Chapter 37 Zizhang 19th-1

The records in the nineteenth chapter have the same nature as the ninth chapter "Zihan" discussed above. The article "Zihan" records the actual educational theory of Confucius's learning, speech, and behavior at that time. Now the article "Zi Zhang Nineteen" talks about how Confucius' students and disciples, after being educated by Confucius, have changed their attitude towards Confucianism. Learning to play. Zi Zhang said: "Scholar, when you see danger and death, you can think of righteousness when you see it. When you sacrifice, you think about respect. When you mourn, you mourn. That's all."

As mentioned above, among Confucius' speeches, all important things mentioned are "gentlemen, gentlemen". At this point, Zizhang mentioned "scholars". From this, we can see the slight changes in the times There are different.China's "scholars", as we have mentioned, choose one out of ten young people who are more knowledgeable and capable as scholars. This is the prototype of China's elections. The current elections are Western-style. The spirit of elections in ancient China, Until the Han Dynasty, this was the case on the surface. In a truly free and democratic election, the "scholar" was launched to serve the country.Now Zi Zhang said, why does the country need intellectual taxis?The concept of this intellectual is slightly different from that of today. The intellectuals at that time were "Confucians" who were needed by the crowd. "People need it," Zizhang said that an intellectual should "see danger and die", and when he sees that the country and society are in trouble, he has no choice but to come out and provoke this responsibility.There are similar words in "Book of Rites".For example, Wen Tianxiang, who we often advertise, is a very pitiful task for him to be a prime minister. He only published it when he had no choice but to wait until the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. He could have quit. , but now you want me!But Wen Tianxiang didn't have this notion of not living up to expectations. This is also a typical example of what an intellectual taxi called "seeing danger to death". When it is difficult and dangerous, since you want me, I will come, ready to pay for this life.

Of course, apart from Wen Tianxiang, there are also good examples in many pioneering eras in history. However, everyone feels that the successful side is not eye-catching enough, so they did not mention it.For example, Guo Ziyi is a typical example of seeing danger and dying. "Seeing what makes sense" means that when you get some benefits, or when you get rewarded for your merits, you should consider it. "Thinking" is to consider whether it is what we deserve?You can't get it casually.It can be seen that Chinese culture requires an intellectual, the so-called "Confucian" of the scholar-bureaucrat class, is so strict: I will bear the most difficult and difficult things, and all of you will take the good ones. I don't necessarily want them.

Ancient Chinese culture attached great importance to offering sacrifices to the ancestors of heaven and earth, ghosts and gods. For example, the sacrifice of stoves on December 24 has a history of thousands of years. Although it seems superstitious, it actually has great significance. Of course, when offering sacrifices, one must behave properly Moments, such as facing the gods.Modern science is only talking about the visible side, and is exploring the invisible side.This invisible side, at least for now, science has not been able to prove whether it exists. A truly great scientist dare not say that there is no such thing. Therefore, we must "respect" the sacrifices between heaven and man.

"Sorrow and mourning" means mourning when a person dies. In a narrow sense, it means to have a sad mood in the face of funerals. For example, in the Chinese "Book of Rites", this word mourning includes a greater meaning, such as the failure of the times.All of you here today feel great grief and indignation when you get along with this place, and you should all have painful thoughts about the issue of responsibility.Zizhang said that only by achieving these four points can he be regarded as an intellectual and worthy of being a scholar.On this point, we must realize that it is so difficult for an intellectual or a scholar in our own national culture to become a scholar.

