Chapter 12 volume eleven

Wang Shixing Guangzhi Yi said: "There are taxes in the world, there are those who have fertile land and are not far away, but they are taxed or even suspended."At the beginning of the country, the system of painting was not determined, but after that, I dare not discuss it.For example, Zhending governs five prefectures and twenty-seven counties, and Suzhou governs one prefecture and seven counties. Regardless of the jurisdiction, that is, the number of Guanglun, Zhending is already the fifth of Su. It is fixed at one hundred and six thousand stones.However, it is also different from the north to the south.If the north is the same, the river is prosperous, there are two prefectures and sixteen counties.The poor and widowed in Dengzhou have seven counties in one state.It's almost as if they are far away, but the grain in Hejian is only 61,000.Dengzhou is 236,000.However, it is also different from Zhili Shandong.If they are in the same province, the Yin and Shu of the two prefectures and fourteen counties of Hanzhong are easy to know from the rush and fatigue of the two prefectures and three counties of Lintao.The grain in Hanzhong is only 30,000, and that in Lintao is 44,000.However, there are still different ways.If you are in the same way, Shunqing is not bigger than Baoning, and it governs two states and eight counties.And Shunqing's grain is 75,000, and Baoning's is only 20,000.However, the two counties are different.If it is in a city, it will be the same as the Southwest Chongye, and it will be ten miles away from Guo, and the fields are measured by steps, and the land is given.Twenty miles away, the fields are measured by grain, and there is no way to go.Fifty miles away, the fields are calculated by approx.There is no fixed number of official taxes, and no fixed estimate of private prices.However, the peace lasts for a long time, passed down from generation to generation, and the people are safe.I think it's not self-conscious.When the king of the husband controls the residents of the city, the soil will become a gift. How can there be any difference in size and weight?In terms of prefectures and counties under their jurisdiction, there are thirty-two in Zhending, thirty-six in Xi'an, thirty-four in Kaifeng and Pingyang, thirty-four in Jinan, thirty-one in Chengdu, and three counties in Songjiang, Zhenjiang, and Taiping.Hanyang Xinghua only two counties.The prefectures of Zhili are like the four counties of Xuzhou, Zezhou, Chen, the five counties of the prefecture, the six counties of Jiading, and the seven counties of Tongchuan, just like a prefecture.And the small ones may have no county to govern.Moreover, the system at the beginning of the country was mostly due to the old age.All the way to Pingyang, they jointly led Kyushu, occupying almost half of Shanxi.In the second year of Hongwu, there were four prefectures in Zelu, Liaoqin, Zhili and Shanxi provinces, and now there are five prefectures.If Puzhou has not been a county since ancient times, and it has been suggested repeatedly, it is all in the hands of the Ministry of Households.Guide Prefecture has always belonged to Kaifeng, and it became a branch office in the 24th year of Jiajing.The world was initially settled, and there was no time to give it. According to the disadvantages of the Yuan Dynasty, it lasted for two or three hundred years. [1] Cui Rui said that today's county is as large as thousands of miles, and it belongs to dozens of towns.It is impossible to know the number of names of the elders, so I hope it makes sense.Yiling Dajun is only four hundred miles away, and the city is a hundred miles away.Then the king of the future will judge the situation and rule.Spokesmen are bounded by prefectures and counties.Then Tutian started, and the division was flat.The priority of the world should not be to consider the difficulty of the beginning and to waste the benefits of thousands of years.

According to the records of Taizu, in March of the eighth year of Hongwu, the Pingyang government said that the two prefectures of Xiepu, which belonged to it, were far away from the government.Not allowed.In the fourth year of the Apocalypse, Li Rixuan of Shanxi was inspected, and two prefectures and ten counties were requested to divide the Hezhong Prefecture and govern Yuncheng.It is used to transport envoys and magistrates, transport Tong and Qing army, transport deputy to manage food, and transport judges to handle criminals.Go down to the household department, the household department goes to Shanxi, Shanxi goes to Hedong, and Hedong goes to Pingyang Mansion. After discussing it, they can't sleep. [2] According to the twenty-four counties of Hedong County in the Han Dynasty, the twenty cities in the Later Han Dynasty, and the eighth year of Wei Zhengshi, the ten counties in the north of Hedong and Fen were divided into Pingyang County.This is the so-called desire to make a fur of a thousand pieces of gold, but to seek its skin with a fox.And Shang Luo is in Guannei, Chen Xu is in Daliang, and De Chui [3] Taboo Rites Confucius lived idle and cited poems to write majestic Catch.For Jinan, Yingbo is for Fengyang, and they have not belonged to each other since ancient times.Going to the government is farther and more difficult.So there is a place of government, and four or five of them are the priests.The more officials there are, the more disturbed the people are, and this is the reason for the job.Xizhong Changtong Chang said that there are ten acres of mulberry fields in all summers, and there are fields in the wilderness in Yuanzhou.Fan Ye's biography of cruel officials also said that the Han system, the governor guarded Kuang Yuan, and his household registration was large.Later, Han Ma Yuanzhuan said that since the address of Pingjiao, there are 36,000 households in Xiping County, and there are more than a thousand miles away from the court, [4] courts, county courts.Please divide it into two counties, Fengxi and Wanghai, Xu Zhi.Huayang Guozhi, the prefect of Bajun Danwang [5] Zibomen, a native of Taishan, sees the customs.According to the above statement, the county is four thousand from north to south, and five thousand from east to west. It belongs to the fourteenth county, and the land boundary is far away. Flee, the traces are extinct.There are criminal arrest certificates and document interrogation, which cannot be investigated from spring to winter.The constitution of the rope is not added, or the order of virtue may be met.Therefore, thieves and thieves are doing business in public, and treachery is endless.The Taishou Xingnongsang has less than four counties, and the governor's Xingbu has less than ten counties. He wants to be divided into two counties, and then Sanba.Shui Jingzhu, Shanyin County, Han Kuaiji County Government also.In Yongjianzhong, Yangxian Zhou Jia wrote a letter, saying that it was extremely difficult for the county to go to Kuaiji, and asked for a separation.So the west of Zhejiang was called Wu, and the east was Kuaiji.This is all the harm of Yuan County, which has been seen in the past.In the Northern Qi Dynasty, Helian Ziyue removed Lin Lushou, Shizong went to Jinyang, and Lu Yao was a county, so it was inconvenient to ask.Ziyue replied that the two counties of Linshui and Wu'an are far away from the county, with overlapping mountains and mountains, making it difficult to travel by car.If the east belongs to Wei County, the horizon road is close.Shizong said with a smile: "you know that it is convenient for the people, but you don't feel that you are doing harm."Ziyue replied that because of the suffering of the people, he dared not betray his heart with personal benefits.Sigh!Today's Mushou, who is not partial to personal interests, but considers the convenience of the people, I have never seen him.

