Chapter 5 volume four

The Spring and Autumn Period did not begin with Yin Gong, Jin and Han Xuanzi hired Lu, and read books from Taishi.Seeing Yi Xiang and Lu Chunqiu, he said that all the rites of Zhou belonged to Lu.I now know the virtues of Zhou Gong and the reason why Zhou is king. [1] Zuo Chuan Zhao Gong two years.The cover must start from the seal of Boqin, so as to be in the middle ages.At the height of the Zhou Dynasty, all pilgrimages and conquests took place, so it was called Zhouli.The one who made it is also the good history of the ancients. [2] Although Mencius said that poetry died and then was written in the Spring and Autumn Period, there is no record of the three hundred and fifty years from Yingboqin to Xiaogong.Since Yin Gong, the morals of the world have declined, and history has lost its official position, so Confucius feared and practiced it.There has been no change in the writings above since Duke Hui.The so-called narrative is not the author.From Yingong down, Confucius cultivated it with his own will, which is called the Spring and Autumn Period.However, from the spring and Autumn period above Duke Hui, those who adhere to what the master is good at and follow.It's a pity that his books don't exist!

Confucius said, I am still as good as Shi Quewen.The sages of the history of Quewen dare not benefit.In the seventeenth year of Duke Huan of the Spring and Autumn Period, on the first day of October in the winter, there was an eclipse every day.It is said that if you don't write the sun, the official will lose it.In the fifteenth year of Duke Xi, in the fifth month of summer, there was an eclipse.It is said that if you don't write about the new moon and the sun, you will lose the official.With the wisdom of a sage, the thousand-year-old day can be reached, so it is difficult to study the calendar and calculate it to make up for it?But the master dare not.What's more, because of the mistakes in history and literature, there is no way to correct them?What's more, the rumors about the affairs of other countries are not published in the historians?Zuo's book was written by not one person, and not one person recorded it, it can be said that he is rich, but the master may not have seen it at that time.If the history is not written, even the saints don't know it.And the history of the Lu State in the Spring and Autumn Period, even if you must learn about its politics after being hired, can the treasure books of the hundred and twenty countries be added to the notes of the country? [3] In the thirteenth year of Chenggong, the princes of the guild defeated Qin Xiayi and said that the scriptures were written according to the official policy of the historian.There is no reason for the scriptures in the policy book to be absent.Chuanwen is collected from bamboo slips, and bamboo slips existed first, so Chuanwen survives alone.If it is the re-burial of Duke Hui who is not written, there will be nothing in the old history.Dr. Cao, Dr. Song, Sima Sicheng, who is not well-known, is also Que. [4] Qi Cui's family went to Wei, and went to the Ershu clan.In the Song Dynasty, Qi Dafushan was killed, and he left his family to write characters, which is suspected to be a lack of pre-history.Zheng Bokun's obstinate son of Chu, Mi Qihou Yangsheng, actually murdered and died in writing, and there are many short and simple books in the rumors, so he followed the old history. [5] Shao said, if you go to die, you will die, and if you go to kill, you will kill.Killed and went to die, and his murder was also rumored.There are so many rumors that there are many short books, so the book is waiting for investigation.Compared with doubting prison.After the Zuo family came out of Huolin, they collected a lot of money, which my master had never seen.Later Confucians seem to say that this book already existed, and the master wrote it down based on it.That is to say, Zuo's interpretation of the scriptures is often based on those who disagree.And the theory of the life of the scriptures is taboo on what the sages don't know.Therefore, there are more and more new theories, but they are not fixed.Therefore, today's people learn the words of the Spring and Autumn Period, all of which are taught by Ying Shuyan, and the master can't predict it.Is it not cloudy?If you hear a lot of doubts, be cautious about the rest.Why don't you tell Zi Zhang?The method of repairing spring and autumn is nothing more than this.

The Spring and Autumn Period was also cultivated because of the history of Lu.Zuo's biography of the history of various countries is also the author.Therefore, the book Jin Shi is from Princess Wen Xia Meng, and the political exchanges are in China, so the history of other countries is used to refer to it.And one from Zhou Zheng.Before Duke Hui, Xia Zheng was used occasionally.It is not understood by one person.It is said that Zhongzi Zhongzi was the son's family before he died, and that King Ping collapsed and went to Yigengxu. [6] First Renxu Twelve Days.Chenhou Bao died to go again, and it seems that they all speculated about it.

The name of Sanzheng can be seen in Gan's oath.Su believed that since before Shun, there must have been those who regarded Jianzi and Jianhou as righteous.It's coming.Wei Zi's order is to inherit the ancestors and repair their gifts.Then you know? Xia Zheng was used, and Yin Zheng was used in Song Dynasty.If the pilgrimage is the same, use the Zhengshuo of the Zhou Dynasty.In his own country, he used the Zhengshuo of his predecessor.Only Jin is the country with the surname of Ji, but it is inexplicable to use Xia Zheng. [7] The reason why the three positives are different is that the divisions of ancient countries have their own differences.Jin's use of Yin also inherited the old codes of the Tang people?The first day of the month when Shun Dian is in harmony, that is, the time and month when the time is uneven.Du Yu's preface to the Spring and Autumn Period said that people from Zhongji County, Taikang, Jin Dynasty, found old tombs in their boundaries and obtained ancient books, all of which were compiled in Kedou characters.It is recorded that the state of Jin started from Wenhou Zhaohou, who was the second uncle of Shang, to Zhuangbo Quwo.The eleventh month of Zhuang Bo's eleventh year and the first month of the first year of Duke Yin of Lu's reign both use Xia Zheng.The month of Jianyin is the chronicle of the beginning of the year.In the current examination of the Spring and Autumn Period, in the fifth year of Duke Xi, the Marquis of Jin killed his son Shen Sheng.According to the book spring, it was passed on in December of the previous year.In ten years, Rick killed his king Zhuo, and the first month of the scriptures was passed down in November of the previous year.In the eleventh year, Jin killed his doctor? Father Zheng, and it was passed down in the winter of the previous year through the spring of the book.In the fifteenth year, the Marquis of Jin and Bo Qin fought in Han and won the Marquis of Jin.The texts of the scriptures are either from Xia Zheng or from Zhou Zheng, so they are wrong and mutual. [8] Luo Mi thought that according to the history of Jin Dynasty, the classics are based on the Zhou calendar.It is exactly the same as the mistake of the five stars gathering in Dongjing in the winter and October of the first year of the Han Dynasty in the Shiji, which is the mistake of the autumn and July.In December of the fifth year of Duke Xi, Bingzishuo, Duke Guo went to the capital, but Bu Yan thought to Duke Xian that September and October would be the turn of events.In the 30th year of Duke Xiang, the old man of Jiangxian Yanchen was born, Jiazishuo in the first month.Based on the long calendar, it is Jiazi Shuo in March of the eleventh year of Duke Wen of Lu.This is also the person in Jin who used Xia Zhengzhi to see it in the biography.