After the death of Confucius, Zizhang was teaching students, that is to say, he inherited the spirit of Confucius and engaged in social education. Zi Zhang said: If one does not promote morality and does not believe in faith, how can one be successful?How can I die? These eight characters are difficult. "Practice morality is not to promote." Persistence means grasping. For example, belief means grasping a certain idea as the center. "De" has a broad sense, including moral virtue and truth.Every one of us has this kind of virtue. For example, when we see others doing good deeds, we must feel awe in our hearts. When we see others have good paintings, we also appreciate them in our hearts.But did we follow through?No, this is "not promoting morality".We are not so ambitious, we also obey the truth, and admire good people and good deeds, but when we do it ourselves, we are not so active and cannot give full play. The "Tao" of "faithlessness" is not just the "Tao" of religion, but includes all truths.Our experience in life, sometimes we clearly know this is the truth, but when it comes to dealing with things, once our own personality and temper come, we don't care about the truth.The above eight words are the mistakes we are most likely to make. To be honest, not only ordinary people are like this, but also many religious people are like this. They should be firm in their faith, but according to experience, sometimes we have to laugh at them. I found that they were all "not virtuous, and not sincere in faith." He might not have a real understanding and belief in that religion, and it would be impossible for a person like this to teach him to be proud. Get carried away, forget yourself.It's not okay to let him down, "how can it be death"!He will get carried away again.In other words, I haven’t established a outlook on life, I don’t have a central idea, and some people suffer when they have nothing to do because of changes in the environment. , it doesn’t matter, otherwise, it will be very pitiful when living at home. This situation is what Zizhang said, “How can we achieve existence? "You have to have a central idea.Can be anywhere, calm and at ease.

Rong De is great Zizhang and Zixia were all classmates. After Confucius passed away, Zizhang was teaching, and Zixia was also teaching. Later, the school of Xunzi came from the school of Zixia.Zizhang and Zixia both had students, and one day something like this happened: The disciple of Zixia asked Zizhang.Zi Zhang said: "What is Zi Xia saying?"Confrontation: Zixia said: Give those who can, and refuse those who cannot.Zi Zhang said: "It is different from what I have heard. A gentleman respects the virtuous and tolerates others, but he is good at what he does but is reserved."Why can't I tolerate my great sage?If I am not good enough, people will reject me, so how can I reject others?

A student of Zixia, when he met his uncle (Zi Zhang’s youngest Zixia was four years old), he asked his uncle what is the way to make friends, and Zi Zhang asked in turn, what did your teacher tell you?Zixia's students said that our teacher taught us to keep friends with whom we can make friends, and to keep friends with whom we cannot make friends.Zizhang said, I'm sorry, but what I heard our teacher Confucius taught us was different from what your teacher taught you. (Zi Zhang is also quite good at speaking, he did not say that your teacher is wrong.) What I heard our teacher said is that one should respect the virtuous when one is in society and make friends, and those who are knowledgeable and moral are worthy of respect. Tolerate those who have no morals and no knowledge, encourage those who are good and have good deeds, and sympathize with those who are not good or bad.Assuming that I am a person with moral cultivation and knowledge, and I am a gentleman, which one can I not tolerate?If I am a bastard myself, then I don't have to reject people. If people hate me first, why should I reject others?

This passage is recorded very honestly, that is, both Zizhang and Zixia were students of Confucius.An education, an idea, will change drastically in the third generation.Just like the Three People's Principles, it is very difficult to take the exam until now.This is to say that when a knowledge is developed, when it reaches the second or third generation, the scope is expanded, and the direction is different. This is the first point of view.The second point of view is to see that Zizhang’s viewpoint is better than Zixia’s. The principle of being a human being should be like this. For those who are inferior to us, don’t hate him, but sympathize with him, and help as much as you can. He, even if he can't help, he must be tolerant and forgive others. If he is right, he must help others, and if he is wrong, he will not talk about it. Therefore, Zi Zhang's opinion is better than Zi Xia's.