Since ancient times, the system of prefectures and counties, only in Tang Dynasty.Today's examination of geography, the number of counties, Jingzhao and Henan's two prefectures each have 20.The two prefectures of Taiyuan in the middle of the river each have thirteen.Weizhou is fourteen, Guangzhou is thirteen, and Zhenzhou and Guizhou are eleven each.Although the others are large, none of them exceeds ten counties.Since the size is the same, the number is equal, the effect of equalization can't be seen in the past?The king of future generations is still advisable and a mirror.However, one or two counties among them can also be merged.In the first year of Xianzong Yuanhe, it belonged to the six states of Dongchuan.The system said: divide the frontiers and set up the capital, and share capital and management.The shape of the soil is also slightly uniform.It will be difficult to sell the cuteness, and it will be undisturbed in the defense.Therefore, Jia Sheng's proposal was based on Chu Yiliang.According to the rules of the Song family, the thorns were cut as Ying.Considering the previous matters, it is advisable to have flexibility.Although this is a momentary statement, it is also the long-term policy of the state to control the county.

In the Han Dynasty, the county system was established, and more than 10,000 households were orders.Rank Qianshi to six hundred and five.Reducing ten thousand households is the length, with a rank of five hundred stones to three hundred stones.Tang Zezhou has three classes: upper, middle and lower.The county has the upper, middle, lower, lower, and sixth grades of Gyeonggi.Each product is different.According to the Records of Taizu, in the first year of Wu, Ding County has three grades: upper, middle and lower.One hundred thousand shi of tax and food has been assigned to Shangxian County, the magistrate of the county is from the sixth rank, the county magistrate is from the seventh rank, and the master is from the eighth rank.The 60,000 stones have been assigned to Zhong County, the magistrate is the seventh rank, the county magistrate is the eighth rank, and the master is from the eighth rank.Thirty thousand stones have been lowered to Xia County, the magistrate of the county is from the seventh rank, and the prime minister is like the rank of Zhong County.In August of the sixth year of Hongwu, Renchen was divided into three classes under Tianxia.Those who have already paid 200,000 stones will be the upper mansion, ranking from the third rank.The ones with 200,000 stones are the Zhongfu, and the rank is the fourth rank.One hundred thousand stones have been lowered as the lower mansion, ranking from the fourth rank. [6] I don't know when the system will be changed.In October of the fourteenth year of Hongwu, the impeachment law was determined. The government had paid 150,000 shi for farmland, 70,000 shi for the prefecture, and more than 30,000 shi for the county.The army and horses guard the defense, the roads are used as post roads, and the frontiers rush to the important ones.Those who are less than this are Jane.Afterwards, the products are all together, but the purpose of establishing complexity and simplicity.Those who are talented adjust complex, and those who are inferior adjust simplified.In ancient times, Lie Jue only had five meanings, so he died and so on.

The Han Dynasty is called the county, the Tang Dynasty is called the state, and the state is the county.But the place where the capital is built is called the mansion.At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Jingzhao was the second prefecture of Henan.Empress Wu took Bingzhou as Taiyuan Prefecture.Xuanzong regarded Puzhou as the prefecture of Hezhong and Yizhou as the prefecture of Chengdu.Suzong took Qizhou as Fengxiang Mansion and Jingzhou as Jiangling Mansion.Dezong took Liangzhou as Xingyuan Mansion.Only Xingyuan was fortunate to be here with Dezong, and the rest are all places where the capital was established. [7] According to the biography of Tian Yue in the old Tang book, Zhu Tao called himself the king of Ji, Yue called himself the king of Wei, Wang Wujun called the king of Zhao, and asked Li Na to call himself the king of Qi.Take Youzhou as Fanyang Mansion, Weizhou as Daming Mansion, Hengzhou as Zhending Mansion, and Yunzhou as Dongping Mansion.According to Li Xilie's biography, Bianzhou was named Daliang Mansion as the name of the army.It is said that the state is called the government.In the Later Liang Dynasty, Bianzhou was used as the Kaifeng government, in the Later Tang Dynasty, Weizhou was used as the Xingtang government, and Zhenzhou was used as the Zhending government. [8] Cefu Yuan Guizai, Changxing three years, Zhongshu Shengzuo, the capital of this dynasty is Chang'an, with Jingzhao Mansion as the top.Luoyang, the current capital, please take Henan Prefecture as the top.The five mansions were formerly headed by Fengxiang Mansion.In the middle of the river, Jiangling Xingyuan in Chengdu is second.At the beginning of Zhongxing, Weibo was promoted to Xingtang Mansion, and Zhenzhou was promoted to Zhending Mansion, both of which were places of entrepreneurship and prosperity.In the Song Dynasty, most counties were promoted to mansions.Wang Mingqing waved a stag and recorded that the Emperor Taizu started his business as an envoy of the Guide Army, and promoted Song Prefecture to Guide Mansion, and later to Yingtian Mansion.Taizong ascended the throne as the king of Jin and promoted Bingzhou to Taiyuan Prefecture.Zhenzong established Shouwang as the crown prince and promoted Shouzhou as Shouchun Prefecture.Renzong promoted Jianye to Jiangning Mansion by promoting him to the crown prince.Yingzong succeeded Qizhou as a defense envoy and used Qizhou as a Xingde army.Shenzong was promoted from King Ying to the crown prince, and Ruyin was promoted to Shunchang Mansion.Zhezong was promoted from the king of Yan'an County to the crown prince, and Yanzhou was promoted to Yan'an Prefecture.Huizong ascended the throne with King Duan, and promoted Duan Prefecture to Zhaoqing Prefecture.Qinzong appointed himself the crown prince, and Dingzhou had been promoted to Zhongshan Prefecture before.Taishang promoted Tangzhou to Deqing Mansion with King Kang Zhongxing.Today, with Jianwang Jianchu, Jian'an is promoted to Jianning Mansion.In June of the first year of Xuanhe, Dong Shiduo, a citizen of Xingzhou, made a statement, claiming that Yingzongchang was the Duke of Julu County, and Sun Xie of Yuezhou, who also knew that Yingzong was the defense envoy of Yuezhou. The national army then took Xingzhou as Xinde Mansion and Yuezhou as Yueyang Army.It was October of the new year, and it was ordered to discuss the territory of Lie Shengqian's mansion.Taking Zhenzong as the King of Xiang, Xiangzhou was promoted to Xiangyang Mansion.Renzong became the Duke of Qingguo, and Qingzhou was promoted to Qingyang Mansion.Yingzong tasted as the governor of Yizhou and took Yizhou as the Qingyuan Army.Shenzong