In the winter of the twenty-fourth year of Duke Xi, Marquis Yiwu of Jin died.Du's note, Wen Gong positioned it and then reported it.The husband did not tell Wen Gong's entry, [9] it was said that Qin Bonazhi.No book, no report.It is not humane to tell Huigong that what happened in the previous year is the event of this year, and the day when the new king enters the country is the year when the old king came to the world.It is suspected that this sutra is a wrong slip, it should be in the winter of twenty-three years.It is said that Duke Hui of Jin died in September.The winter of the ninth month of the Jin Dynasty and the week of the Jin Dynasty. [10] Duke Huai sent someone to sue.

In the winter of the sixth year of Duke Yin, the people of Song took Changge.Biography for autumn.Liu Yuan's father said, Zuo's sun and moon are different from the scriptures, and Qiu Ming's books are mixed with the essays of the princes and historians at that time.Its use of the three positives varies, and it is often confused.Therefore, the scriptures say that winter is also called autumn.Examining the use of Yinzheng in the Song Dynasty, the month and week of Jianyou are regarded as winter, and the Song Dynasty is regarded as autumn. In the summer of the seventh year of Duke Huan, Gu Bosui came to court.Deng Houwu left and came to court.Biography for spring.Liu Yuan's father said, the legend is based on Xia Zhengji.

In the tenth year of Duke Wen's reign, Duke Qi's businessman killed his king's house.After in September, it is said to be July. In summer and April of the third year of Yin Gong, Zheng Jizu Shuaishi took Wen Zhimai, and in autumn he took Zhou Zhihe.If you think Zhou Zheng, then the wheat and grain are not yet ripe.In the autumn of the fourth year, the divisions of the princes defeated Zheng Tubing, took his grain and returned it.Also in September.It is Xiazheng in June, and the grass is not yet ripe.It is suspicious in the end that those who take the cloud and take it will be practiced by Gai Xun.According to the biography, there are many mistakes.Although the Zuo family issued its example in the first year of Yinzhi, saying that it was the first month of the Zhou Dynasty, the king of spring, there were some who failed to revise it.There are many things and many things, and it is inevitable for a gentleman who sticks to books.

Zuo's Chuanwen was in the first year of the year, so it was indecent in the third month of leap.On Yihaishuo in November of the twenty-seventh year of Duke Xiang, there was an eclipse every day.Chen is in Shen, and Si Li has passed.I will lose my leap again.In December of the winter of the twelfth year of Duke Ai, the katydid.Zhong Ni said, the fire is still flowing today, and it has been passed by Si Li.And Lu Li.The calendars of various countries in the Spring and Autumn Period also have their own differences.According to the special ear of Lu almanac. [11] Historical Records, Qin Xuangong enjoyed the country for twelve years, and the original intention was the leap month, which is one of the different calendars of various countries.In the eighteenth year of Duke Cheng's reign, in the first month of spring, King Jin killed his doctor, Xu Tong.Passed in the leap month of the previous year. [12] There is December.In the sixteenth year of Duke Ai, in the spring of the first month of the king's reign, Kuai Kui, the son of Wei, entered Wei.Marquis of Wei came and ran.Passed in the leap month of the previous year. [13] There is winter.All are proofs of Lu's loss of intercalation.Du thought he would sue, but he didn't.

According to historical records, in the twenty-sixth year of King Xiang of Zhou, there was a leap in March, but the Spring and Autumn Period was not the same.Then the Lu calendar is used as the weekly calendar, no.After King Ping moved to the east, Zhou Shuozhi was not awarded for a long time.Therefore, there are six calendars in the Han Dynasty Law and Calendar, the Yellow Emperor Zhuanxu, Xia Yinzhou and the Lu calendar.It is not intercalated in Zuo's words, and they are all called Lu calendar.Gai Ben Liu Xinzhi said. [14] Five Elements Chronicles, Zhou Decline, the Son of Heaven does not ban Shuo.The Lu calendar is not correct, the month cannot be placed in the intercalary, and the size of the moon cannot be measured.

The postscript of Guangchuan Book contains Jin Jiang Dingming saying, but Wang Shiyue Yihai. [15] Jigulu, Bogutu contains this tripod, and it is Wang Jiuyue.In terms of it, the sage is the Spring and Autumn Period, and at the beginning of the year he is the King of Books.The speaker said that he started with integrity.Today Jin people make a tripod and call it the tenth month of the king. This is because all the princes at that time respected the king and uprightly as their law, not only Lu.Li Mengyang said that people today often have the character of Wang Zhengyue as well as those who have won the power of Qin.From this point of view, the Spring and Autumn King Zhengyue Bilu Shiwen also.Yan Wang, so different from Xia Yin, has no other meaning.Liu Yuan's father took the word Wang as a novelty for a sage, no.Zi said that he said but did not write, he believed but loved the ancients, and he also saw it from this. [16] The Bogu map contains Zhou Zhongcheng's father's tripod inscription saying, King Wei Ji Dinghai at the beginning of May.Qihou Bo Zhongming said, King Wei is in Wuyin on Mayday.Yan Dunming said, King Wei is in October.

Zhao Boxun said, the Son of Heaven often bestows Zhengshuo on next year's winter to the princes, and the princes receive it, and every month, they will give the first moon to the temple. According to Zuo's biography, in the spring of the first year, the first month of Wang Zhou, this ancient man was good at interpreting scriptures.Later generations have identified hundreds of thousands of words, but those who have not yet clarified are passed down to a single word. If you are not the son of heaven, although you have established a son, you dare not call it righteous.Wucheng is the only month Renchen. [17] It is said that the first month of the first month of the week is like the day of the first day of the poem.If you are already the son of heaven, you should be righteous, and the king of Fujia is different from Xia Yin, and the king of Spring and Autumn is also the first month. The moon and the book in the Spring and Autumn Period have never been seen in ancient times.Kaozhishangshu, Rutai vowed to hold a meeting in Mengjin in the spring of the third year.Jin Teng, ripe in autumn, not harvested.When you speak, you don't speak the month.Yi Xun only worshiped in Yuan Dynasty, Yi Chou in the tenth month of the second month, Taijia only had the third month in the tenth month, the first month in Wucheng, Renchen in the first month, Kang Gao only lived in March, Zhaogao in March, only Bingwu, and Toshi only In March, Duofang is only May Dinghai, Gu Ming is only April, and life is only alive, and Bi Ming is