Chapter 36 Tiny Eighteenth-2

Guanjin is cold everywhere Chang Ju, Jie drowned, couple and plowed, Confucius passed them, and made Zilu ask him about it.Changju said: "Who is the husband who controls the public opinion?"Zilu said: It is Confucius.Said: Is it Lu Kongqiu and?Said: Yes.Said: It is Zhijin!Asked Yu Jie Ni, Jie Ni said: Who is the son?Said: for Zhong You.Said: "A disciple of Lu Kongqiu?"Confrontation: yes.Said: Eloquent, everyone in the world is also, but who can change it?And instead of following the scholars who pioneered people, how can we follow the scholars who pioneered the world?Do not stop.Zilu went to tell.The master said in a daze: "Birds and beasts should not be in the same group. Who will be with me and the people of Feisi?"There is a Tao in the world, and Qiu does not agree with Yi.

Chang Ju and Jie Ni are two hermits, a pair of good friends, who are farming side by side. Confucius passed by there. I don’t know whether it was intentional or unintentional. The "problem" of the article, the allusion of the so-called "pointing the maze" in our future Chinese writing, comes from here.Changju first asked Zilu, who is that old man you are driving for him?This is knowingly asking.Zilu said, the one sitting in the car is my teacher!The famous Confucius.Changju said, is that Kongqiu from the state of Lu?Zilu said, yes!it's him.Changju said, since it is Confucius, of course he knows how to go, so he still wants to ask us the way?he answered

Very clever, Zilu asked where the car should go.Changju’s answer is not the road the car takes, but the road of life. Changju means that Confucius, who has traveled around the world and preached everywhere, doesn’t he know the "road" now?What he said was wonderful and humorous. Zilu couldn't make any sense, so he turned his head and asked Jie Ni, but Jie Ni turned back and asked Zi Lu, who are you?Zilu said, My name is Zhong You.Jie Ni said, are you the apprentice of that bad old man Kong Qiu in the State of Lu?Zilu said yes.Jie Ni said: "Too much is everywhere in the world." Taotao is an adjective, and the modern vocabulary is tide. When the tide comes, the sea rises, and the waves roll, no matter good or bad, all are submerged by the waves.The world is the same, that is to say, the whole world is now full of turbid waves, a stream of turbid water is flowing, who can change this situation, when the flood is flooding, the trend of the times is coming, and no one can stop it and he told Zilu: "And

And instead of following the scholars who pioneered people, how about following the scholars who pioneered the world? "The "pi" in this sentence is the "avoid" of "escape"; the "scholar who Piren" refers to Confucius, who avoided the state of Lu. The politics of the state of Lu was too chaotic, and he could not save his own country! If you want to practice your own ideals, look around to avoid the chaotic society. In addition, you want to find a better environment and become a "scholar who pioneered people". Jie Ni is telling Zilu that you should follow "scholars who pioneered people" like Confucius. , but people can’t avoid it. For example, the monks who become monks and the priests who join the church today have not left society anyway, but changed their lives. "Scholar", even this era has been abandoned. Leaving this society, running to the mountains, and not dealing with anyone, is this becoming a monk? Zen Master Yongjia once said, when your heart cannot be calm, run to The deep mountains are useless. Don’t think that when you go to the mountains, you just become a monk and practice. Sometimes you will get annoyed when you see the wind and grass. If you calm your mind, you will be as clean as you are in the mountains and forests in any lively place. It is the basic truth. Therefore, Jie Ni said to Zilu in this section, instead of following Confucius and thinking that this place is wrong, you leave to another society. In fact, the era cannot be escaped. It is better to forget this world by yourself like us. Forget about this era, planting my field, no matter what. After he said this, he stopped talking, picked up the hoe, and kept planting his field.