tasted as the observation envoy of Anzhou, and took Anzhou as De'an Prefecture.He also tasted as the Duke of Guangguo and took Guangzhou as the Guangshan Army.Zhe Zongchang served as the envoy of the Dongping Army Jiedu, took Yunzhou as the Dongping Mansion, tasted as Jun Guogong, and took Junzhou as the Wudang Army.Huizong became the Duke of Ningguo, and took Ningzhou as the Xingning Army.He also served as the Jiedu Envoy of the Zhenjiang Army in Pingjiang and was promoted to a government office.He also took Taizong Chang as the defense envoy of Muzhou, and promoted Muzhou to the Suichang Army.At the beginning of today's ascension to the throne, all the prefectures of Changde, Shenglong and Xingning, were all supported by Qianfan. [9] In the ninth year of the great cause of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, the imperial edict said: Boling used to be Dingzhou, and the land was located in Chongzhen.Therefore, Tao crowns Bin Feng, and Yi Gao Yao Yi.I am the governor of the gangsters, and I am in Zibang.Looking forward to the suburbs, Huai Desi stopped.Boling can be changed to Gaoyang County, and the death penalty in the territory has been pardoned, and it will be given for another year.So the old officials from Gaozu's time were called, and they were all appointed according to their talents.The previous story of Daisheng County.However, there is this special edict for the former emperor to visit the state and recall the old virtues.In the Song Dynasty, Dan Lie's empty title was given a number of favors.According to Yuzhao's new records, Huizong tried to confer the title of Suining County King, and promoted Suining Prefecture to Suining Mansion.Taste the title of Duke of Shu, and promote Shu Prefecture to Chongqing Mansion.So far, there are no counties or prefectures.But the small places, such as Chu, Zeqin, Jingyumei, etc., still use the name of the state.There is also a prefecture of Lifu, which has a unique name, and is in charge of civil affairs, just like the county Yin. [10] All the prefectures established in the Tang and Song Dynasties also had Fuguo County, but the prefectures were not close to civil affairs.At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, there were redundant officials in the province, and the state officials were also in charge.At the beginning of Hongwu, Guo County was attached to the state.Pu Shiheng said, the establishment of prefectures and prefectures in the imperial court will win the country with many heels.The most different one is that counties are unified by prefectures, while provinces and counties are included in prefectures.The governor came down to do the county magistrate's business.The so-called differences in name and reality are those that are different from those before the Song Dynasty.The counties that belong to the state carry both the name of the prefecture and the name of the state.But in fact, it doesn't matter if it's taken in the state. [11] However, when you arrive at the post, you must transfer to the government in the state, which still means to feed the sheep.The system is well-behaved, but the name and reality are confused.I secretly think that the system of the Tang Dynasty should still be maintained. If there are dozens of counties connected to cities, analyze them into two or three, and counties are governed by prefectures, and only Kyoto is called Fuyan.Wouldn't it be easy to follow by drawing one?

According to the list of hundreds of officials in the Han Dynasty, the county magistrates are all Qin officials, and they are in charge of their counties.More than 10,000 households are orders, and the rank is from a thousand stones to six hundred stones.Reducing ten thousand households is the length, with a rank of five hundred stones to three hundred stones.All have Chengwei, with a rank of four hundred to two hundred stones. [12] Song Shubaiguanzhi, one Han Zhicheng, two people in Yuda County, and one person in Xiaoxian County.It is for the chief official.Below a hundred stones, there is the rank of Dou Shi Zuo Shi, who is a young official. [13] In the reign of Emperor Wu, in the sixth year of Yuanguang, the imperial edict said that the young officials violated the ban.Ning Chengchuan said that the young official must mausoleum his chief official.A pavilion with a large rate of ten miles is long. [14] The five families of the Song Dynasty form a team, and the leader of the Wu family.What is the second Wu, what is the master.Ten ten is the li, the chief of the li.Ten li is the pavilion, and the pavilion chief is in charge.According to the chronology of the marquis since the founding of the Yuan Dynasty in the historical records, Zhang Zhang's father was the head of the pavilion in Chang'an and lost his official position.It is the pavilion chief, also known as the official.Ten pavilions and one township, the township has three elders with ranks, [15] Zhang Chang's biography notes, Shi Gu said, those who have ranks in the township are stingy husbands and the like.The stingy man swims around. [16] Song Shu also has Xiang Zuo.The three elders are in charge of education, the stingy husband hears lawsuits, collects taxes, travels around and prohibits thieves and robbers. [17] Song Shu Xiangzuo Youzhi, who is in charge of taxation, the three elders are bishops, stingy husbands are in charge of litigation, and wanderers are in charge of treachery.The county has a large area of ​​one hundred miles, and its population will decrease if it is dense, and if it is sparse, it will be empty.The same is true for Xiangting.All Qin system also.In the second year of Gaodi Ji, in February of the second year, Lingju was over 50 years old, and he was able to cultivate and command others to do good, and he was regarded as the three elders.One person from the township, one of the three elders selected from the township, is the three elders of the county.The county magistrate, Chengwei, taught by the facts, so don't be garrisoned. [18] The three elders are township officials, so the three elders of Huguan Maode wrote a letter, saying that the prince.According to Huang Ba's biography, all the postal kiosks and township officials raised chickens?This system did not begin in the Qin and Han Dynasties.From the beginning of the annexation of the princes, Guan Zhongluo and Aozi gave birth to Zhilun, so those who ruled the country were all like this. [19] Guan Zishu said, choose the wise people and make them Lijun.As for Zhou Li's underground palace, from the governor down, there are party officials and clan teachers, and Lu Xu is the elder.From the county below, there are humble masters and elders, and Lizai neighbors.Then the rule of the three Ming kings did not go beyond this.The husband is only in a village, the officials are prepared and the law is detailed, and then the governance of the world is like a net in the net, orderly and undisturbed.As for today, everything is gone, and there is no one left.Moreover, it is not enough to obey orders, and