only ten years and six months, Geng Wujian, and the month is not the time. [18] Zhu Wengong's answer to Lin Zezhi also said that ancient history cases are not written in time.There are many other Zhongding ancient texts like this.In the Spring and Autumn Period, when the time and the moon are combined, they regard it as the chronicle of history. Sometimes there is a moon and a day, and most of them are righteous examples, which cannot be included in the same. [19] It may be suspected that the master wrote a special pen, it is not the case.The old history is named after the Spring and Autumn Period, since it was written.And like the spring of the second year of Yin Gong, the guild was in trouble, and it was not allowed to write the spring of the second year, but not the spring of the first year.It is true that it is said that the crown of the moon comes from the master, and it is not true. In the month of Jianzi, spring is written, and people in this week call it spring.According to the biography of Chen Chong in the later Han Dynasty, Tianzheng built a son, and Zhou thought it was spring.Xiong Penglai of the Yuan Dynasty said in the Five Classics that if yang is born in the child, it is spring, and if yin is born in the afternoon, it is autumn.This is called heaven. Yang Guishan replied to Hu Kanghou's book, saying that the first paragraph of the meaning of the Spring and Autumn Period was recorded.It seems to be too disjointed.I am afraid that there was no such intention at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. [20] This version of the biography of Dong Zhongshu in the Han Dynasty, I would like to press, the Spring and Autumn Period means one yuan, one is the beginning of all things, and the Yuan is the so-called greatness.Those who say that one is the original look at the beginning and want the original.The Zhengshuo of the three generations is like a loyal and quality essay. There is no reason for the cycle, and it cannot be added or lost.The end of the Dougang connects the barracks, and the Weaver Girl's Ji refers to the sun and the moon at the beginning of the cow, so it is called the Xing Ji.The five stars start from the beginning, the sun and the moon rise from it, the time is the winter solstice, and the day is ugly.Each of the three generations was unified, and the three systems of the Ming Dynasty often combined and took the lead, and the way of surrounding the five elements is also the same.Zhou according to the rule of heaven, it is said by the time; Shang according to the rule of land, it is said by the time of day;Therefore, during the three dynasties, Xia was the only one who was upright.It is also said that the Spring and Autumn Period is based on Zhou Zheng's chronicle.Zhengshuo must come from the emperor, and correcting Shuo is afraid that the sage will not do it.If it is said that the moon is crowned by summer, it is like the winter and October of the year AD, when the falling frost kills the bean.If we talk about it in terms of summer time, the frost in October is the time, and it is not different.The tenth month of the week is the eighth month of summer. If the moon is crowned by summer, it will be the tenth month of autumn. [21] Xiong Penglai also said that according to the theory of summer, week and month, the first month and February must be written in winter, while March can be written in spring. The history of the Five Dynasties and Han Benji commented that the first year of the emperor's accession to the throne is called the first year, and it is common.Confucius did not repair the Spring and Autumn Period, but it was already like this before.Although the history of tyrants, foolish masters and mediocrities, its history can be counted in terms of time and time, which is natural. [22] Yuan Wu Lai wrote this work to change Yuan theory.It is said that one is yuan, which covers the ears of the ancients.And later scholars of Quxue began to say that the first year of Confucius's book was the Dafa of the Spring and Autumn Period, so changing the Yuan Dynasty was the most important thing.Xu Wudang commented that the ancients said that the month of the year is not the same as that of the first month.In the national language, Liu Lu is called Da Lu in Yuanjian.Zhou Yi lists six lines, called the ninth day.Most of the ancients said that there are many numbers but not one, and it is not only that the year is the yuan.Lu Bogong's lecture notes on the Spring and Autumn Annals said that the Ming Dynasty is based on Yuan Yu Dian. [23] Shuyue Zhengyuan Day.Order to sacrifice to Yuan business training also. [24] However, there are two moons in the second month of the Yuan Dynasty.The head of the year, the day and the day, it has been called Yuan Gai for a long time, how could it be that Confucius started the name when he wrote the Spring and Autumn Period?Those who talk about the Spring and Autumn Period are saying that the Spring and Autumn Period is a unit, and they almost want to look deeply at the scriptures and turn them superficial. The proof of the change of the moon in the Three Dynasties can be seen clearly in the words of Shangshu Dazhuan quoted by Bai Hutong.It said that Xia regards Meng Chunyue as its righteousness, Yin regards Jidongyue as its righteousness, and Zhou regards Zhongdong Moon as its righteousness. [25] It is the first month.In summer, the thirteenth month is the day, the color is still black, and Pingdan is the new moon.Yin regards December as the positive month, the color is still white, and the rooster crows as the new moon.Zhou regards November as the positive month, the color is still red, and midnight as the new moon.If you don't take the second month as the right one, everything will be out of order, and you won't be able to rule it, so you must use the three tiny moons.Zhou regards November as positive, that is, the first month is not named November.Yin regards December as positive, that is, the first month is not called December.In summer, the thirteenth month is regarded as the positive month, so it is called the first month but not the thirteenth month. [26] Hong Mai said, the thirteenth month, in terms of December, is the first month. Hu quoted Yi Xun Taijia's ten and two month texts, thinking that the merchants did not change the moon, which was inconsistent with Confucius' biography, and there was no clear evidence. [27] Yi Xun Weiyuan sacrificed to Yi Chou in February, and Yi Yin shrine to the former king.It is said that after Tang collapsed for more than a month, Taijia came to the throne, and the funeral was announced.In Taijia, there are only three sacrificial offerings and there are two new moons in ten.It is said that Tang Yi died in November of the first year, and he had served the palace for three years until the twenty-sixth month.It's not like December is the beginning of the year. Hu also cited the people of Qin to regard Hai as the righteousness and not change the time and moon as evidence, otherwise