Small tricks go a long way Zixia said: "Even though the path is small, there must be some who can be seen. If you go far, you will be afraid of mud, so a gentleman will not do it." This is the truth of learning and life cultivation.Zixia said that there are more than one kind of knowledge in the world of life. There are many small ways, such as playing chess, writing Chinese characters, composing poems, engraving seals, and even playing cards. The so-called small skills, but also learning, not simple, all are difficult, if you study in depth, you will achieve something.But why is it a trail?It means that a person’s spiritual thinking, if he does not set the goal in front of him, and only grasps a small achievement as a big question, he will be trapped, as if he has fallen into a mud pit and cannot get up. Therefore, a gentleman does not take the small path, but walks Dalu, but now the times are different, and this matter is also difficult to talk about. For example, stereotyped essays are also small ways, but modern youth can't even do small ways well.

When it comes to self-cultivation in life, no matter what kind of knowledge you are a man of, you must be able to get into it, go beyond it, and don't be trapped by it.Therefore, on the other hand, for playing chess, playing cards, etc., those who can get inside, go outside, and not be trapped by it cannot be regarded as knowledge.If it is trapped, it becomes "Zhiyuan Fear of Mud".There is a child of a friend who is studying in university, and his grades are very good, his articles are also good, and his writing is also good.My friend also thought his son's calligraphy was not good, and asked me to persuade his child to learn calligraphy.I told him that the era of typewriters has come, and that a pen costs more than a thousand yuan, an ingot of ink costs more than two thousand yuan, and a piece of rice paper costs hundreds of yuan. Must be good at calligraphy?It is exactly: "To wear down the heroic spirit of a hundred generations, and the eight-legged essay in the palace style poetry and books." The palace style script is also known as the palace style or the Taige style, which is the font written in front of the emperor. Now the printing industry calls it "block script". "of.These are trails.But now it is very pitiful, there is no real culture, and foreigners come to see Chinese culture, what should we show them?Go to the Palace Museum at every turn.When I arrived at the Palace Museum, I had an ashamed thought in my heart - to be honored by my ancestors!What can our generation show others?It’s really worth reflecting on ourselves. We only take calligraphy, painting, and music as culture, and we still can’t get it out now. , the problem is serious.Therefore, Zixia's small talk is also impressive, and I really feel a lot of regret about it. Learning is endless Zixia said: The sun is as it dies, and the moon never forgets what it can do. It can be said that it is easy to learn! This is what Zixia told his students to learn.When we saw these two points taught by Zixia to his students, we were really moved with emotion.Zixia said that a person should reflect on what he lacks every day. Everyone has something. Don't think that you are satisfied with a little knowledge, and you have to supplement and learn.Make up for what you don't have every day, one month after another, with the perseverance not to lose, not to forget what you have learned, so that you can really be said to be eager to learn, that is, to have perseverance. Zixia said: "Learn eruditely but be determined, ask earnestly and think deeply, and benevolence is in it." Zixia said that a person needs to be knowledgeable, but the more knowledgeable one is, the less centered one’s thoughts will be.Everyone should study this point and pay special attention, especially those who engage in thinking.Not only in today's society, but intellectuals in ancient and modern China and abroad are all the same. People with profound knowledge lose their center of thought.But maybe my opinion is wrong. If you have profound knowledge, good character, and self-cultivation, then you must be a first-rate person. This kind of person is difficult to deal with. , ordinary intellectuals, there is nothing to be afraid of, they are very law-abiding.I often joke with my students, the future is yours, and you are still young, so I can't see it anymore.you When we do things in the future, if intellectuals make trouble, it is easy to deal with it. Give him a little more money, get a high-ranking official to do it for him, and then give him sensuality, and nothing will happen.Just look at the history, the emperors, dealing with literati is very simple, it is always this way, what kind of Hanlin Academy, what kind of bachelor, it is equivalent to a consultant, go to work to make a cup of tea to brag, then reward how much gold, and also give a few court ladies Give it to him, he doesn't have the energy to make trouble anymore, it's