more supervisors are set up.The supervisor is not enough to be appointed, but the uncle of the shepherd is re-established.Accumulate respect and accumulation, so as to live above it, and there is no one who is assigned to the bottom.Even though there are fair, honest and hard-working officials, they still can't be governed, let alone entrusted to inhuman ones?In the post-Wei Taihe, Li Chong said in the matter that it is advisable that in ancient times, five families should establish a neighbor leader, five neighbors should have a mile leader, and five mile leaders should have a party leader.Neighborhood chiefs have one husband, village chiefs two, and party chiefs three.The complex was reconquered.Yu Ruomin.If there is no fault for three years, it will be used.Zhizhi and so on.Xiaowen followed it.The imperial edict said that the system of the township party in the neighborhood has been around for a long time.If you want to make the wind teach Yi Zhou, see each other from home to day, use the big to supervise the small, from near to far, just like using your body to make your hands work, and then do the general rule, and then calculate the average by mouth, and the lawsuit will be settled.At the beginning of the history, the legislation was often said to be inconvenient, but since it was implemented, it was more than ten times the past, so it was settled in the country.In the later Zhou Dynasty, Su Chuo made six articles. The imperial edict said that all officials in non-Zhizhou prefectures must be good people. From the position of head of the party and clan, all should be judged and selected.Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty changed his mind from the ancients, and in the fifteenth year of Kaihuang, he began to dismiss all the officials of the prefectures, counties and towns.According to the words of Tang Liu Zongyuan, after Lixu, there are county officials, after county officials, there are princes, after princes, there are Fang Bo and Lian Shuai, and after Fang Bo Lian Shuai, there are emperors.From this point of view, the rule of the world begins with Li Xu, and ends with the Son of Heaven, and that is what is burning.Therefore, from ancient times to the present, those with many small officials will prosper in the world, and those with many high officials will decline in the world. [20] A general examination of the literature shows that at the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, there were only upper, middle and lower capitals.After that, there was a Jiedu observation group to train the envoys.At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, there were only transfer envoys, and later there were officials such as appeasement and punishment.According to Dai Zongji of the Tang Dynasty, in the ninth month of the eighth year of the Great Era, in Guiwei, a man named Huan Mo from Jinzhou, with braided hair and holding a bamboo basket and reed mat, cried in Dongshi. Please offer three crosses, one word for one thing.Those who practice his words, please stop the training envoys of the various states.Those who say that they are supervisors, please dismiss the military envoys of all Taoists.The fate of rise and fall is not caused by this.

In the Han Dynasty, stingers were so humble that they were able to raise their own positions. Therefore, Yuanyan became a stingy man in Waihuang Township, and he practiced benevolence. [21] Biography of the Later Han Dynasty.And Zhu Yi, from Shu Tong Township, a coward, [22] the township official of Shu County to Da Si Nong, fell ill and died, and his son said, I am an official of Tongxiang, and the people love me, and they will bury me in Tongxiang.The descendants of future generations will taste me, not as good as the people of Tongxiang. [23] Master Gu said that tasting is called the sacrifice of steaming.When he died, his son was buried outside Xiguo, Tongxiang.The People's Communist Party set up temples for them, and the temples offer sacrifices every year to this day. [24] Hanshu follows the biography of officials.The two monarchs are all from the county.It is necessary to change the place to change the government, change the people to rule, how is it?

Before the county gates of today's generation, there are many posters saying that false accusations will be added with three grades, and the more you sue, the more you will be flogged.This old system of the pre-dynasties is also the last intention of the ancients to suspend the law like Wei.Today, people say that they appeal to the department without going through the county magistrate, which is called Yueju.No.According to the records of Taizu, in the twenty-seventh year of Hongwu, at Renwu in April, he ordered a secretary to choose senior folks who were fair and able to handle affairs, and to handle the lawsuits of his hometown.If the family marries, farms and houses fights, Li Xu will kill him.Those who are involved in serious matters begin to whiten the officials.If you don't get punished by Yao Li, but directly sue the county magistrate, this is called Yue Su. [25] In the seventh year of Xuande, in the first month of Yiyou, according to the words of Lin Shi in Shaanxi Province, in Hongwuzhong and in all the cities in the world, there are two pavilions of Shenming and Jingshan. If the people have good and evil, they will write about them as a sign of persuasion and punishment.It is common for ordinary households to marry and fight for land and land, and Li Lao is here to make a decision.There are many abandoned pavilions, good and evil are not written down, and trivial matters are not taken care of. The old people often go to their superiors, and the prison lawsuits are all because of this.In Jingtai's four-year imperial edict, Mr. Xu Li punished those who were lazy and did not take care of themselves according to the example of the people.In March of the eighth year of Tianshun, the family of the army and the people was ordered. Some of them were thieves, and those who had never changed after questioning, had the four characters of the family of thieves written in the book by the Secretary.Those who can correct their faults will be kept by Xu Li's relatives and neighbors, so as to get rid of them.This is also the legacy of the ancients who painted different clothes and clothes.Only the size of the relationship is maintained, and the details are kept to each other, and then the upper part is not disturbed and the lower part is not disturbed.From the Tang Dynasty to the Dali period, taxation and taxes were bothersome.And Liu Changqing's title Qixi Li Mingfu said, there is no king in the setting sun, and the green hills are at the county gate.The post of the county magistrate is still not invading, and the common people can settle their careers.Therefore, it can prolong the life of the country for more than a hundred years, until it reaches Xizhao, and then it will be destroyed.However, playing the piano and wearing the stars, those who have the world should deal with it.