it is not the case.In the Hanshu Gaodi Ji, Notes on the First Moon of Spring, Master Gu said, all the names of the moons were after the official calendar in the beginning of the Taichu, and the recorders followed up and changed them, which were not the original names at that time.Taking October as the beginning of the year means that October is the first month.This true month was called April Ear at that time.He is all like that.According to the biography of the uncle and grandson, the princes and ministers went to October.Shi Gu said that in Han fashion, October was the first month, so the ceremony of facing the year was performed.Historians chase books in October. [28] In the winter and October of the first year of the Han Dynasty, five stars gather in Dongjing, which is the month of Jianshen.Liu Tun said, according to the calendar, the daily rate of the Taibai star is only once or twice, so it is unreasonable to go from the Sui star to Dongjing in October.But the five stars gathered in Dongjinger in October of the Qin Dynasty.The tenth month of the Qin Dynasty is now the seventh month, and the sun should be at the tail of the quail, so the Taibai Chen star must follow the Sui star.According to this, all the texts that record events are chased and revised, but this incident was lost in the chase, so the October of Qin is the October ear of Han.The husband mistook July for October, which is enough for the Qin people to change the moon.Hu lost it. The text of the Shangshu is only called the king, while the Spring and Autumn Period is called the king of heaven. Since Chu, Wu, Xu and Yue were all arrogated to be kings at that time, the sky is added to distinguish them.Zhao Zi said, calling the king of heaven means that there are no two respects. Zhu Yi's father is called the character, and the vassal monarch has no title to be called. If the name is written directly, it is not for the monarch of the neighboring country, so the word is used. [29] Poem Preface, Che Linmei Qin Zhongye.Confucius said, Qin Zhong used characters to match the country, and the vassals did not get the order of the nobility, and there was no posthumous title.Being inferior to the sons and entering the country of barbarians, [30] Li Li came to refer to the title of Gelu's book.And Xiao Shuchaogong [31] Du Jieshu's name, no.Same example also.The Zuo family said it was expensive, and the Gongyang said it was praiseworthy, which is not true. [32] This is also a common practice among historians. It is not the old history book Zhuke, but the master changed it to Yifu. Zhu Yi's father is also called the king of vassals.When Lili came, he came to court, and he was named.Jiege Lu came and said nothing, and went down again.When Bai Di came, he ignored his lord's name, and he went down again. In the autumn and seventh month of the first year of the Yin Dynasty, the king of heaven sent Zaigu to return the wealth of Huigong Zhongzi.Those who say Huigong Zhongzi are also Huigong's mother Zhongzi.In the winter of the ninth year of Duke Wen, the people of Qin came to return to the concubine of Duke Xi Chengfeng, who said Duke Xi Chengfeng, and the mother of Duke Xi Chengfeng. , the name of the family, and the reason for Minggui.According to Gu Liang's legend, the mother is named after the son. [34] Note that the wife is not suitable for the emperor, so the son is the surname.It is inappropriate for a wife to pass on the etiquette of the emperor.Who is Zhongzi?The mother of Duke Hui and the concubine of Duke Xiao.This makes sense.The Zuo family thought that the mother of Duke Huan, who respected her mother as a wife before Huan was established, and paid her money before she died, was far from human feelings and could not be trusted. [35] Gongyang also thought that Duke Huan's mother, Duke Hui's concubine, was a concubine to the king. Compared with the mother to the son, the righteousness was less.Therefore, Yilu had two sons, the concubine of duke Xiao had one son, and the concubine of duke Hui had another son. [36] According to the twenty-fourth year biography of Duke Ai of the Zuo family, Duke Zhou and Duke Wu married Xue, Xiaohui married Shang, and Zihuan married Qi.And Yin's wife is Zi's family, and the two rumors have different stories, so there are different stories. This is also the original text of Lu History.Gai Lu had two sons, so they had to be called Huigong Zhongzi.Those who did not talk about Huigong in the examination of Zhongzi's palace, inherited the above and omitted the words. The interpretation says, women have no outsiders.Yu Li should be the posthumous posthumous title of her husband, and belong to Ming Dynasty.For example, when Duke Wu of Zheng married Yu Shen, he was named Wu Jiang.Duke Zhuang of Wei married the younger sister of a minister in the Eastern Palace of Qi, named Zhuang Jiang, yes.A concubine is not allowed to be a gentleman, but is a son of a last resort.Zhongzi is related to Duke Hui, not Duke Xiao.Chengfeng belongs to Duke Xi but not to Duke Zhuang, and the so-called name is not right, and words are not right. The twelve wives of the Spring and Autumn Period were seen in the scriptures, Mrs. Huan Wen Jiang, Mrs. Zhuang Ai Jiang, Mrs. Xi Sheng Jiang, Mrs. Xuan Mu Jiang, and Mrs. Cheng Qi Jiang, all wrote and buried. [37] Sheng Jiang does not write and rebel does not write, and Wen Gongcheng does not write.Mrs. Wen brought out ginger and buried it without writing.Mrs. Yin's son's family, the book is not buried.Mrs. Zhao, Mencius changed his name, and said that his death would not be buried in a book, and he would not be called his wife.The concubine's mother is seen in the scriptures, Xi's mother is popular, Xuan's mother respects Ying, mourns for her mother, and Zhao's mother returns together. They are all written and buried, and they are called Mrs. Xiaojun.But I mourn that my mother Dingsi changed her name, and her death is not called Mrs. Xiaojun.Others, such as Ruoyin's mother Shengzi, Huan's mother Zhongzi, and Min's mother's uncle Jiang, are not found in the scriptures.As for Dingmu, all scriptures are missing.And the so-called Huigong Zhongzi is the mother of Huigong. In February of the second year, Yimao, Mrs. Zi's family died.According to Gu Liang's biography, the lady is the wife of Duke Yin. [38] Zuo thought it was Huanmu, and Gongyang thought it was Yinmu, but it was not.If one dies but is not buried in a book, the righteousness of the wife follows the king.In the case of the Spring and Autumn Period, when the emperor is buried, the book is written, when the mother is buried, the book is written, and when the wife is buried, there is no book.The hidden view is preserved but his wife died, so the burial cannot be written.It is not wrong to note that it is not true that the hidden murder of thieves does not ask for it, so it is not written. Chengfeng Jingying Dingsi [39] Xianggong four years.Mrs. Shu Xiaojun, the book of Qi Guizhi, why?The people of the state call it, the