over, it's easy to arrange.For people, learning is not necessarily valuable, but literati have knowledge, and they like to bark most.For decades, our society has been in chaos like this, and it is not ordinary intellectuals who are incapable of making trouble first.If you are dissatisfied with a certain person, you will use the excuse to make trouble, and as a result, a country has become like this.These people are really pitiful, they have no central idea, and most of them are extremely poor and dissatisfied everywhere. They are actually country bumpkins talking about the court.This is that erudition is not necessarily useful, erudition must be determined, have a center, firm will, build character, then knowledgeable, like a good seed, strong will is fertilizer, cultivate flowers and fruits.There is no inner center, the more profound the knowledge, the more dangerous the thinking, and feel that everything is reasonable and easily shaken, there should be only one truth, and you must find it, so you must be determined. "Question and close thinking", careful questioning is experience, listen more and ask more.But pay attention, middle-aged people can understand that with more life experience, it is easy to take two paths as a result: discouragement or resentment, feeling that you have been fooled for decades, and there is no truth in society. Experience requires close thinking, true thinking and knowledge, and experience of life experience is enough.Close thinking has two meanings, one is that thinking should have a center, and the other is not thinking too far and far, but close to the actual thinking. There is nothing too lofty in life, and there is no need to look outside. We know that Mr. Zhu Xi wrote a book The book is called "Jinsilu", which is the meaning of this sentence.Zixia educates students, if they can do these two sentences, then the center of the knowledge of "benevolence" advertised by Confucius will be there. Harmonious and versatile Zixia said: A hundred craftsmen live in places to accomplish their work, and a gentleman learns to achieve his way. Zixia said that all kinds of craftsmen in the society must have a crafting site, so that they can concentrate on their work.To study, intellectuals must first understand that academic knowledge is one thing, and through knowledge there is another thing to be established. This thing has no name, and it is called Tao.All knowledge is learned for the Tao, and knowledge and learning are for cultivating the Tao, and knowledge is not the Tao. What is "Tao"?This issue is like "benevolence", and it will become big and troublesome when discussed.We can simply divide it into three aspects: it has its body, its form, and its function.The body is the center, the metaphysical.Form is its phenomenon. For example, all the behaviors and thoughts about life mentioned in the Four Books are all forms of Dao, and this form is used to achieve the purpose of life.This is a simple explanation of the body, appearance, and use of "Tao".If strictly speaking it is too much, I will not play it here. Zixia said: The faults of villains must also be written. When it comes to the cultivation of life, the four words "wenguoshiwei" are often used in Chinese literature later, and their origin is here.If I have made a mistake, cover it up and cover it up.Zi Xia said, a villain always finds a way to give a set of reasons for his own faults to cover up his faults. A gentleman admits his mistakes when he is wrong. The so-called faults of a gentleman are like the eclipse of the sun and the moon. Similarly, occasionally there is a little dark shadow, which everyone can see, but it will pass after a while, and the original light will still be lost. Zixia said: A gentleman has three changes, look at him with dignity, even if he is warm, and listen to his words, he is also harsh. This is what the following commentary once mentioned in praise of Confucius.He said that a person with a high degree of self-cultivation is a gentleman, who has three disguises: he looks inviolable, but when he gets close to him, he is very gentle and full of emotion, but listening to him, even though he jokes, he is The content of the speech is very solemn and inviolable.This is about a highly cultivated person.In the above discussion, there are synonyms of these three sentences used to describe Confucius, and he will mention it again here, emphasizing the typical example of a gentleman's learning. shallow friendship Zi Xia said: A gentleman believes and then works for his people; if he does not believe, he thinks he is harsh on himself.Believe it and then remonstrate, if you don't believe it, you will think it is slandering yourself. This place, Zixia, teaches the students the principles of how to behave in the world in the future. The above two sentences are about how to be a leader, and the following two sentences are about the attitude that a "servant" should have when he is a cadre of others.He said