In the first year of Hongxi, in July Bingshen, according to He Wenyuan, the supervisory censor of Sichuan, the Taizu Emperor Gao ordered the prefectures and counties in the world to set up elderly people.Litigation in the countryside also makes judgments.The bottom is good for civil affairs, and the top is good for lawsuits.Most of the people used in recent years are not their own people, or they come from servants to avoid bad subjects. The county magistrates don't care about the virtues of their years, and they always respond to them, so that they rely on the government to arrogate their prestige and wreak havoc on Lu Yan.Or when encountering an officer who comes to visit, slanders cleverly, confuses black and white, and coerces officials.Considering the states and counties of the world, there are such things, please add a ban.The Shangming affirmed the old system of Hongwu, and those who abused bandits, as well as prefects and county officials, all set all laws.Of course, the choice of Li Lao is light, and Quan also takes over. [26] Yingzong Shilu said that Zhao Yu, the magistrate of Songjiang, and Yi Minmin, if there is a lawsuit, it is judged by the fair person of the elderly, and if there is any dispute, it has been reconciled.The old people regard them as old people.At that time, he was called a good official.After the orthodoxy, Li Lao often retained Ling Cheng, and the imperial court therefore allowed him, especially killing him.It was played by Huang Shiyang, Shaoqing of Taipu Temple, in October Gengxu, the third year of Jingtai.

In the Han Dynasty, the three elders were ordered to rank and awarded with salary.And the imperial edict of Emperor Wen, so that each of them can follow his will to the Taoist people.Those who were the three elders at that time were more loyal and mature.The reason why superior people are very polite is that people know themselves well, and talents often come from among them.The three old Dong Gongs in Xincheng, covering up the King of Han, held a funeral for Emperor Yi, and thus took over the world.The three elders of Huguan, Mao, wrote a letter to clarify the injustice of the prince, and the history is brilliant, which is praised by all generations.The old people of this dynasty listened to the officials and did not do anything.Therefore, people who know a little bit of shame are not willing to do this.Those who are willing to do so are mostly treacherous people who want to rely on the power to mausoleum the common people.It is contrary to the original intention of Taizu to establish the elderly.

At the beginning of the country, the big households were the head of grain, and they were in charge of the taxation of their villages.As many as more than 100,000 stones were transported to Beijing, and they had to meet the emperor.In Hongwuzhong, officials may be appointed by talents.In the fifth year of Xuande, in the twelfth month of leap, Li An, the supervisory censor of Nanjing, and the elders of the second county of Jishui, Luling, Jiangxi, in April of the sixth year, Zhang Zheng, the supervisory censor, each said the harm of grain growth, saying that they had doubled the grain Shi, quasi-off children, monopolize the lawsuit, control the government, tired of the prohibition, but his troubles are less restful, but it is not the same as that of the grain.But the old man survives in name but dies in reality. [27] Today's prefectures and counties are either called the elders, or they are called fair, or they are called long-term, which is no different from common people in officials. Xunjian is the ancient tour. [28] In the history of the Yuan Dynasty, in the first month of the tenth year of Chengzong Dade, he was promoted to the ninth rank.It is especially important in Hongwu, and the special edict, [29] Dingmao in February of the thirteenth year of Hongwu, see the seventh volume of Yuzhi Anthology.It is also designated as the method of examination. [30] Twenty-five years leap in December Xinmao.And Zhou Dexing, the Marquis of Jiang Xia, inspected Fujian and added 40 to 50 patrol agencies. [31] April 20.Since Hongzhi, many reforms have been made, and what is left is less than half of the past.The governor will add to the patrol. [32] In the year of Chongzhen, there were governors in Baoding, Jizhou.Since Qianyuan in the Tang Dynasty, the establishment of Jiedu observation and defense envoys is similar to the accumulation of military equipment by the governors and governors of this dynasty.who?Patrolling the Jane to curb it is not yet sprouting, and the governor to rule it is already chaotic. Changshu Chen Mei said, in the rituals of Zhou, the five families are compared, and there is a comparison.The five ratios are Lu, and Lu has Xu.Four Lu is a family, and the family has teachers.The five ethnic groups are the party, and the party has justice.The five parties are the state, and the state has a governor.The five states are townships, and there are doctors in the township.In the meantime, the size is the same, the severity is the same, the outline is clear, the details are detailed, and there is nothing to add.And it needs to be from top to bottom, and there are no more than five people to rule.The meaning of easy and simple is achieved by combining the details, which is also the good law and beauty of the Zhou family.The talents of the later generations are far inferior to those of the past, but they want to use the county magistrate alone to handle the taxation of tens of thousands of household registrations.Foolishly said that the county is used to govern the township, and the township is used to govern the protection, [33] or it is called the capital.To protect and treat Jia, treat the so-called no more than five people, and double it.It is also self-detailed and self-simplified.This considers the past and the present.It is also said, how many guarantees are there in a township, how much does it matter, why?Because of dwellings, the law uses circles.Ten armors and thousands of households cannot gain or lose, why?Jicheng numbers are also used in methods. Gu Wenyuan notes that Wang Yanshou's name on the Tongbai Temple stele is said to be from all counties, which can test the method of employing people in the Han Dynasty.This is true of all the Han monuments tested today.Not only this temple, but at the time when it was built, only the ministers were ordered by the imperial court, and from Cao Cao down, there were nothing but people from this county.Therefore, it is possible to know the human feelings of one party, and to benefit and eliminate harm for it.Those who use it are out of keeping the phase.Unlike officials of later generations, more than one life is due to the Ministry of Officials.Therefore, Chen Chong, the prefect of Guanghan, became the Da Si Nong, and Emperor He asked why he was in the county?Chong Dun first thanked him and said, the minister made the meritorious service Cao Wanghuan, selected talents with simplicity and talents, the master book was outstanding, picked up what was left and made up for it, and the minister only served the imperial edict.Emperor is great joy.As for Runan Taishou Zongzi, Cao Fanpang was appointed as the meritorious