old history books, how can the master get it and demote it?In later generations, Qin Qian's and Han Bo's called the Empress Dowager also wrote directly, but she lost her own opinion.Dingsi [40] In the fifteenth year of Dinggong, Lu had two Dingsi.Book burial but not Mrs. Xiaojun, Ai Weijun also. [41] Liu Yuan's father said that Si was the concubine of Dinggong, the mother of Duke Ai.Ai has not become a king, so I dare not call his mother and wife.Mencius did not book burials, nor did they become funerals. The death of the Jun family is based on the example of the death of the Si family in the fifteenth year of Dinggong, and it is the case from the Zuo family.If you don't talk about Zi's family, Zi's family is not one, so the monarchs of the line are different, just like Zhong Zi's line of Duke Hui.If you are the prince of the emperor, you should give his name, not only Yan's family. [42] The second biography of Gongyang Guliang is Yin's. Perhaps there is nothing to be seen about the name of Jun's family. Zuo Chuan said that in the twenty-sixth year of Duke Xiang, Zuo Shi saw his wife's horse and asked him, and said, Mrs. Jun's family.Gai had this name at the time, but his wife would be the Jun family. [43] In the Warring States Period, Qi had kings and queens. Mrs. Zi Shiyin's wife is also the first wife, so the book is dead.Jun Shiyin's mother, Hui Gong's step-wife and concubine, so the book died. Who doesn't book the burial?At the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, it was not far away from the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the distinction between concubines and concubines was still strict, so Zhongzi sacrificed six feathers to the palace, which is the so-called one who still adheres to Zhou etiquette.After Xi Gong, the day was overstepped, which can be seen in the scriptures. Marquis Teng descended to be Zi Ye, Marquis Xue descended to Bo Ye, and when Marquis descended to Bo Ye, how could he be demoted? [44] When Tengzi came to the court, Zhang Wugou and Hu Kanghou said that he demoted him to the court.Those who depreciate can be regarded as human beings, and so can be named.As for the exhaustion of fame, it is not sentimental to lower one's title.The ancient world is still the same as the present.Cui Chengxiu, Wei Guangwei, people in the world without words.If you talk about it, you will name it, and if you name it, you will hate it.If it is evil, its name will be exhausted.If you demote his young teacher to be the prince's young teacher, and demote his minister to be a servant, a doctor, and an outsider, even a boy will know that it is impossible.So what is the fall of the Three Kingdoms?Sha Suicheng believed that the people of the Three Kingdoms were all slightly trapped in the administration of the princes and demoted themselves. [45] Sun Mingfu already said this, and the biography of Yichuan Chunqiu is slightly the same.In the thirteenth year of Zhaogong's Pingqiu alliance, Zichan contended for the inheritance, saying that Zheng Boyan also wanted to follow the tribute from the prince, and he was afraid of it.In the thirteenth year of Duke Ai's meeting in Huangchi, Zifu Jingbo said, Lu gave Wu eight hundred chariots, and if he was a son, half of them would be given.Zhu belongs to Wu, but Zhu belongs to Jin.All its proofs.In the Spring and Autumn Period, Wei was called the public, and at the end of it, he was demoted to be a marquis, and demoted to be a king. [46] According to historical records, the family of Wei was strong in the third Jin Dynasty during the time of Zhaogong, and Wei Rushanhou belonged to it.In the sixteenth year of Chenghou, Wei Geng was demoted to the title of Marquis.After five years as the heir to the emperor, he was degraded to the title of emperor.This is written in Shiji, and later generations still don't know it.Gao induced Lu's Spring and Autumn Wei Sijun to say that Qin demoted his name to be a monarch.Fu Teng Xue?? It is still true [47], in the twenty-seventh year of Duke Xiang, the Qi people of the Song Dynasty invited Zhu, and the Song people invited Teng, but neither of them joined the alliance.In the year of Ding AD, the city became Zhou.Song Zhongji said that Teng, Xue, and I served as slaves, not only self-deprecating, but also the private belongings of a big country.Therefore, the history of Lu is also written. When a small country is poor, Tengxue (Musi) descends and is called Bo and son, and when a big country is strong, the son of Qi is listed on the top of Tengxue (Musi) in Julu. Under the order of the princes, until the tenth year of Duke Xiang, the meeting to defeat Zheng was at Tengxue? Xiaolu.See you again in eleven years, and enter Julu again.It's time for it.Zuo Shi said that he advanced first, but he also made excuses. In the fourth year and seventh year of Duke Huan, the autumn and winter seasons were at two o'clock, in the fourteenth year of Duke Ding's time, winter was at one o'clock, and in the tenth year of Gongyang Chenggong's tenth year, winter was in October.In the tenth year of Duke Zhao there was no winter in December; in the twenty-eighth year of Duke Xi there was no moon in winter and there was Renshen Dingchou; in the fourteenth year of Duke Huan there was summer and five but no moon; From three years to nine years, from eleven years to seventeen years, there was no king. In the fifth year of Duke Huan, Jiaxu was ugly, Chen Houbao died, and Jiaxu had a day but nothing happened. [50] In the summer and May of the 22nd year of Zhuang Gong, there is nothing to do but the first month of the book.Du's interpretation of the case is that it is queer and absurd.There is a saying in Guliang that Huan has no king, and I secretly think that the Master Shugong ascended the throne after he followed the hermit, so Huan's ambitions will be met.Xi waited to go to his king and thought he was demoting evil? The king sent Uncle Rong to come to Xihuan to order.If you don't write in heaven, you can also write in Que. [51] In the fifth year of Duke Wen, the king sent Uncle Rong back.And the price is the same.If it is said that he is demoted because of his Xihuan, then Huan's Li Chunqiu has already been established.Shang Chen wrote to Chu Zi, [52] Wen Gong nine years.The businessman wrote to Qi Hou, [53] Wengong fifteen years.There is nothing for the fifth-class nobles to be demoted, so who can be demoted as much as the king of heaven? In the first year of Xi's reign, the funeral of the wife's family came to Ziqi, and Jiang was not mentioned.In the first year of Xuangong, Jiang Zhi Ziqi was named as his wife and wife, but he did not say his family name.This is not the same as Uncle Pengsheng in the fourteenth year of Wengong, and Zhongsun Ji in the sixth year of Dinggong, both of which are queer.The scriptures of the saints are plain and upright. Shao Guoxian [54] Bao said, what is the Quewen of the history of Xia Wulu?Que Wen of the Spring and Autumn Period?For example, in the history of Lu's