Zilu ran into a wall, so he went back and reported the story to Confucius. Confucius was very unhappy when he heard this, and his face changed. I used this sentence as an excuse to think that the hermits of Taoism were wrong, saying that Confucius was calling them beasts.This is the interpretation of later generations, but I deny this explanation. The Confucianism of later generations is fundamentally wrong.From my point of view, Confucius agrees with them very much. This sentence of Confucius is not scolding them, because there is a sentence above, "Master said suddenly", Confucius felt very sad and lonely, so he told Zilu: "Birds and beasts should not be in the same group. "Birds fly, beasts walk, and birds fly in the sea and sky. Among beasts, the vast majority of wild beasts are in the mountains and forests, not in human society. Flying and walking cannot be placed together. In other words, people have their own aspirations and go their own way. Those who go far away will go far away, and those who fly high will fly high.Confucius went on to say, in fact, I really want to be like them, follow their line, and put aside the world and the country. I am not the same as the two of them.In other words, they are all worrying about the world, worrying about the country, worrying about this era, worrying about this society, these kinds of worries are all the same, the problem is that they do it differently.They can leave this society and this era behind and just farm by themselves, but I can't leave it behind.If the country and society are on track, why should I change it?Just because the times are too chaotic, I have to sacrifice myself to change the trend of this society.This is Confucius!So we know that the route taken by Confucius is more difficult than the route taken by these hermits.Knowing that this burden cannot be lifted, he insisted on picking it.

Here we quote a historical event to add explanation: Wang Anshi came to power in the Song Dynasty, and Su Dongpo and his group had different opinions and disagreements, which formed the later famous "Party Disaster". Gentlemen have resigned one after another.At that time, some people argued that it was better not to resign, because the group of people under Wang Anshi would definitely mess things up in the future. If you take up one more position and make them less messy, you will do a good job.This shows that it is very difficult to take on this kind of burden. We know that it will be bad, but we insist on not going away, occupying a little bit, and making it less bad. Although it cannot be actively saved, it is also passively prevented. Confucius followed this route.

such a storm is not feasible Here comes another one: After Zilu came, he met his father-in-law, who used a stick and lotus.Zilu asked, "Have you seen your master?"The father-in-law said: "The four limbs are not diligent, and the five grains are not distinguished. Who is the master?"Plant his stick and grow up.Zilu stands upright.Zhizi lived on the road, killed chickens for millet and ate them, and saw his second son Yan.Tomorrow, Zilu will tell you.Zi said: "The hermit is also, so Zilu sees it the other way."If it arrives, it will do.Zilu said: "Not being an official is meaningless."The festival of elders and children cannot be abandoned!The righteousness of the monarch and ministers, how can it be abolished?Desire to cleanse one's body, but to disturb the Dalun, a gentleman's official position is also to practice righteousness.If the way is not good, you know it!

Once Zilu followed Confucius, he probably lost his team and fell behind. "Meeting my father-in-law", I met an old man. "Zhangren" is not the father-in-law. In ancient times, Zhangren was a respectful title for elders.In the past, when I wrote letters, I called my parents Shiwan or Shiwan or nephew, but some of them had no friendship with their parents, and their age and status were much higher than their own. , The meaning of the predecessors.Zilu met an old gentleman, and with his walking stick, he picked up some green bamboo strips and vines for weaving bamboo wares. Zilu asked him, have you seen my teacher?This old man scolded Zilu, what is your teacher?This kind of person just brags there, doesn't work, and can't even divide the grain

Clearly, I only use my brain and brag with my mouth all day long, so I don't know your teacher.After the old man finished speaking, he stuck the crutches into the ground, where Yun Tian held the head of the cane with his hands, and pressed the grass around the seedlings into the soil with his feet.Zilu couldn't do anything, he was intimidated by his aura, and stood there respectfully with his hands folded, not daring to move.So the old man took Zilu home and kept him to stay. He also killed a chicken, cooked a good meal, entertained him richly, and even taught his two sons to accompany him.The next day Zilu found Confucius and reported his passing.Confucius said that this was a reclusive senior man, and he taught Zilu to go back to find him, but when Zilu went there, he found that the old man had moved.