officer, and Nanyang Taishou Cheng Yu was appointed as the meritorious Cao Cenzun.But Bao Xuan was the shepherd of Yuzhou, and Guo Qinzuo made mistakes and tedious actions, and acted as an official of Erqianshi.It is the official of the office of knowledge that is a job of two thousand stones, and it is still tedious for the state and pastoral generation.Today, it is better to replace it with the Son of Heaven. [34] In the second year of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, the establishment of the office was dismissed.In addition to the awarding officer, the Ministry of Officials became the assistant officer of the state and county.At that time, Liu Xuan thought to Niu Hong that in the past, only the governors were set up in the prefectures, the governors were set up in the counties, and the magistrates were set up in the counties.It is the knowledge of self-discipline, that is, the world of Qi and Wei is still the same.Song History Election Records, in the early Song Dynasty, the internal and external small positions were held, and the senior officials were given their own records.During the Xining period, he was dismissed and returned to the election department.However, it is necessary to perform duties, such as military officers along the border, guarding against rivers and burglars, re-enforcing lessons, etc., to find and establish special laws and regulations, so it cannot be completely abolished.And its change also.The law of Quanzhu was changed to lottery, and the administration of officials was badly damaged because of it. According to the biography of Jingfang, Fang Weijun prefect asked himself to get rid of people from other counties.Therefore, knowing the genus of the Han Dynasty, there is no one who does not use the people of this county.Fang's request is an exception.According to Du's Tongdian, there are Chengwei and Cao Cao in Han County, most of whom are from the county.Sanfu County also uses other counties. [35] The biography of Huang Ba supplements the history of the two hundred stone deaths of Zuo Fengyi.As Chun said, Sanfu County can appoint people from other counties, but the death history is only two hundred stones, so the so-called special ones are also.And Sui's revolutionary election, make use of people from other counties. During Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, Wei Xuantong was the servant of the Ministry of Officials, and he made a few remarks. The minister heard Fu said that the king of the Ming Dynasty respected the way of heaven, established a state and established a capital, and the queen king was a king, a prince, and a doctor.In the states of the past, and now the prefectures and counties, the land has a constant ruler, and the people have a fixed ruler.Ask for ministers and assistants, and choose heroes and sages.His ministers were ordered by the dynasty.Qin merged with the world, and the Marquis was dismissed to guard, and the Han family followed it.There are changes, the princes have to set up their own officials, and the four hundred stones have been laid down, and the Han Dynasty will set them up if they Fu Xiang is a high-ranking official.State and county governors and postal supervisors are engaged in it, and they are all appointed as Mushou.Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it has been under the Ministry of Officials.Passed by the ancestors, so far.Use a knife and a pen to measure talents, and observe according to books. The disadvantages of laws and regulations have been around for a long time.Gai Junzi focuses on following the rules and is afraid to change his work. If he has no choice, he should use his own insight and decide on outstanding opinions.Today's selection of the department is not the emperor's decree, but the modern way of power.It is really important to change what is appropriate.Why do you say that?The amount of a husband's foot is short, and the amount of Zhong Yu's utensils is rather large.What's more, the world is so big and there are so many scholars, how can it be entrusted to the hands of a few people?If the balance is like a balance, and the brightness is like a water mirror, if the power is extreme, but the light is poor, there will be too many complexes, and the turbulent loss will be wide.And if you take this position as a comparison, there are people who are not human at times, so you should be ashamed of your innocence, and you will do your best to be mediocre.If you do what you want, there is no end to it.Once the stolen goods are revealed, and Wanduan.He even chooses officials for others, chooses interests for himself, draws a pen in consideration of relatives and estrangements, and loses emotion in view of the situation.With a thick appearance and a deep heart, it is as dangerous as a ravine, and you are still afraid of not being careful when you choose your words and actions.The great sage of Tianzuo is better than a house.I think that there is a way to be ashamed and humble, and there is no time to be lazy.All kinds of colors flow into the stream, and the age is thousands of years old.The ranks of the group divisions will not increase again.Officials have regular members, but there is no limit to people.At the beginning of the anthology, fog accumulates in clouds.At the end of the promotion, ten will not be accepted.Zi and Mian are mixed, and jade and stone are indistinguishable.If you give up and leave, the gains and losses are half the difference.Caressing is the harm of things, and the benefit of knowing and losing.Before Xia Yin, there were many systems, and the second generation of Zhou Jian was very impressive.The ministers of the princes are not all ordered by the emperor.The imperial concubine is not specialized in one job.Therefore, King Mu regarded Bo Jiong as his servant, and he ordered him to be careful and simple, and he was a bureaucrat. If he could not use clever words to make people look good, he would flatter him, and he was only a good man.This makes him choose the writing of his officials.The eunuch is right in the ear of the doctor, and if he is still appointed by the bureaucrats, then the three princes and nine ministers are inevitable.Zhou Li, Dazai's internal history, and Zhang Juelu were abolished.Situ Sima, don't take charge of Xingxian's imperial edict.It should be divided into group divisions, and unified by several positions.Each seeks the small one, but the king orders the big one.Husband entrusts responsibility, and the king's body is also.Those who are entrusted are right, and those who are used are fine.Pei Ziye said that the difficulties of officials and people are as good as what the previous kings said.The family regards him as a filial friend, and the township party respects his integrity.Go in and out to see his aspirations, worry and joy take his wisdom.Worry about things to see what they can do.To benefit from it, to check its honesty.The rituals of the Zhou Dynasty began in the school, and the six things were reported in the state where the taboos were discussed, and then the royal court of Hougong was still the same in the Han family.The prefectures and counties accumulated their functions, and then they were established