quewen, the pen is cut and the pen is cut and the pen is cut. Why is there no need to doubt it alone, so as to show future generations?Quench what you don't have to doubt, to show future generations, to push the heart of Bogao who is not sincere, is to be dishonest to future generations.How can a saint do it.Otherwise, what would the ugly uncle Peng Sheng, Zhong Sun Ji do in Jiaxu?That's why the Que Wen of Xia Wu Chun Qiu is not the Que Wen of Lu History.Fan Jieru [55] Shouji said, Ji Zibo, Guo Gong, Xia Wu, etc., are the ones who preach the scriptures.I don't believe it is said to be the master's question. [56] According to Jiaxu has been ugly, it seems to be a text of Lu history, so Zuo Zhuan has said that he will go again. In March of the first year of Zhuang Gong, his wife Sun Yuqi.It's not called Jiang's, it's absolutely.In February of the second year, his wife, Mrs. Jiang, met Qihou Yuju, and she was renamed Jiang.Seeing that the people of Lu treated him like a gentleman, he forgot his father and communicated with Yu.The ancestors and grandchildren will return to Lu during this period, but the Spring and Autumn Period is not written, which is a national taboo.This master cut it off. Liu Yuan's father said, Zuo's said, Mrs. Sun Yuqi is not called Jiang's family, and it is definitely not a kinship gift.It is said that the people of Lu are extremely literary and Jiang does not consider him close, but he is in the ear of etiquette. [57] Du's saying that Wen Jiang's righteousness should be with Qi Jue and return to Qi is a Qu saying.The Biography of Dou Yuan in Wei Shu states that the wife is guilty of murdering Huan, and she will never honor her father's righteousness for her own sake. It is absolutely a crime for a good Zhuanggong to think about righteousness, so it is called Li Ye.Gai Xianru all made this statement.But can the mother never die?Song Xiang's mother was convicted of a crime by the king and returned to the country of her parents.Ji Xianggong wanted to see him when he ascended the throne, but he couldn't get justice.Write He Guang's poems for self-pity.However, Song did not welcome it.In order to try to offend the first emperor, you can't abolish your life privately.Confucius wrote about his poems, thinking that Song Ji was not unkind, and Xianggong was not unfilial. Now Wen Jiang's crime is serious, so why would it hurt righteousness if he is not a relative? In the preface of the poem, it is said that Duke Zhuang of Lu can't prevent his mother Zhao from mourning because of her grief, thinking of her father with sincerity, serving her mother with sincerity, and controlling her subordinates with severe punishment.All of these are forbidden at the end and not at the beginning.Husband Wen Jiang's rebellion against Lu will inevitably lead to the mourning of him and his father, and his grandson Yu Qi is also the one who is not allowed by the state theory. [58] It is taboo that Ben is called the grandson, and Wen Jiang is in the country of Qi's parents, so how can he be the grandson of the book?This is a straight book and one who sees the righteousness.If it is eliminated here, the righteousness of the courtiers will be extended, and the ugly behavior of the other day will not be listed in the history policy.Duke Zhuang was young, and the ministers of the country could not uphold the righteousness to return him to Lu, and relying on the respect of the monarch and mother to coerce Qi's strength and indulge in lust, it became uncontrollable.Yi said that a gentleman starts with doing things, and the Zuo family never said a word for their relatives, which won the meaning of a saint.However, Lu people could not do it, and later Confucianism returned to ignorance of its meaning.The so-called courtiers who do not understand the righteousness of the Spring and Autumn Period, who are changed and do not know their power, do they not believe in their husbands? In February of the fourth year of Duke Zhuang, his wife, Mrs. Jiang, enjoyed the Marquis of Qi in Zhuqiu.In winter, the Duke and the people of Qi hunted in Ju.Madam enjoys Qi Hou.You can also write.The Duke and the Marquis of Qi are hunting, which cannot be written about.Therefore, the text was changed to say Qi people, and those who belong to the people are also the ones.Du Shi thought that those who were insignificant were lost. The Spring and Autumn Period is to Yi and Di, and there is no desire to give it its name.The knowledge of Chu in the classics began in the tenth year of Zhuangzhi, and it was only called Jing.Twenty-three years later, he came to hire him.Twenty-eight years later, it was called Jing again, not with others.In the first year of Xizhi, he was called Chu people.Four years after the alliance in Zhaoling, there was a doctor. [59] Gongyang Chuan said that in the ninth year of Wen Gong, Jiao came to hire him, and there was only a doctor, and it was sparse.It is also called Yi Di Bu's family, no, Qu Wangu's family has been written.In the 21st year, I met Yu Yu and began to write to Chu Zi.However, Chu Zi, the one who made Yishen come to present the victory, [60] twenty-one years.Instead of Shujun.Ziyu, who surrounded the Song Dynasty, [61] twenty-seven years.Ziyu who rescued the defenders, and Ziyu who fought in the city of Pu. [62] Twenty-eight years.Not a calligrapher, the meaning of a sage, so that it cannot be suddenly the same as Zhongxia.Wuzhi was seen in the classics, starting in the seventh year of Chengzhi, and it was just called Wu.In the fifth year of Xiangzhi, he will meet with Qi, and he will listen to the princes' favors and give them to him.In ten or fourteen years, it was called Wu Shuhui again, but not with others.Twenty-five years later, the door died in Chao, and he began to write to Wu Zi. [63] Earl Wu Ben, in the Spring and Autumn Period, he wrote the book with the example of his king, who descended from the four descendants.In the twenty-ninth year, the envoy came to hire, and there was a doctor.However, to destroy the state, [64] Zhaogong thirteen years.Fighting Chang'an [65] for seventeen years.Defeated chicken father, [66] twenty-three years.Destroy the nest, [67] twenty-four years.Extinguish Xu, [68] thirty years.Fayue, [69] thirty-two years.Entering Ying, [70] Dinggong for four years.Defeated Li, [71] fourteen years.Cut Chen, [72] Ai Gong six years.Huituo, [73] Ibid.Huizhuo, [74] seven years.Cut me, [75] eight years.Faqi, [76] ten and eleven years.Rescue Chen, [77] ten years.Zhan Ai Ling, [78] eleven years.Meeting Lugao, [79] twelve years.And called Wu but not with others.Huihuangchi [80] thirteen years.Shu Jin Hou and Wu Zi are different.There is no book teacher in the end of spring and autumn.So that it will never be the same as Zhongxia.It is the last resort of Zhishu Junshu and Dafu Spring and Autumn.Political relations are in China.Speaking of the affairs of the future generations, it is just like the generation of the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms.By the time of Wei, Qi and Zhou, they had no choice but to become a country and list it in history.The same is true for gold and yuan.This master recorded Chu Wu also.However, the meaning of restraint in the preparation of books, the heart of a sage is always in China.hoot! ==Subjugated book burial== Zhuang died at the age of 30 and was buried with books, so Ji Shu Ji Cun Ji also.Chen has died and his book was buried, and Chen Aigong kept Chen Ye.This sage's affection can be seen in those who do things. ==Xu Nan's new minister== Xu Nan's new minister died in the fourth year of Xi'an. The Zuo family said that Xu Mugong died in his teacher, and he was buried with Hou Li.But the scriptures do not speak to the teacher, the master dare not increase the threshold of this old history.Gu Liangzi didn't know what to say, but thought he was the master of Neihuan.Liu Yuan's father thought that he would die in his country after leaving his teacher, so he chiseled it. ==Used in Taimiao to Mrs.