that a gentleman wants to command the people below. When they need to do things, they must first establish their belief in themselves. When they have faith in themselves, and then ask them to do things. do it.When his subordinates did not have faith in him, he would think that he was asking for trouble if he asked them too much.Before a leader builds confidence with the cadres, although he thinks of a way for the interests of the cadres, the cadres misunderstand that you are using them and harming their rights and interests.The psychology of ordinary people is like this, people are the most difficult to deal with, so we must treat people with faith, and this is the key to faith. The second point is to explain that as a senior cadre, before making suggestions to the chief executive, he must first estimate whether he has established trust in the hearts of the leaders, and truly have trust in himself, and then make appropriate decisions based on the degree of trust. That's right.If the chief doesn't trust him enough, he will often get the opposite result if he puts forward good opinions. Instead, the superior will misunderstand and suspect that you are slandering him and opposing him. This is a big problem.When we read history, we even read that Tang Taizong's opinions were often rejected by ministers like Wei Zheng and Fang Xuanling.Some people say that Wei Zheng and Fang Xuanling are great, but Tang Taizong is even more remarkable. If Wei Zheng hadn't met such a good boss, he would have been suspected a long time ago.Tang Taizong is Tang Taizong after all, he can trust ministers and tolerate the objections of ministers.Why did Zhang Liang find Liu Bang instead of other bosses?It's still Liu Bang's greatness, and he obeyed his words. This all shows that there must be mutual trust between the chief and his subordinates, the respect and trust of the subordinates to the superior, and the trust of the superiors to the subordinates, in order to achieve great achievements.If there is not enough mutual trust and no sincere communication of emotions and thoughts, the problem will be serious. Grand Lines and Subsections Zi Xia said: Great virtues do not exceed leisure time, but small virtues can come and go. We should pay attention, these two sentences are said by Zi Xia, and many people usually misquote Confucius.It can be seen in the southwest and northwest regions of the mainland in the past. The door of some caves can be blocked by a wooden frame. It is not afraid of thieves, but only to prevent cattle and sheep from running out, so it is called "idle".Zixia advocates that great virtues and great principles should not exceed the scope, and should not be easily changed. Everyone has small problems, so don't blame them too much.It's good that people can do this.Then Ziyou said: Ziyou said: Zixia's disciples, my son, should be used as a sweeper to deal with advance and retreat.Zixia heard it and said, "Hey!Words go too far!Who is the first to pass on the way of a gentleman?Who will be tired later?For example, plants and trees can be distinguished from each other!How can the way of a gentleman be falsely accused?Those who have a beginning and a death are only saints! Speaking of this, it records the teaching of Zixia.After Confucius died, Zixia gave lectures on this stage in Hexi.His classmate Ziyou said that the young students taught by Zixia, "It's okay to be a sweeper and respond to advance and retreat." Education is a consistent tradition of Chinese culture for three thousand years.If a foreigner asks about our Chinese cultural education, what was the purpose of education in the past?We are not education experts, and the theories that experts say are theirs. Let’s be honest, the education in China in the past mainly taught the education of personality first, that is, the education of life.America also talks about life Education, but life education in the United States is matched with occupation and making money, while our life education in the past is matched with the establishment of personality. No matter what we do in the future, personality must first be established.This is the education of Chinese culture.Now our education follows the West. The so-called life education is the American style of life education. The children who are taught should be able to find a job, have food, and earn a living as the first priority.There is a big difference among them, and this is a big problem in education.Of course, things will change in the future. In my opinion, things must change, and nothing will change.Society will naturally change it. China's culture for thousands of years is not accidental. When it reaches a certain situation and stage, it will naturally change. In the past, when children entered school, the first education they received was "sweeping, coping, advancing and retreating". "San Sweep" means sweeping the floor, doing cleaning and sanitation, etc. We now have elementary and middle schools, which seem