by the five prefectures.The five mansions raised their affiliations, and they were promoted to the court, and the three public counselors were removed from the office, and the ministers played the son of heaven.The body of one person is concerned with many people, and the progress of one person is also detailed.Therefore, the official wins his person, and there are few failures.The Wei and Jin Dynasties are the opposite, and they have lost a lot.According to Ziye, the mere Song Dynasty ears are still invincible, but what about today?The minister secretly saw the book making, and every time he ordered the third rank and the fifth rank to recommend scholars, down to the ninth rank, he also ordered the candidates.The meaning of this pilgrimage is to ask beside the side table.However, the praise and derogation are not clear, Mo Shen's cites, and only the virtuous know the virtuous, and the sages talk about it.If you abuse yourself, how can you know people?Today, if you want to achieve real talents, it is appropriate to choose the master.The source is clean when the flow is clear, and the shadow end is positive.It is not a last resort to raise the master's ability without detail, but to blame the people for their mediocrity.Han Shuyun, Zhang Er and Chen Yu's guests and servants are all heroes in the world.He is so humble, he can still be like this, let alone the sageness of the gods and emperors, the virtues of the country, instead of building a long-term strategy, it is the foundation of infinity. Pay attention to the affairs of the Zhou and Sui Dynasties.The minister confuses it.Fu Yuan returned to the Holy Concern for a while, picked up the words from time to time, and slightly followed the rules of the Zhou and Han Dynasties to divide the selection of officials.That is to say, what is used is precise and detailed, and there are few mistakes.I can't accept it. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, Zhang Jiuling collected relics for Zuo.In the above words, the Minister of the Ministry of Officials and Ministers, the Minister of the Ministry of Officials, is also the one who is taught by virtue.Although you know the difficulties of people, can't you get five out of ten?Today, the glue is based on the rules, and the positions are assigned according to the qualifications. There is no reality of winning talents.If the county magistrate of the governor must win his person, the one who is elected at the age of Guannei can only be selected by the examination, and can enter the first-class rank, and then sent to Taiwan for another selection.In terms of the amount used, it is the most important in the state and county palaces, and the prefectures and counties are carefully selected, but there are many officials.Because of its success, the Ministry of Officials is not as complicated as it is today. [36] According to the biography of Liu Hun, Dezong tasted relatives to choose officials, and Zaijiyi was effective.Call the prime minister and say, congratulate the emperor on his success.Hun alone does not congratulate, saying that this is the special post of Jingzhao Yin, your majesty should choose ministers to assist the saints, ministers are elected Jingzhao Yin Cheng Dahua, Yin should ask the elders to listen to details.It is not suitable for His Majesty to choose orders on behalf of Yin.Naturally. According to the general code, there are eight ministers in Jin Dynasty who are all ministers, with a rank of two hundred stones, and the left and right ministers, who always know the affairs of Dutai.Song and Qi eight people, Liang five people, so-called Wudu Lingshi.The old servants are often light, [37] the official records of the later Han Dynasty, the Shangshu Lingshi eighteen people, two hundred stones.However, according to Liang Ji's biography, Liu Chang, a student of Guiyang, was a famous Confucian in the world, and he was called to make up the history to humiliate him, so he knew that this post was not the work of a scholar.Emperor Wu issued an imperial edict saying that the five capitals of the Shangshu were appointed to participate in politics, not only as the prime minister, but also as the second prime minister.Although you are looking for talents, you can't use the talents to make the best of your time.It is because the capital ordered the history to serve as an invitation to the court.It's so important.The so-called all-historical person is still a job of two hundred stones, and he uses scholars to do it occasionally.However, Lu Huixiao in the Southern Qi Dynasty was the Minister of the Ministry of Officials, and the Ministry of Officials was the governor.Hui Xiao let herself go alone, and never talked to her.The emperor sent people to speak Huixiao and said, so that the history is familiar with the past, so we can share their memories.Hui Xiao said, in his sixty years, he was no longer able to consult with the governor of the capital, and he was also a minister of the Ministry of officials.Therefore, those who were in the Ministry of Officials on that day, Duoke promoted the position of employing people.Since the Sui Dynasty, the appointment of Ling Shi, the copywriting is bothersome, and gradually becomes humble and redundant, and he does not participate in hundreds of officials. [38] Jinshi, the eighth year of Huangtong, used Jinshi as the history of the provincial order.It's the second year of Zhenglong.In the reign of Emperor Shizong, in February of the second year of Dading, Jiayin resumed his Jinshi as the Minister of Provincial Orders.In the 23rd year, on the day of Wuwu in the leap month, the minister said, "Women who are directly promoted can be promoted according to Han'er, and make up the history of the provincial order."Husbands and Confucians behave cleanly, and they cannot be indecent.Those who were born as officials have been officials since childhood, and they are accustomed to being greedy for ink. As for officials, their nature cannot be changed.The rise and fall of politics is actually due to this.Zhang Zongji, Xuchen in May of the second year of Mingchang, ordered Yushi Tailing Shi and filled it with finalists.Li Wanchuan said that he was the Minister of Provincial Orders and History, and that Zhenglong used miscellaneous currents.At the beginning of Dading, Zhang Hao, the master of the ether, invited him, and he began to take Jinshi.The world thinks it is.Today, I am begging for the descendants of the third-rank officials, and the final candidates, to appoint Taiwan officials to use them, and to accept their words.The election aspirations, the end of the Jin Dynasty, the subjects were prosperous, the guards of the palaces, and the translation of history and history by the provincial and Taiwan departments, general affairs and official advancement were all listed in the regular class.Si is nothing since the Tang and Song Dynasties.Isn't it based on the Han law based on the current situation?In order to order the historian to move the assassin, Wei Ziping, Meng Hao, Liang Su, Zhang Wangong, sticking and cutting Gantler, Dong Shizhong, Wang Wei, Ma Huidi, Ma Mou, Yang Botong, Jia Xuan, Sun Duo, Sun, and Kang Jia Yiqian are all passed down.As for the present