== In the eighth year of Xi's reign, Yu was sent to Taimiao to Mrs.The wife mourns Jiang Ye, and mourns Jiang's death for seven years.The Lu people were suspicious, so they didn't go to the temple.As a result, it is not called Jiang's family, and his wife Jiang's wife died in Yi's literature in the first year of Chengyuan.Ai Jiang and the killing of two monarchs and still using him as a match for Duke Zhuang are a mess of etiquette.Is it clear that the rituals of the suburban community, the righteousness of the taste, and the governance of the country are like showing the palms?Zhi Furen and Ji Xi Gong are all the decline of Lu Dao, and the master hurts them.The Hu family regards his wife as a common practice, so why does it still exist?It's not easy to say. Calling Xiaojun by Chengfeng is a distinction between concubines and concubines, although it is more like mourning.It is said that he cares about Han Guangwu's dethroning of Empress Lu and matching Gaomiao with Bo's family. == and his doctor Xun Xi== In the tenth year of Xi's tenth year, Duke Xian of Jin established Xi Qi, and he said it in the law of the king, and Yi Shuzi was also.In the words of the courtiers, the fate of the monarch and father survives. [81] The ancients valued the father's order, and Boyi refused to stand because of the father's order, and fled to Shuqi.Therefore, Xun Xi's loyalty is the same as Confucius' father and his hatred of Mu. ==Xing people, Di people, and Wei== There are those who follow the same article in the Spring and Autumn Period of Xi's eighteenth year.In the eighteenth year of Duke Xi, the Di people from Xing defeated Wei, and the Di people from Qi allied with Xing in the 20th year, and the two countries were united. [82] In the 23rd year of Duke Zhuang, a man from Jing came to hire him.Zhao's Pengfei said, calling people is not the way to advance.If Dan Shujing comes to hire, then if the whole country comes, the writing will not go well, so the writing of human characters will be written.Otherwise, in the 28th year of Jing Dynasty Zheng, why didn't he write about people?If it's just Di, it's not called a person.In the eighteenth year, Di saved Qi, and in the twenty-first year, Di invaded Wei.Gu Liang said that Di called people, and he entered it.Why not advance to save Qi and advance to attack and protect?Then he also said for it, if you are good at being tired and then advance, how good is the husband and guard. In the fifth year of Duke Zhao, the son of Chu, the Marquis of Cai, the Marquis of Chen, Xu Nan, the son of Shen, the son of Xu, and the people of Xu and Yue attacked Wu.It is the same case to call Yueren instead of Yuyue. [83] Lu's Compilation said that all the Yidi and the princes listed in the narrative are called people for writing, but the emperor and ministers have the same speech. ==Wang entered in Wangcheng but did not write== In the 25th year of Xi's return to King Xiang, Zuo's book Xia Siyue Wang Dingsi entered Wangcheng, but the scriptures were not written, and his writings are history.If there is nothing in history, the master will benefit from it.Lu Shi thought that King Xiang had never returned to his country, and Prince Hu was guarding him.This hollow theory. [84] It said that the Spring and Autumn Period began to write about the heavenly king's residence.In the next four years, in May, the Shu Gong Dynasty was placed in the king's office.In winter, the King of Heaven hunted in Heyang.The public dynasty was in the king's place.In the eighth year of Duke Wen's book, the Heavenly King died, and it was not a book entry.Wang Meng lives in the emperor, Jing Wang lives in Diquan, this is the inland area, and his entry is still written.Lord of the world also.Zheng's other countries are also far away, so who can enter the country without writing about it?It is the ultimate honor of a man and a minister to accept the emperor to establish the royal family, but if he does not write it in the scriptures, why is it in the Spring and Autumn Period?However, King Xiang never entered.And Hui Wang tasted Zheng and was in Li, [85] Zhuanggong twenty years.Its output cannot be written, and its entry cannot be written.Take Lu Shi's words as an example, it has never been out, and it has never been in.Zhuang Wangxi, Wang Qing and Wang Beng are not written.Taking the words of Lu Shi as an example, it has not yet collapsed, but is it possible? [86] Zhao Shi said that the Spring and Autumn Period Wang Beng did not write three times, did not tell the royal family when he saw him, and did not go to Lu.Yu said that this is because the old history is not written, and the meaning of the two is self-evident.Shao said, "It was difficult to tell the princes about the departure of King Xiang, so Zhongni wrote it according to the policy, and he never told the princes about his entry and his husband Huiwang's entry and exit.It is not contained in the policy, although Zhongni got the rumors, did An benefit from it?But if you respect the king's establishment, then the world that Zhongni saw would be the same.Zichao went to Chu, and there were envoys to tell the princes, what about the king of heaven?What the policy has is like Gai Zhaoru.Therefore, Di Quan also wrote, and Cheng Zhou also wrote. There is nothing greater than the entry of the king of heaven, but the Spring and Autumn Period is not written, so the master's self-talk also said that it was described but not written. In the Spring and Autumn Book Xingbo, there are those who say what it starts, and there are those who say what it enters.In the autumn and July of the fourteenth year of Duke Wen, there was a star that entered Beidou, not to mention what happened, but the emphasis was on Beidou.In the winter of the seventeenth year of Duke Zhao, there was a star entering the west of Dachen and reaching the Han. ==Zizu== Uncle Zhong Huibo died in the eighteenth year of Wen.However, the history of the country is not written, and the master has never explained it