary is not recorded in the Veritable Records of the [Original Note].The number of them looked down on the previous generation, and it was impossible to be honest with the officials. [Pan's said] The first teacher said that he was loyal and trustworthy, so he persuaded the scholars.There is no tool for maintaining integrity, but it is absolutely impossible to be responsible for the integrity of others.In the Han system, the most humble official had a salary of one hundred stones. He was called a hundred stones and had a monthly salary of sixteen stones. His actual age was more than one hundred and eighty stones.In the Tang and Song dynasties, apart from the salary field, there was also a job field, and the spring and winter clothes were worn by people, etc., to optimize their strength, and the county magistrate rented up to 900 hu.The husband is rich and lucrative, but he is still corrupt and illegal. If he places a heavy code, what can the husband say!Today's system of salary is as thin as that of the previous generation.Since the rise of the army, provinces have been laid off, and those who are officials in the capital are often hard-pressed to give them clothes and fur.In honor of the special favor of the imperial court, officials below the fourth rank will be given full salaries in autumn and winter in the second season. I look up to the kindness of the officials.I would like to make a good sound, consider the past and the present, and increase his salary. When the ministers see such a generous shirt, everyone is moved. Isn't it a way to promote honesty and loyalty? [Rucheng case] In addition to the regular salary of the country, it is doubled to support Lianyin.As the name suggests, how excited should the minister be.Xuanzong Shilu, Gengchen in March of the eighth year of Xuande, who was also in charge of Hu ●, Minister of Rites of the Ministry of Household Affairs, asked civil and military officials to distribute banknotes for seven years.At the rate of 10 cents, 70 percent off and official silk, 400 guan notes per piece.Three-fold fold and official cotton cloth, two hundred guan notes per piece.From it. ●At the beginning of the