Confucianism has very limited records about these hermits. If we look at the books on "Biography of Gaoshi" and "Biography of Immortals", there are many such people.For example, the monk Yinshan of Zen Buddhism, this is the story of the Tang Dynasty after Buddhism entered China: There were two famous masters who went out to "travel". "Walking feet" is a Buddhist term, which means to visit high-level people with moral knowledge everywhere. These two monks went to a deep mountain and washed their faces in the stream. One of them was Dongshan and told the other secret master that There are tall people living in the mountains.Master Mi said how did he know?Dongshan said, when we wash our face, don't we see a vegetable leaf flowing down with the stream?It can be seen that there are people in the upper class.So the two went to look for it. Although there was no trace to follow, they finally found the monk in the hidden mountain, built a thatched hut, and lived alone in the mountains. So the two monks talked to him, and they talked quite speculatively. .Later, the two monks left.But on the way, I thought about it wrongly. It is really a pity that the master who has been rarely seen for many years lives here in seclusion.So I went back the next day to look for it, but I couldn't find it. Even the thatched hut was burned, leaving only a few poems there. There are many so-called hermit-minded people in Chinese history. They didn’t lose heart and committed suicide because they were discouraged, but most of them were well-educated people.

Zilu couldn’t find the old man Hegui, and when he came back and told Confucius, he had some thoughts about it——Zilu was not an absolutely reckless person, he had been with Confucius for so many years, and Confucius admired him very much, so he made a truth ——He said that an intellectual, who has knowledge and ability, is unwilling to become an official and contribute to the country and society. For the sake of one's own fame and wealth, it is completely different to come out to be an official and to be an official.) It is not in line with righteousness.There is a social order in the society, senior and young classes, father is father, son is son, the class of human relations cannot be abolished, and the order of parents and children in the family cannot be disordered, not to mention the political system of the country and society, how can it be abolished?If it is abolished, the society will have no form, no order, and it will not be a society.These hermit-minded people want to clean themselves up, make their own physical and mental personality very high, and have their own views.There are many people in the society who have this kind of personality. This kind of person is a first-rate talent who has been established, but it would be bad to teach him to start a business.Those who start a business need both the good and the bad, and they must be prepared to accept the bad. A good reputation in the world is good, but sometimes in order to succeed in a business, you often have to bear a lot of bad reputation, which is actually very wronged.But it is difficult to pick it up.This approach is even more difficult than cleansing oneself.Therefore, we often feel that it is difficult to bear the burden of hard work, especially for those who are in charge.Entrepreneurs, the first self-cultivation is to be able to bear grievances, but it is not a means, only a kind of virtue.Therefore, people who clean themselves are mostly hermits.At this moment, Zilu had a feeling that a person who was clean and self-conscious would mess up the principles of human relations, throwing everything away and only caring about himself.It can also be said that he is an absolute individual libertarian and has no contribution to the country and society.That's why Zilu said that a gentleman's official career is not for his own sake, but for the purpose of contributing to the country and society—"doing his righteousness".After seeing these hermits, you will know that "the way is impossible".Because most intellectuals in society like to follow the path of hermits, and feel that they cannot save the times, so they become hermits and retreat, not daring to jump into this muddy water.Everyone is like this, learned and cultivated people, their minds are too clear, they see clearly, and they don't want to get involved in this muddy water.So Zilu said that he understood, but he might not be able to do it. He knew that the route he took with Confucius, from the beginning to the end, was always self-sacrifice, because most other intellectuals only cared about themselves. Up to here, it is equivalent to a paragraph, and the next chapter is equivalent to quoting Confucius' comments.Let’s talk about Yimin first. In ancient times, Yimin was also close to hermits. In history, Confucius was quoted later, and there is a "Biography of Yimin".Especially in the history of the Qing Dynasty, many intellectuals who absolutely refused to surrender in the Ming Dynasty, and of course they were not willing to come out to become officials, like Wang Chuanshan fled to the mountains in Hunan, like Li Erqu in Shaanxi, Gu Tinglin in Jiangsu, etc. , they insisted not to come out, and of course they were not killed. This kind of people stayed in