to be the same as ancient education, but they are actually different.The education system we learned from Western culture has changed, and the three separate departments are academic affairs, discipline, and general affairs.It is equivalent to a political system, where the three powers are separated, the three are not connected, and the result is that all three fail.Academic affairs only teach knowledge without teaching questions; teaching is empty; what about general affairs?Subconsciously thought it was for money.It has become like this, which shows that our entire education system has not been reviewed, so students generally have a bad impression of the school.There are still many trivial things in the middle. For example, when the teacher gives the order to clean up, no one does it well.I often say that it is difficult to do general affairs. A good general affairs is the talent of the prime minister. Xiao He in the Han Dynasty was in charge of general affairs.For the subject of general affairs, there is a Department of Home Economics in the school (this translation is not good, it is actually the Department of Internal Affairs.) to train internal affairs personnel.But the general affairs are always difficult to do well.In any organization or organization, problems are found as soon as they go to the toilet, and it is impossible for the general affairs manager to visit every flush toilet, which shows the difficulty of general affairs management.As for sweeping, today's young people don't even know how to sweep the floor. Although middle and elementary schools have to sweep the floor, they get the broom and wave it, but the dust is flying all over the sky. They smear the dust on the table, turn around and wipe it on the wall. They don't even sweep it. Learn, life education is really not easy.The second "response" is even more problematic.Today's students hardly know how to respond. If you ask him: "What's your surname?" he will answer: "My surname is X." "Where is your house?" He will say: "I go to a certain place in my house." No more, that's the big problem.In the end, "advance and retreat" is even more difficult. Should I take something?Should one thing be done?It is a university question, and you should start teaching it when you are young.If you are ordered to pay New Year's greetings to your elders, when you arrive at a relative's or friend's house, where should you stop or sit?where to standwhere to sitBetween advancing and retreating, one must pay attention to education in the principles of being a human being, and now these are gone.Ancient education started from sweeping, coping, advancing and retreating. The ancient Chinese etiquette, the etiquette of the Duke of Zhou, goes to elementary school at the age of six, and the primary school learns from this standard of life; furthermore, it learns characters at the age of eight and ten; and enters the university at the age of eighteen, which is to learn from adults.Therefore, in Chinese culture, at the stage of elementary school, one seeks the knowledge of being a human being. To cultivate a person first, and then to talk about advanced self-cultivation, is the way to a university. This is the line of our Chinese cultural education in the past. Now we see that this era is really pitiful and bad. "Sweeping, coping, advancing and retreating" are all gone. It is very serious. This can't be blamed on the school, almost everyone has to blame themselves, because now we are doing neither Chinese nor Western, Neither today nor ancient.It’s okay if it’s completely westernized. Westerners are still quite polite. Although some have disheveled hair, like hippies, he still has a way of treating people and is very polite. Maybe he only comes in a pair of rubber slippers, but there is no need for Americans. These, because they are very economical. In terms of hair, American children rarely go to a barber shop once a year. Ordinary housewives do it by themselves. They are not cultured if they don't dress well at ordinary times, but they are very particular when they attend social banquets.Everyone has a set of manners, but the poor young people of our generation have nothing, so our generation must be especially considerate of the next generation.This is a general introduction to "sweeping, response, advance and retreat". If we talk about the history of traditional Chinese "sweeping, response, advance and retreat" in detail, we can publish a special book. Ziyou criticized Zixia, saying that Zixia runs education, and the students he teaches are barely okay with "sweeping, coping, advance and retreat", but this is a trivial problem, and he hasn't taught them the fundamentals.The appearance is well taught, but there is no content, what should I do?His words reached Zixia's ears, and Zixia said, my old classmate's requirements are too harsh and too much.Where should I start?Which one to put last?And which ones should be given up?In other words, those who run