life, the product is humble and the power is heavy.The eight-handed edict king is not an official but an official. In the old Tang books, Xu Ziru lived in the selected department, and he didn't take Zaojian as his intention, but he ordered the history to go straight. [39] The old and new books were written together.The sound of the sentence is hooked, which was written by the people of Song Dynasty, and it is now recorded in Yuangui Zhengzhi of Fuyuan.It is his confidant, and every time an official writes more orders, Ziru is lying on his back, and his language is straight and smooth, so it is out of order to pass on the truth.Sigh!Weiruo today regards Gouzhi as the official and equal marriage as the order. The power of Xu Shi is so heavy that it cannot be removed day by day, and he will allow the disadvantages of the law to make it happen.If you are open and honest, you will be a minister, and if you are succinct and broad-minded to manage common affairs, then the grammar will be saved and Dou Qing will be eliminated, and the talents will be mediocre and the foxes will retreat. The emperor relies on the people who run the world, and the officials are also.Therefore, it is said that the minister is my thigh, arm, ear, and eye.It is also said that Tiangong replaces it.Today, seizing the power of a hundred officials and returning everything to the officials and servants is the so-called name of the hundred officials, and the officials who handle the country are just officials and servants.Guo Kuizhi told King Yanzhao that the country was subjugated and served.Huh, it's scary!Qin died as an official of swords and pens, and this is a clear test of what has happened. In the Tang Dynasty, Zheng Yuqing was the prime minister, with Hua Huan as the chief secretary, and a long-time secretary of the middle school, and Liu Guangqi, the privy official and privy secretary, relied on each other as an adulterer.Every prime minister discusses matters, and if there are similarities and differences with Guangqi, Ling Huan will definitely win.Books and coins from all over the world are filled with goods.The younger brother swims to the governor.And Yu Qing re-entered Zhongshu, and discussed with his colleagues. Huan accused Chen Shifei, and Yu Qing angrily reprimanded him.After a while, I will be a guest of the prince.In August of that year, Huan's dirty hair was given to death.Emperor Xianzong heard that Yu Qing scolded Huan, which was very serious.After a long time, he paid homage to Shangshu Zuo Pushe. [40] Biography of Tang Shu.Wei Chuhou is the prime minister, and the one who has Tangzhu is Zhongshu Xiaoxu, who is in charge of the so-called Kongmufang.When the prime minister meets and takes a vacation, if there is an internal complaint, he will call the baht to Yanyingmen to pay it, and send it to the prime minister Yin.Yao is a little self-assertive and accepts bribes.Be evil.It is said that this is half-pretending to be slippery, but it is based on facts. [41] Cefu Yuangui.As a minister, if the husband has the worry of being willing to come, and the disease of fleeing, then the gentleman of today is ashamed of many Tang sages. Xie Zhaozhe said that officials and officials have never been more secretive than those in this dynasty.From Zaifu to patrolling post warehouses, they all paid off with empty words.But the Beijing officials are fine, but the foreign officials are very mean.Most officials don't pay attention to political affairs, and pay everything to Xu Cao, and what Xu Cao pursues is just the old documents of the past, the established rules over the years, and they dare not go beyond them in the slightest.And the people above, since they are responsible for the below, the people below have to respond with stories.If there is a refusal, Xu Cao will take advantage of the gap and bring him to justice.Therefore, the officials of the counties and counties are exhausted at night, but the days are not enough, and those who are weak in the administration of officials are the ones who take this position. It is also said that the legislation of the country is too strict, such as the officials of the Ministry of Households, who do not allow Su Song and Zhejiang people to do it, because their land is taxed more, and they are afraid of flying and treachery.However, there are many disadvantages, all of them are officials and servants, and the officials of the court do not move often. How do you know it?Today, in the thirteen divisions of the Ministry of Household Affairs, the subordinate officials are all from Shaoxing, and it can be said that they are the ones who can't see the eyelashes. The rule of law and prohibition is what the king does not abolish, not why it is ruled.Its essence is to correct people's hearts and respect customs.Therefore, it is said to live in respect and practice simplicity, so as to be close to its people.Zhou Gong made a book on the establishment of government, saying, "Wen Wang Wang You is also a common man, a common man, a common prison, and a wise man."It is also said that the concubine, the concubine, and the king of Shenwen dare not know it.It can be said that the meaning of Ding Ning's descendants is perfect.In the rule of Taishihuang, all affairs of the world, no matter how big or small, all depend on the above.As far as weighing books by weighing stones, there are reports day and night, and if you don't get the results, you can't rest, and Qin died.Tai Shigong said that in the past, the world's nets were secret, but treachery and hypocrisy sprouted, and their extremes also fled from each other up and down, until they became depressed.However, there are so many laws and prohibitions that it is a tool for death, and the king of foolishness and darkness still thinks that he has not yet arrived.Du Zimei said in a beautiful poem that Shun held up sixteen phases, how high was his dignity and morality.Qin was in charge of Shang Yang at that time, and his laws and regulations were like a cow's hair.又曰，君看灯烛张，转使飞蛾密。其切中近朝之事乎！汉文帝诏置三老，孝弟力田常员，令各率其意以道民焉。夫三老之卑，而使之得率其意，此文景之治，所以至于移风易俗，黎民醇厚而上拟于成康之盛也。 诸葛孔明开诚心布公道，而上下之交，人无间言，以蕞尔之蜀，犹得小康。魏操吴权，任法术以御其臣，而篡逆相仍，略无宁岁。天下之事固非法之所能防也。 叔向与子产书曰，国将亡，必多制。夫法制繁，则巧猾之徒，皆得以法为市。而虽有贤者，不能自用，此国事之所以日非也。善乎杜元凯之解左氏也，曰，法行则人从法，法败则法从人。[42]宣公十二年传解。 前人立法之初，不能详究事势，豫为变通之地。后人承其已弊，拘于旧章，不能更革，而复立一法以救之。于是法愈繁而弊愈多。天下之事，日至于丛脞。其究也眊而不行。[43]语出汉书董仲舒传。师古曰，眊不明也。上下相蒙，以为无失祖制而已。此莫甚于有明之世，如勾军行钞二事，立法以救法，而终不善者也。 宋叶适言，国家因唐五代之弊，收敛藩镇之权，尽归于上，一兵之籍，一财之源，一地之守，皆人主自为之也。欲专大利，而无受其大害，遂废人而用法，废官而用吏。禁防纤悉，特与古异，而威柄最为不分。虽然，岂有是哉！故人才衰乏，外削中弱，以天下之大而畏人，是一代之法度，又有以使之矣。又曰，今内外上下，一事之小，一罪之微，皆先有法以待之。极一世之人，志虑之所周浃，忽得一智，自以为甚奇，而法固已备之矣。是法之密也。然而人之才不获尽，人之志不获伸，昏然俛首，一听于法度，而事功日隳，风俗日坏，贫民愈无告，奸人愈得志。此上下之所同患，而臣不敢诬也。又曰，万里之远，嚬呻动息，上皆知之。虽然，无所寄任，天下泛泛焉而已。百年之忧，一朝之患，皆上所独当，而群臣不与也。夫万里之远，皆上所制命，则上诚利矣。百年之忧，一朝之患，皆上所独当，而其害如之何？此夷狄所以凭陵而莫御，雠耻所以最甚而莫报也。 陈亮上孝宗书曰，五代之际，兵财之柄，倒持于下，艺祖皇帝束之于上，以定祸乱。后世不原其意，束之不已，故郡县空虚，而本末俱弱。 洪武六年，九月丁未，命有司庶务，更月报为季报，以季报之数，类为岁报。凡府州县轻重狱囚，即依律断决，不须转发。果有违枉，从御史按察司纠劾。令出，天下便之。 光武中兴，海内人民，可得而数。裁十二三，鄣塞破坏，亭燧绝灭。或空置太守令长，招还流民。帝笑曰，今边无人，而设长吏治之，如春秋素王矣。以故省并郡国及官僚，屡见于史，而总之曰，兵革既息，天下少事，文书调役，务从简寡，至乃十存一焉。以此知省官之故，缘于少事。今也文书日以繁，狱讼日以多，而为之上者，主于裁省，则天下之事，必将丛脞而不胜。不胜之极，必复增官，而事不可为矣。 晋荀勖之论，以为省官不如省事。省事不如清心。昔萧曹相汉，载其清静，民以宁一，所谓清心也。抑浮说，简文案，略细苛，宥小失，有好变常以徼利者，必行其诛，所谓省事也。此探本之言，为治者识此，可无纷纷于职官多寡之间矣。