the history of the Qing Dynasty, and they were included in the "Biography of Yimin". Yes, this is both the same and very different from the hermit. Qiongda Xingzang Now continue to talk about "Weizi Eighteenth", and today we will talk about "Yimin".As I said last time, what this article talks about is equivalent to the reports of historical figures, and it also reflects the truth of being in the world, a way to enter the world, a way to take a hermit, and being a hermit is the way to get out of the world.However, the way of seclusion in China in the past was not entirely negative. To describe it in the old language, we can use the four words "to wait for something".They are not treated for personal benefit, they just want to contribute to the country and society and treat them. Although they have different views and perspectives from those who joined the WTO, they all treat them differently.Therefore, the hermit's line can also be said to be positive, and their goal of saving lives and the world is the same.However, this type of people, when compared head-on with Confucius, shows two directions.Most of this area is said to be secluded. Confucius pointed out: Yimin: Boyi, Shuqi, Yuzhong, Yiyi, Zhuzhang, Liuxiahui, Shaolian.The Master said: Don't lower your ambitions, don't humiliate your body, Boyi, Shuqi and?It is said that Liu Xiahui and Shaolian: lowering one's ambition and humiliating one's body, talking about morality, and deeds with consideration, that's all!It is called Yu Zhong and Yi Yi: they live in seclusion and speak freely, their bodies are pure, and they abolish the power of the middle.I am different from that, there is nothing to do. Confucius believed that the most admirable of these Yimin people had established their personality, determined to remain unchanged, and recognized a doctrine, an idea, and a goal.No matter what the environment, his personality will never change, unshakable, and at the same time not humiliating himself-these four words are very difficult. If you compare the social phenomenon with history, you will know that many people in history have been degraded. Will humiliate oneself.Some people changed in an era, especially when the country was ruined and the family was destroyed. For example, in the late Song Dynasty and the late Ming Dynasty, many people, either for fear of death, or for their own fame and wealth, lowered their ambitions, lowered their ambitions and then humiliated themselves. Insulted, looked down upon.But having said that, there are many people who regard humiliation as an honor, and there is really nothing to do with such people.At the same time, from this point, we can also understand that our Chinese ideology and culture attach great importance to the establishment of personality education. Besides, we can see that many people in society, although they have made a fortune, are humiliated by humiliation. Come, it is also very pitiful!For the definition of not humiliating one's body, the broad sense is to strengthen one's personality and exalt one's aspirations, which is not easy.Confucius believed that Boyi and Shuqi were the only ones who were able to stand up without lowering their aspirations and humiliating themselves. These two people didn't even want the position of emperor, they could live in their hearts and morals, and regard the world as a waste. Confucius also said that wait and come second, just like Liu Xiahui and Shaolian.Liu Xiahui, whom we have mentioned before, came to power three times and stepped down three times, and he still couldn't do it well. Confucius said, this seems to be a little bit close. It can be said that he has lowered his ambition and humiliated himself.Knowing that you can't do it well, you have to do it by force, but you don't know how to change it. If you know how to change it, you can make do with it, but you can't make it. body.Humiliation refers to the individual's social environment, and humiliation refers to the self-personality.Confucius said that in this respect, Liu Xiahui and Shaolian are inferior.However, their words and thoughts throughout their lives are Zhonglun.This "zhong" is the "zhong" that the archery hit. "Zhonglun" means being in line with the principle of ethics, which maintains the spirit of traditional culture. At the same time, it also says that their words and thoughts are completely on the right path, and their behavior can be in line with the spirit of Zhongzheng.In short, their words, deeds and thoughts can keep the original rules unchanged, that's all.But they can't save the times, and they don't contribute to society, so they are saying that they have humiliated themselves. Secondly, people like Yu Zhong and Yi Yi, in modern terms, can also be said to be deserters of the times, or people who have retired from the army in the real society. They think they have no contribution to society, so they have to quit.They lived in seclusion all their lives and never came out to do anything. They spoke out loud and criticized right and wrong.When we look at "reclusive life and speaking" together, we know that only living in seclusion can speak out. How do you say this?I have no requirements or intentions for fame, wealth, or everything in society, so I can speak objectively and fairly, and