proposal, conspire with the young teacher Jian Yi, etc. Yi and others can't speak with force, saying, Emperor Renzong has been in the erotic palace for a long time, and he knows that the salary of officials is very thin, so the increase is several times when he ascends the throne. How can this benevolent government be violated. [Original note] Gengshen in October of the 22nd year of Yongle, the monthly increase was given to the civil and military officers in Beijing and the generals of the Jinyiwei General Banner to each have five buckets, miscellaneous staff and officials, and each guard's small banner army, Lishi, Lieutenant, and other family members. Dou, those who have no family members have five liters for each dou, and those who are allowed to pay money for salary. ●At the beginning, I wanted to reduce each stone to ten guan. After hearing Yi and other words, I made fifteen guan. 【原注】按洪熙元年闰七月，尹松言，官员俸禄以钞折米，四方米价贵贱不同，每石四五十贯者有之，六七十贯者有之。则是时折钞犹准米价。白而行之，而小官不足者多矣。 【原注】已上实录文。大明会典官员俸给条云，每俸一石该钞二十贯，每钞二百贯折布一匹。后又定布一匹折银三钱，是十石之米折银仅三钱也。 【原注】正统六年十一月丙辰，增给在外文武官吏军士俸粮，原定粮一石给钞十五贯，今增十贯，为二十五贯。十二年四月丙辰，乃减为十五贯。景泰七年二月甲辰，令折俸钞每七百贯与白金一两。天顺元年正月壬辰诏京官，景泰七年折俸钞俱准给银，从户部奏请，以官库钞少故也。成化二年三月辛亥，减在京文武官员折俸钞。先是米一石折钞二十五贯，后因户部裁省，定为十五贯。至是尚书马昂又奏每石再省五贯，从之。时钞法久不行，新钞一贯，时估不过十钱，旧钞仅一二钱，甚至积之市肆，过者不顾。以十贯钞折俸一石，则是斗米一钱也。小吏俸薄，无以养廉，莫甚于此。成化七年十月丁丑，户部请以布一匹，准折文武官员俸粮二十石。旧例，两京文武官折色俸粮，上半年给钞，下半年给苏木、胡椒。至是户部尚书杨鼎奏，京库椒木不足，甲字库多积绵布。以时估计之，阔白布一匹可准钞二百贯，请以布折米，仍视折钞例，每十贯一石。先是折俸钞米一石钞二十五贯，渐减至十贯。是时钞法不行，钞一贯直二三钱，是米一石仅直钱二三十文。至是又折以布，布一匹时估不过二三百钱，而折米二十石，则是米一石仅直十四五钱也。自古百官俸禄之薄，未有如此者。后遂为常例。盖国初民间所纳官粮皆米麦也，或折以钞布。百官所受俸亦米也，或折以钞。其后钞不行，而代以银。于是粮之重者愈重，【原注】崇祯中粮一石至折银二两。而俸之轻者愈轻，其弊在于以钞折米，以布折钞，以银折布，而世莫究其源流也。正统六年二月戊辰，巡按山东监察御史曹泰奏，臣闻之书曰，凡厥正人，既富方谷。今在外诸司文臣，去家远任，妻子随行。禄厚者月给米不过三石，薄者一石、二石，又多折钞。九载之间，仰事俯育之资，道路往来之费，亲故问遗之需，满罢闲居之用，其禄不赡则不免失其所守，而陷于罪者多矣。乞敕廷臣会议，量为增益，俾足养廉。如是而仍有贪污，惩之无赦。事下行在户部，格以定制，不行。北梦琐言，唐毕相諴家本寒微。其舅为太湖县伍伯，【原注】伍伯即今号杂职行杖者。相国耻之，俾罢此役，为除一宫。累遣致意，竟不承命。特除选人杨载宰此邑，参辞日，于私第延坐，与语期为落籍，津送入京。杨令到任，具达台旨。伍伯曰，某下贱，岂有外甥为宰相邪？杨令坚勉之，乃曰，某每岁公税享六十缗事例钱，【原注】盖如今之工食。苟无败阙，终身优渥，不审相公欲为致何官职？杨令具以闻，相国叹赏，亦然其说，竟不夺其志也。夫以伍伯之役而岁六十缗，宜乎台皂之微皆知自重。乃信汉书言，赵广汉奏请令长安游徼狱吏秩百石，其后百石吏皆差自重，不敢枉法，妄系留人。诚清吏之本务。谓贪浇之积习不可反而廉静者，真不知治体之言矣。助饷人主之道，在乎不利群臣百姓之有。夫能不利群臣百姓之有，然后群臣百姓亦不利君之有，而府库之财可长保矣。