in detail.The so-called forgiveness between husbands and wives is also for those who have passed through the ditch and don't know it. ==Nagong Sun Ningyi's father in Chen == In the eleventh year of the Xuan Dynasty, Kong Ningyi's father went to prostitution in the country from Linggong, killing loyal and admonishing people.Kings can't die.From Chuzi to Chen.The sinner of the Spring and Autumn Period is also, so the book says, Na Gongsun Ning Yi went to Chen as his father.Du Yu said that the second son entrusted Chu to repay the king's favor.Duke Ling was mourned, and the thieves demanded the restoration of the country. Their merits were enough to make up for their mistakes.Alas!Even without the words of Uncle Shen, Chen is the county of Chu!The second son is the servant of Chu!What is the merit?Fortunately, the son of Chu was re-appointed, and he became a public rebel against the country, and the two sons had nothing to do.And Du's song said, so that the deceitful and disloyal ministers of later generations can help themselves to explain themselves.Alas!Is it even more so now that it has been for other counties and counties, and it still repays its favor? If there is a thief here, he will rob a rich house.In the middle of the journey, his master was killed by his servants.The thief then entered his house and killed his servant, saying, I will report to you.Then there are fields and houses, goods and property, sons, descendants and grandchildren.His descendants also regarded him as a grandfather.Alas!Is there any reason?The so-called disorderly officials and thieves in the Spring and Autumn Period, who is evil if it is not this? To keep Chen with Chu Zi, but not to accept two ministers with Chu Zi, Gongyangzi insisted on saying it himself, saying that he kept Chen, and it was embarrassing. ==Three Kingdoms Come to You== In the eighth year of the Twelve Lords, Lu women married many princes.Du Song Boji wrote the Three Kingdoms to concubine, and Gai Xuangong was born. [87] In the year of Xuangong, the wife came to Ziqi.Mujan The sons of concubines do not give birth to books, but the old sons give birth to special books.The daughter of a concubine does not write to her, nor does she write to her concubine.Therefore, Bo Ji belonged to Song Teshu. Wei Shuoren's poem said, the sister of the East Palace.Justice said, the prince of the East Palace also lives.In the words of the prince, Ming and the same mother.See how expensive your wife was born.It is known that the ancients were divided into concubines and concubines, not only sons, but also women. ==Kill or not be called a doctor== In the tenth year of Xiangxiang, whoever wrote to kill his doctor, the righteousness depends on the king, and he is responsible for killing him.Stealing and killing Zheng Gongzi 騑, Gongzi Fa, and Gongsun Zhe, Wen Bu said that he stole and killed the doctor, so he didn't say anything about the doctor. [88] Du Shi said, stealing is regarded as writing, so it is not allowed to speak of his doctor.Its righteousness is not tied to the king, but just the title of the secretary of the League.It is not true that Hu thought it was a crime and cut down his doctor.He killed Wu Zi and sacrificed for the rest, but if you speak of Wu Zi, you can know it.Wen Bu can say that Wu Yan killed his king. [89] The robbery and killing of Cai Houshen is the same.Anyone who is like this in the Spring and Autumn Period is what Zhao Zi said is inescapable.Gu Liangzi said, "If you don't call yourself a lord, you can't call yourself a lord."No. In the fourteenth year of Duke Ding, there was a great search in Bipu.Zhu Zi came to meet the public.There is no book to meet the public in the Spring and Autumn Period.It is not the court that comes to meet, but it will be in the place of great search.嘉事不以野成，故明年正月复来朝。 春秋葬皆用柔日。宣公八年冬十月己丑，葬我小君敬嬴。雨不克葬。庚寅日中而克葬。定公十五年九月丁己，葬我君定公。雨不克葬，戊午日下昃乃克葬。已丑丁己所卜之日也。迟而至于明日者，事之变也，非用刚日也。[90]经文所书葬列国之君无非柔日者。惟成公十五年秋八月庚辰，葬宋共公，是刚日。其亦雨不克葬，迟而至于明日者与？汉人不知此义，而长陵[91]高帝以丙寅，茂陵[92]武帝以甲申，平陵[93]昭帝以壬申，渭陵[94]元帝以丙戌，义陵[95]哀帝以壬寅，皆用刚日。 穆天子传，盛姬之葬以壬戌。疑其书为后人伪作。 凡继立之君逾年正月乃书即位，然后成之为君。未逾年则称子。未逾年又未葬则称名。先君初没，人子之心不忍亡其父也。父前子名故称名。庄公三十二年子般卒，襄公三十一年子野卒，是也。已葬则子道毕而君道始矣。子而不名。文公十八年子卒，僖公二十五年卫子，[96]成公二十八年陈子，[97]共公定公三年邾子[98]隐公是也。[99]杂记曰，君薨，太子号称子，待犹君也。郑氏注曰，谓未逾年也。逾年则改元，国不可以旷年无君。[100]白虎通曰，逾年称公者，缘臣民之心不可一日无君也。缘终始之义一年不可有二君也。故有不待葬而即位，则已成之为君。文公元年春王正月，公即位。成公元年春王正月，公即位。定公元年夏六月戊辰，公即位。桓公十三年卫侯，[101]惠公宣公十一年陈侯，[102]成公成公三年宋公，[103]共公卫侯，[104]定公是也。所以敬守而重社稷也。[105]杜氏左传注，卫宣公未葬，惠公称侯以接邻国，非礼也。盖不达此义。此皆周公之制，鲁史之文，而夫子遵之者也。公羊传曰，君存称世子。[106]世子下仍当繋名，若陈世子款，郑世子华之类。君薨称子某，既葬称子，逾年称公，得之矣。 未葬而名，亦有不名者。僖公九年宋子，[107]襄公定公四年陈子，[108]怀公是也。所以从同也。[109]盟会之文，从同而书，不得独异。昭公二十二年，刘子单子以王猛居于皇，刘蚠亦在丧。已葬而不名，亦有名之者。昭公二十二年王子猛是也。所以示别也。[110]嫌于敬王王子朝。 郑伯突出奔蔡者，已即位之君也。郑世子忽复归郑者，已葬未逾年之子也。此临文之不得不然，非圣人之抑忽而进突也。[111]忽突皆名，别嫌也。杜氏注贱之者，非。 里克杀其君之子奚齐者，未葬居丧之子也。里克弑其君卓者，逾年已即位之君也。此临文之不得不然。谷梁传曰，其君之子云者，国人不子也。No. 即位之礼必于逾年之正月即位，然后国人称之曰君。春秋之时有先君已葬不待逾年而先即位者矣。宣公十年，齐侯使国佐来聘。[112]顷公成公四年，郑伯伐许。[113]悼公称爵者，从其国之告，亦以著其无父之罪。 定公十五年，姒氏卒，不书薨，不称夫人，葬不称小君。盖春秋自成风以下虽以妾母为夫人，然必公即位而后称之。此姒氏之不称者，本无其事也。[114]左氏谓不成丧者，非。后世之君多于柩前即位，于是大行未葬，而尊其母为皇太后。[115]后汉礼仪志，三公奏尚书顾命太子即日即天子位于柩前，请太子即皇帝位，皇后为太后，奏可，群臣皆出易服入会如仪。及乎所生，亦以例加之。妾贰于君，子疑于父，而先王之礼亡矣。 春秋之文不书族者有二义，无骇卒，挟卒。柔会宋公陈侯蔡叔盟于折，溺会齐师伐卫，未赐氏也。遂以夫人妇姜至自齐，归父还自晋，至笙遂奔齐。侨如以夫人妇姜氏至自齐。豹及诸侯之大夫盟于宋，意如至自晋，婼至自晋。一事再见，因上文而略其辞也。[116]公羊宣公元年传，遂何以不称公子？一事而再见者，卒名也。注，卒，竟也。竟但文名者省文，如后人作史，一条之中再见者，不复书姓。左氏不得其解，于溺会齐师伐卫，则曰疾之。于归父还自晋则曰善之。岂有疾之而去族，善之而又去族者乎？ 春秋隐桓之时卿大夫赐氏者尚少，故无骇卒而羽父为之请族。如挟如柔如溺皆未有氏族者也。[117]谷梁传不爵大夫之说近之，而未得其实。庄闵以下则不复见于经，其时无不赐氏者矣。 刘原父曰，诸侯大国三卿，皆命于天子。次国三卿，二卿命于天子。小国三卿，一卿命于天子。大国之卿三命，次国之卿再命，小国之卿一命。其于王朝皆士也，[118]韩宣子称晋士起。三命以名氏通，再命名之，一命略称人。周衰礼废，强弱相并，卿大夫之制，虽不能尽如古，见于经者亦皆当时之实录也。故隐桓之间其去西周未久，制度颇有存者。是以鲁有无骇柔挟，郑有宛詹，秦楚多称人。至其晚节，无不名氏通矣。而邾莒滕薛之等日已益削，转从小国之例称人而已。说者不知其故，因谓曹秦以下悉无大夫，患其时有见者，害其臆说，因复构架无端，以饰其伪。彼固不知王者诸侯之制度班爵云尔。 或曰翚不称公子，何与？杜氏曰，公子者当时之宠号。[119]宣元年注。翚之称公子也，桓赐之也。其终隐之篇不称公子者，未赐也。[120]刘原父曰，公子虽亲，然天下无生而贵者。是以命为大夫，则名氏得两通。未命为大夫，则得称名，不得称公子。若专命之罪，则直书而自见矣。 齐公子商人弑其君舍己，赐氏也。卫州吁弑其君完，未赐氏也。胡氏以为以国氏者，累及乎上，称公子者诛及其身。此求其说而不得，故立此论耳。 周制，公侯伯子男为五等之爵。而大夫虽贵，不敢称子。春秋自僖公以前，大夫并以伯仲叔季为称。[121]诗云，叔兮伯兮，此大夫之称也。春秋僖公十五年，震夷伯之庙！杜氏注，夷谥，伯字。大夫既卒书字。三桓之先曰共仲，曰僖叔，曰成季。孟孙氏之称子也，自蔑也，[122]文公十五年。叔孙氏之称子也，自豹也，[123]襄公七年。季孙氏之称子也，自行父也[124]文公十三年。闵公元年书季子，二年书高子，皆春秋之特笔。晋之诸卿，在文公以前无称子者。魏氏之称子也自犨也。[125]僖公二十三年栾氏之称子也自枝也。[126]僖公二十八年。赵氏之称子也自衰也。[127]文公二年。中行氏之称子也自林父也。[128]文公十三年。郤氏之称子也自缺也。[129]文公十三年。知氏之称子也自首也。[130]宣公十二年。范氏之称子也自会也。[131]宣公十二年。韩氏之称子也自厥也。[132]宣公十二年。晋齐鲁卫之执政称子，他国惟郑间一有之，余则否，不敢与大国并也。鲁之三家称子，他如臧氏子服氏仲叔氏，皆以伯叔称焉。不敢与三家并也。[133]惟襄公十四年有子叔齐子。论语有卞庄子。其生也或以伯仲称之，如赵孟知伯死，则谥之而后子之。犹国君之死而谥称公也。于此可以见世之升降焉。读春秋者其可忽诸。 春秋时大夫虽僭称子，而不敢称于其君之前。犹之诸侯僭称公，而不敢称于天子之前也。How do you know it?以卫孔悝之鼎铭知之。曰献公乃命成叔，纂乃祖服，曰乃考文叔。兴旧耆欲，成叔孔成子烝锄也，文叔孔文子圉也。叔而不子，是君前不敢子也。 [134]左传，韩厥言于晋侯，亦云成季宣孟。犹有先王之制存焉。 [135]陆淳曰，侯伯子男之臣皆得称其君曰公，其子孙亦曰公子。而谥不得云公者，谥是王所赐也。大夫之臣得称其主曰子，而谥不得称子者，谥是君所赐也。至战国则子又不足言，而封之为君矣。 洛讳阙诰予旦以多子越御事，多子犹春秋传之言群子也。[136]宣公十二年。唐孔氏以为大夫皆称子，非也。 春秋自僖文以后而执政之卿始称子，其后则匹夫而为学者所宗，亦得称子，老子孔子是也。[137]孔子弟子惟有子曾子二人称子，闵子冉子仅一见。又其后则门人亦得称之，乐正子公都子之流是也。[138]孟子乐正子注，子通称。故论语之称子者，皆弟子之于师。[139]如云非不悦子之道，卫君待子而为政之类。孟子之称子者，皆师之于弟子。[140]如云子诚齐人也，子亦来见我乎之类。亦世变之所从来矣。 论语称孔子为子，盖夫子而省其文，门人之辞也。亦有称夫子者，夫子矢之，夫子喟然叹曰，夫子不答，夫子莞尔而笑，夫子怃然曰。不直曰子而加以夫，避不成辞也。[141]即此可悟