dare to speak.But Confucius said that although they are like this, they can only be noble all their lives, no matter how great the fame and wealth are in front of them.It is true that the times are wrong and the environment does not allow them to make a difference, so they have no choice but to retire, but retirement is also a last resort and expedient, so it is just a way to exercise power and change. After mentioning these typical hermits, Confucius said: I am different from them. When the real era does not need me, I can be a hermit, and when it needs me, I can also come out and take absolute responsibility to do things. .It is not to set a rigid goal by yourself, like the style of the famous hermits mentioned above.Because they drew a gap by themselves, set their own personality standards, and kept that personality.Kong Liao said that there is nothing necessary, that is to say, if you don’t abide by that standard, it can be said that "a gentleman is not a weapon", which means "use it to do it, and discard it to hide it".When you need me, give me the responsibility, and I will do it, and take up the burden. When you don't want me to take up the burden, I will never ask for it. That's why Confucius is said to be "the man of the holy time".The difference between this saint and other saints is that he himself said, "There is nothing to do, nothing to do." There is no rule about what can be done, and there is no absolute denial of what can't be done. "There is nothing to do, nothing to do." Sometimes it is a tricky thing to be misunderstood by others, as if this is okay, and that is okay, but this is not what it means, but it means not to stick to one's own prejudices. This paragraph is the finishing touch to the main points of this article. The purpose of this article is here. It can also be said that in dealing with people in the world, it gives us an inspiration to see which life path we should take. bad times The following is about the chaos of the times. From this section, we can see that during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, especially in the State of Lu, the traditional culture declined. As a result, all the intellectuals fled and became Yimin. Master Zhi is suitable for Qi, Asian rice is suitable for Chu, three rice is suitable for Cai, fourth rice is suitable for Qin, drum Fangshu is suitable for the river, broadcasting the martial arts is suitable for the Han, Shaoshi Yang, and knocking the chime are suitable for the sea. Here Confucius mentioned that in the state of Lu at that time, this group of people dispersed.The State of Lu came after the Duke of Zhou, and the Duke of Zhou was the founder of the culture of the Zhou Dynasty. Therefore, the traditional culture of ancient China up to the Zhou Dynasty was relatively preserved in the State of Lu. By the time of Confucius, it had declined and the talents were scattered.The culture at that time focused on rites and music. Those who played music in that era were not the same as modern music experts. In modern terms, they were all advanced philosophical thinkers who also dealt with rites and music. But at that time, this group of people dispersed. up.The master of wind music, Zhi, "Master" is an official name, which is barely equal to the modern ministerial class, and "Zhi" is a personal name. This person left his own Lu State and disappeared in Qi State (and not to go to a better position).Ya Fangan, the word "fan" here is equivalent to the official name of Guan Yue, and Ya Fan is the deputy chief. This person has gone to Chu State.Sanfanliao went to Cai Guo.Si Fanque went to Qin State.The drum is the drummer who plays the drum, and the drummer in ancient Chinese music is the conductor in the ensemble. It is very difficult. The drummer named Fang Shu went to Hanoi (the upper reaches of the Yellow River).Wu, who was shaking the waves and drums, crossed the Han River and went to the Yangtze River area.The young master, that is, the master's deputy named Yang, and Xiang, who beat the rock, went overseas.This simple account records the whereabouts of these people in this way.Looking at this record alone, there is no reason, it seems irrelevant, But this shows that in a country and society, in an era of turmoil, the talents who really worry about the times and the world will be scattered, unable to maintain high positions, and everyone will retire and break up.Those who are truly educated and want to contribute their ability to the country and the world are helpless and discouraged. They all escape from reality and scatter here and there. Once the talents are gone, the social and political structure and the form of society will become a big problem.through this paragraph.We need to understand its spirit, which is equivalent to leading a unit, discovering several talents, and the salary is not enough to support Lian, or a certain environment troubles them, they will disperse, singing a one-man show alone, they will not be able to sing.The brilliance or bleakness of the entire historical era is a human problem.No matter how good the system is, it still depends on people to implement it. Without talents, it will be over.Therefore, if you read this paragraph in conjunction with the context, you can see its spirit.To delineate this