旧唐书柳浑传，浑为宰相，奏故尚书左丞田季羔公忠正直，先朝名臣，其祖父皆以孝行旌表门闾，京城隋朝旧第，季羔一家而已。今被堂侄伯强进状，请货宅，召市人马，以讨吐蕃。一开此门，恐滋不逞。讨贼自有国计，岂资侥幸之徒，且毁弃义门，亏损风教。望少责罚，亦可惩劝。上可其奏。夫以德宗好货之主而犹能听宰相之言，不受伯强之献，后之人君可以思矣。王明清记高宗建炎二年，有湖州民王永从献钱五十万缗，上以国用稍集，却之，仍诏，今后富民不许陈献。嗟夫，此宋之所以复存于南渡也与？汉武尊卜式以风天下，犹是劝之以爵。今乃怵之以威，戚畹之家常惴惴不自保，而署其门曰，此房实卖，都城之中十室而五，其不祥孰甚焉。南唐书言后主之世，以铁钱六权铜钱四。而行至其末年，铜钱一直铁钱十。比国亡，诸郡所积铜钱六十七万缗。Alas!此所谓府库财非其财者矣。贼犯京师，史公可法为南京兵部尚书，军饷告绌，乃传檄募富人出财助国。其略曰，亲郊乃雍容之事，唐宗尚有崇韬。出塞本徼幸之图，汉武尚逢卜式。桐城诸生姚士晋之辞也。然百姓终莫肯输财佐县官，而神京沦丧，殆于孟子所谓委而去之者，虽多财奚益哉！洪武十五年七月，堂邑民有掘得黄金者，有司以进于朝。上曰，民得金，而朕有之，甚无谓也。命归之民。 【原注】实录。天启初，辽事告急，有议及捐助者。朝论以为教猱升木。而六年十二月，兵部主事詹以晋疏请灵鹫废寺所存田亩变价助工。奉旨，詹以晋垂涎贱价，规夺寺业，可削籍为民，仍令自行修理寺宇，田有变佃为民业者，责令赎还本寺，以为言利锱铢之戒。以权奄之世，而下有此论，上有此旨，亦三代直道之犹存矣。馆舍读孙樵书褒城驿壁，乃知其有沼、有鱼、有舟。读杜子美秦州杂诗，又知其驿之有池、有林，有竹。今之驿舍殆于隶人之垣矣。予见天下州之为唐旧治者，其城郭必皆宽广，街道必皆正直，廨舍之为唐旧创者，其基址必皆宏敞。宋以下所置，时弥近者，制弥陋。此又樵记中所谓州县皆驿，而人情之苟且十百于前代矣。今日所以百事皆废者，正缘国家取州县之财，纤毫尽归之于上，而吏与民交困，遂无以为修举之资。延陵季子游于晋，曰，吾入其都，新室恶而故室美，新墙卑而故墙高，吾是以知其民力之屈也。 【原注】说苑。又不独人情之苟且也。汉制，官寺乡亭漏败，墙垣阤坏不治者，不胜任，先自劾。古人所以百废具举者以此。街道古之王者，于国中之道路，则有条狼氏涤除道上之狼扈而使之洁清。于郊外之道路，则有野庐氏达之四畿，合方氏达之天下，使之津梁相凑，不得陷绝。而又有遂师以巡其道修，候人以掌其方之道治。至于司险掌九州之图，以周知其山林川泽之阻，而达其道路。则舟车所至，人力所通，无不荡荡平平者矣。晋文之霸也亦曰，司空以时平易道路。而道路若塞，川无舟梁，单子以卜陈灵之亡。自天街不正，王路倾危，涂潦遍于郊关，污秽钟于辇毂。诗曰，周道如砥，其直如矢。君子所履，小人所视，眷言顾之，澘焉出涕。其斯之谓与？说苑，楚庄王伐陈，舍于有萧氏。谓路室之人曰，巷其不善乎，何沟之不浚也？以庄王之霸而留意于一巷之沟，此以知其勤民也。后唐明宗长兴元年正月，宗正少卿李延祚奏清止绝车牛，不许于天津桥来往。明制，两京有街道官，车牛不许入城。官树周礼野庐氏，比国郊及野之道路、宿息、井、树。国语，单襄公述周制以告王曰，列树以表道，立鄙食以守路。释名曰，古者列树以表道，道有夹沟以通水潦。古人于官道之旁必皆种树，以记里至，以荫行旅。是以南土之棠，召伯所茇。道周之杜，君子来游。固已宣美风谣，流恩后嗣。子路治蒲，树木甚茂。子产相郑，桃李垂街。下至隋唐之代，而官槐官柳亦多见之诗篇，犹是人存政举之效。近代政废法驰，任人斫伐，周道如砥，若彼濯濯，而官无勿翦之思，民鲜侯旬之芘矣。续汉百官志，将作大匠掌修作宗庙、路寝、宫室、陵园土木之功，并树桐梓之类，列于道侧。是昔人固有专职。 【原注】三辅黄图，长安御沟谓之杨沟，谓植高杨于其上也。后周书韦孝宽传，为雍州刺史。先是，路侧一里置一土堠，经雨颓毁，每须修之。自孝宽临州，乃勒部内当堠处植槐树代之，既免修复，行旅又得芘荫。周文帝后问知之，曰，岂得一州独尔，当令天下同之。于是令诸州夹道一里种一树，十里种三树，百里种五树焉。 【原注】唐王维诗云，槐柳阴阴到潼关。册府元龟，唐玄宗开元二十八年正月，于两京路及城中苑内种果树。 【原注】郑审有奉使巡简两京路种果树事毕入奏诗。代宗永泰二年正月，种城内六街树。 【原注】中朝故事曰，天街两畔槐木，俗号为槐衙，曲江池畔多柳，亦号为柳衙，以其成行排立也。韦应物诗云，垂杨十二衢，隐映金张室。旧唐书吴凑传，官街树缺，所司植榆以补之。凑曰，榆非九衢之玩，命易之以槐。及槐阴成，而凑卒，人指树而怀之。周礼朝士注曰，槐之言怀也，怀来人于此。 【原注】淮南子注同。然则今日之官其无可怀之政也久矣。桥梁唐六典，凡天下造舟之梁四，【原注】河则蒲津、太阳、河阳，洛则孝义。石柱之梁四，【原注】洛则天津、永济、中桥，灞则灞桥。木柱之梁三，【原注】皆渭水，便桥、中渭桥、东渭桥。巨梁十有一，皆国工修之，【原注】此举京都之冲要。其余皆所管州县随时营葺。其大津无梁，皆给船人，量其大小难易以定其差等。今畿甸荒芜，桥梁废坏，雄莫之间，秋水时至，年年陷绝，曳轮招舟，无赖之徒籍以为利。潞河渡子勒索客钱，至烦章劾。司空不修，长吏不问，亦已久矣。 【原注】成化八年九月丙申，顺天府府尹李裕言，本府津渡之处