education to train the next generation must observe the situation and set up education.Basically, it is necessary to complete a personality, do a good job in appearance, and after understanding "sweeping, coping, advancing and retreating", you will gradually achieve heart.For example, when planting plants and trees, there must be a distinction and they cannot be mixed.Similarly, to educate students, there must be a natural classification of the qualifications of talents.If teaching is poured down like rain, the amount of rain absorbed by green vegetables and the amount of rain absorbed by big trees are different, and there must be a difference because of the different nature of the educated.In any case, those engaged in education certainly hope that the next generation will be good, but basic education is the most important thing. Although it pays attention to form, form must also be taught well. How can you just say that it is useless?As for going further, from life education to the highest point of spiritual education, it is not possible for us to do it. It takes a sage to teach people to immediately realize the true meaning of "Tao". Learning and career Zixia said: If you are a good official, you will learn; if you are good at learning, you will be an official. Pay attention to these two sentences, which have since become one of the central ideas of Chinese culture. I have a lot of emotions when I talk about them here.In the past, our Chinese culture followed the line of these two sentences. When we look at the history, we find it very cute. People in the past said that "no one asks for ten years, and once you become famous, the world knows." Fame, became an official, and became famous all over the world.But after becoming an official, he never left his studies and was still studying. Everyone has a study. In his spare time, he lived alone in the study and made continuous progress. This is the cuteness of the ancients. Higher, but also continue to study. "A person who is good at learning is an official." If you have a high level of knowledge, you will of course come out to do things for the people of the world.However, from the perspective of modern decades, there is only "study and excellence can lead to official career". play cards.Some bought thread-bound books such as the Twenty-Five Histories. I was worried that they would be eaten by bookworms in the future because they were all playing cards. I deeply feel that the atmosphere of an era is precious. We must set an example for the next generation. We have already harmed ourselves and the society. We must never harm the next generation. Train the next generation well so that the future of the country can see a bright future. For the future, our generation can no longer be sloppy.In history, when Sima Guang became such a great official, it was he who wrote the books. When he retired, he wrote and read books in his spare time. The classics of the ages are not simple.The fad of reading is gone now.I just said a joke, "A student who is excellent in learning is an official, and an official who is excellent is a brand." Now this trend has passed again, it is no longer a "brand", and an official is a "dance". There are many tricks.This means that the atmosphere of reading in society is indeed very important.Secondly, I have another great emotion. Those who ran education in the past were just victims. It is indeed a sacrifice to spend a lifetime in education.The status of the students taught by many people is very high. When I come back to see the teacher, they still kowtow. Why are the students like this?It is the teacher's responsibility for education and the lifelong gratitude of the students.It’s not the case now. If you are good at learning, you will be in business. After reading the book, you will start a business. ", turn around and teach!How did this happen?I am speaking the truth.This was indeed the case in the past few years. Seeing this situation, I feel a lot of emotion in the education field.The trend of the times has become like this. We should deeply reflect on these two words of Zixia. What should we do in today's society, the so-called Chinese culture and Chinese education? From the cultural assets, we can see that there are too many works by famous officials of the past dynasties.As for famous people, they don't necessarily have high status, and they are big officials.For example, Zheng Banqiao and Yuan Mei in the Qing Dynasty, their official positions were only county magistrates, and they did not want to be high-ranking officials. After becoming county magistrates, they resigned at a young age. Works have had a huge impact.But now, we seem to have no such spirit.Now we are talking about Chinese culture every day, but the spirit of Chinese cultural people—intellectuals—has changed.Recently, many young students have discussed the issue of writing. I told them that the current education, from elementary school to university, has indeed