passage is what the Confucian scholars of the Song and Ming Dynasties did later. If you read it according to their delineation, this passage of record is meaningless if it is placed here alone. It is like Wang Anshi scolding "Spring and Autumn" The book is like a running account, which makes no sense, but if you look at it together, this account has a lot of articles. From this, it can be seen that the history of the era was serious at that time, the times were about to change, and the talents were scattered. Then connect the following two sections as the conclusion of this article.Duke Zhou's Legacy The Duke of Zhou said to the Duke of Lu, "A gentleman does not treat his relatives, and does not make his ministers complain. Therefore, if there is no great enemy in the old days, he will never abandon him. There is no need to prepare for one person." Once again, we emphasize the need to connect and read, and then we can see the truth and guide our policy.As mentioned above, the state of Lu, where the culture was concentrated at that time, had begun to decline by the time of Confucius, with old age fading and talents scattered.Here it is also traced back to the record that the brother of King Wu of Zhou at the beginning of the founding of the Lu Kingdom, the Duke of Zhou who established the culture of the Zhou Dynasty, told his son Duke Lu (that is, Boqin, entrusted in the State of Lu), a leader, no matter he is an individual, Or expand it to politics. In short, for the country and society in the world, one must have no selfishness, and don't want to give benefits to one's cronies first, but must be impartial.This is the first point. Don't make the cadres you have promoted feel resentful, that is, don't let important cadres feel disapproving resentment in their hearts, and feel that they are only used for positioning and puppets, and they are not really asked to do things.If ministers don't take what the leaders do, and they don't make it clear, they will turn into a vegetarian meal and deal with work. Anyway, it is useless to raise opinions, which is very dangerous. This is the second point.Secondly: "There is no great reason for the old, so don't abandon it." This is to illustrate the nostalgic spirit of ancient Chinese culture. People who have made contributions in joint ventures, these old people, when they are old and should retire, although their brains are poor, they are useless. Yes, but at that time there was no credit and hard work, if they hadn't made too big a mistake, Don't just throw it away.The culture of human relations in Chinese culture is to love others with respect for oneself.Therefore, for the old man, even though he is old, he was still useful when he was young, and he may even have lost his life during the period. If you make too many mistakes, you can't throw them away for no reason.Whether it is the way of government or the way of being a human being, it is nostalgia and love for others.This is of course true for friends. For old friends, if there is no serious problem, there are not many good times to see each other in life.Seeing each other less once, let alone abandoning this friendship.This is the third point. Another most important point is that a leader should not require all cadres to be talented.People often make the mistake of hoping that cadres are capable and have no shortcomings.This is extremely difficult to do.There is another common mistake. For a capable cadre, everything is entrusted to him, and the result is often unbearable for this capable cadre, because he is a human being after all, not made of iron.This means that there is no need to prepare for others.Besides, everyone has strengths and weaknesses, and we cannot require everyone to be a saint, especially the cadres who start a business together. It is impossible for you to conquer the world for you and keep success for you, and at the same time to be a saint.So make friends, be a leader, and don't blame people for everything. These four points are the important principles that Zhou Gong instructed his son, the king of Lu, to be the leader.Therefore, putting this paragraph in this place of this article is very well edited.The above mentioned many people whose attitude towards life is opposite to that of Confucius, as well as people who are generally fleeing hermits.As recorded in "Confucius' Family Yu", Confucius was "like a stray dog", running around like a wild dog.Form two relative types with completely different goals.Therefore, we can see a truth: many reclusive people are forced to leave by the environment, which is related to the issue of being a political leader.Confucius often mentioned the virtues of the Zhou Dynasty, so the following is a summary of the talents of the Zhou Dynasty. There were eight scholars in Zhou: Bo Da, Bo Shi, Zhong Tu, Zhong Hu, Shu Ye, Shu Xia, Ji Sui, and Ji Yun. The rise of the Zhou Dynasty, in addition to the main Jiang Taigong and Zhou Gong, there were also important cadres, that is, these eight people, the key figures in the staff, and the early Zhou Dynasty laid the foundation for the next eight hundred years. It is due to a large number of talents and concerted efforts.We don't have much information on the history of these eight people, so let's stop here for now.