wasted a lot of energy in studying for more than ten years, and they are all dealing with exams.The children are really pitiful, and the things memorized by brain power will disappear after the exam. Whether these knowledge are useful or not will be a big problem in the future, at least in the history of culture and education. We may not feel it now, but History is a balance, and the future will be used to calculate the ledger. Today's young students spend their brains on unnecessary memories, but after college, when they start to really study, they already lack this energy, and they can't calm down , no habit of reading.When we were studying back then, we tried our best to absorb and put it in. Of course, it also inspired our own thoughts, but we didn’t worry about dealing with these memories like we did for exams. Instead, we read very easily. All the books I read before have come into play.Especially when it comes to being a human being, it is really useful to give full play to what you have absorbed before.Today’s young friends, it can be said that they have never really read a book, and in recent years, elementary school children have much more knowledge than children twenty years ago, but it really teaches them to make up their minds about learning. He just can't do it.So we can predict that in the future, our country and nation will deeply feel that this issue will do more harm than good, and it will be very painful.This is associated with the two words "A good official is one who learns, and one who is good at learning is an official". Besides, "If you are an excellent official, you will learn, and if you are an excellent student, you will be an official." The ancients not only read books, but also integrated work experience and knowledge, so they wrote valuable works and prepared to spread them.When we look at the valuable works of the ancients, such as Chinese political philosophy, we absolutely cannot do without "Guanzi".However, the book "Guanzi" was not written casually just to get a degree or to be famous like we are now, but from his life experience, and even from his famous "One World, Nine Times" Join the feudal lords.”——This is what Confucius said about him.Guan Zhongyuan was a criminal who broke the law. After Qi Huangong appointed him, he was able to join the princes.International relations at that time were more difficult than it is now, but he was able to hold nine international joint conferences, and everyone insisted on listening to him. He did not use atomic bombs to oppress others, nor did he use oil to control others. In chaotic times, leadership is on track.So Confucius admired him very much.With such a lifetime of work, he only wrote the book "Guanzi".However, later generations studied the content of this book and believed that it was really written by him, but three to four out of ten, six to seven out of ten were added by others, or later generations pretended to him, or his brains at the time The characters are added.But no matter what, this book is very important to China's political and cultural thoughts, and it can be said to be earlier than Confucius' thoughts.He only wrote one book based on his life's experience, which shows that the ancients were extremely cautious in their writings.There is also a "Book of Shang Jun". The reason why the Qin State before Qin Shihuang became so strong was because of Shang Yang's reform.Since Qin State adopted Shang Yang, it has always advocated the rule of law.Whether this book is true or not, we don't care about it, but it is very important in the political thought of Chinese legalists, and these books are indispensable if you want to study ideological struggle.We ordinary people have accepted foreign philosophical thoughts more than our own philosophical thoughts over the past few decades, and read more foreign-bound books than thread-bound books. This is also a big problem.The Manchu Qing Dynasty entered the pass to fight against the Ming Dynasty, and they used one of them. Although this statement is too general, it is too despised the Qing Dynasty, but it is generally the same.Although it is a novel, it includes too many diplomatic, political, economic, military, and strategic ideas.In the Second World War, before the Japanese invaded China, almost all the people in Japan were reading "The Art of War" and "The Art of War". This is worthy of our attention, but very few of our young people have read these novels. up. 我们研究文化斗争，一定要把别人的根挖出来，所谓知己知彼，百战百胜。挖出了敌人的根在什么地方，然后知道他下一步是怎么走，知道他必然是什么路线，而且实际上历代讲统治的人，内在都是用法家的思想与原则。虽然商鞅变法自己是失败了，而这部《商君书》，他和《韩非子》等这些法家的著作一样，在中国政治的运用上，都是很重要的典籍。假使研究斗争的手段，在这些书里，可以找出来的例证太多了，是用不完的。 这也就是说明了“仕而优则学”，一方面工作服务求经验，一方面不断求学，增加学识的渊博以开拓心胸，再配合自己为人处世的实验，而产生的学问，这是中国文化讲学以致用的精神。但是现在和学人文科学的学生们谈谈，真觉得悲哀，连自己中国的历史都没有学好，只学了研究历史的方法，而中国古人读历史不是走这个路子，读懂了以后，自然知道方法，现在更可悲哀的，有中国学生去美国研究中国学问，如中国史、中国文学等，或是只研究一节中国断代史的某一点，就拿到了学位，想想看这该多可怜！这个样子读历史，学位是有了，而对于历史与人生的配合则不晓得。这也是我们要注意的，将来对后代的教育，对自己工作与处世的方面，也许会有新的认识。所以“仕而优则学，学而优则仕。”这两句话，我们今天读来，是有无限的感慨。