Chapter 35 Tiny Eighteenth-1

Now let's talk about "The Eighteenth Chapter of Tiny", which has a corresponding effect with the eighth chapter "Tabo". It can also be said that these two articles are continuous. The article "Tabo" is the one close to the conclusion of the above theory, and the article "Trinius" is close to the conclusion of the next theory.The records in this article are all related to Confucius' theories and thoughts at that time, so there are far fewer places where Confucius' words are completely used in the records.Instead, it records some personal histories related to Confucian thought.This article can be studied quickly, but the questions in this article are very important.

Let me talk about the problem of this article first.The title of this article is "Weizi", and Weizi, Jizi, and Bigan were all ministers of King Zhou when King Wen and King Wu of Zhou were about to revolutionize, and they were all famous loyal ministers in history.Jizi was later enshrined in Goryeo, which is now North Korea, so Korean culture is the legacy of our Chinese culture, and the Korean nation can also be said to be the descendants of Jizi.At that time, Jizi spread the Yin and Yang, Eight Diagrams, Five Elements, Heavenly Stems, and Earthly Branches of Chinese culture to Korea, so the Korean national flag uses the four hexagrams in the Eight Diagrams: "Qian, Kun, Kan, and Li".It represents the sky, the earth, the sun, and the moon. It can also be said that it is the spirit of Chinese culture.This is what Jizi passed on.The Weizi, Jizi and Bigan mentioned here are the nobles of the Yin and Shang Dynasties and the respected relatives of King Zhou.Why are they mentioned first, and the final conclusion of this article mentions that the Zhou Dynasty could rise, "there were eight scholars in Zhou", eight great people who assisted the rise of the Zhou Dynasty, and Jiang Taigong has not been mentioned among these eight scholars , Zhou Gong, they are not within the eight scholars.In the middle of this article, there are many hermits mentioned. The hermits were not necessarily from the time of Yin and Zhou, but many belonged to the contemporaries of Confucius. The editorial line of the whole article is like this.If you look at this book on the surface, especially after the "May 4th Movement", many people think that it is supporting the autocratic leaders, so there are various slanders.In fact it is not the case.But there is one point, on the surface, many of them are anti-Confucius.The so-called "anti" is our modern way of saying, in fact, it is related to Confucius' point of view, at least from two aspects, which are honestly recorded here.Therefore, when we read books, sometimes we must not be deceived by superficial words.

Secondly, we need to study why this book is edited in this way?First, it explains that creating history and creating an era is entirely a matter of "people", which is equivalent to saying that heroes can create an era.When there are talents in an era, the era prospers; when talents decline, the era ends.The second point is the issue of employing people. A leader who can identify talents and cultivate talents will be successful in his career. If he does not know talents and does not know how to cultivate talents, his career will definitely fail.The third point is about individuals. This is a very serious problem, at least in the past. It is hard to say how society will change in the future.In the past era, personal origin was very important, that is, the first step to stand out

It is very important, so some people will be hermits all their lives. Hermits and History and Culture Some people say that the hermits in China in the past are the ideas that liberals in Western culture "disagree with". He does not object, anyway, individuals are detached and independent.This analogy seems to be correct on the surface, but in fact it is not quite correct, because among ordinary Chinese intellectuals, those who follow the hermit route are not indifferent to the affairs of the country and the world, but are very concerned, perhaps too much, I often stand away from myself, but standing away doesn't mean I don't care.In Indian thinking, one must become a monk and go to practice Taoism.Leave everything alone; Chinese hermits are not of this kind of mind.When we study Chinese hermits, every one has an absolute opinion about the real political society.

relationship, but the method adopted is always to help others from the side, but I don’t want to stand in the middle, or help his friends, help his students, help others succeed, and never stand up.In every era that China created in the past, we saw many such people. The most famous example is that when Zhu Yuanzhang founded the country in the Ming Dynasty, he was able to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty. Of course, a few Taoist hermits contributed in the middle. Liu Bowen stood up from the front, but he didn’t stand up behind him. One, such as Zhou Dian pretending to be crazy, and the other is Taoist Iron Crown, which is famous. Zhu Yuanzhang has written biographies for them himself.The official history is not recorded, because the official history is compiled by Confucianists. They think these people are too amazing, and these materials are not written in the official history.Especially Zhou Dian is even weirder. He is neither a monk nor a Taoist priest. He is crazy alone, and he has a very good friendship with Zhu Yuanzhang. Whenever Zhu Yuanzhang has a problem that cannot be solved, he suddenly appears and tells him to solve it. way.Once Zhu Yuanzhang tested him. Zhou Dian himself said that he would not die. Zhu Yuanzhang steamed him in a steamer. After steaming for a long time, he opened it and saw that he had taken a Turkish bath.From then on, Zhu Yuanzhang told his subordinates not to neglect Zhou Dian, he was a strange man.People like this also belong to the first-class figures of the famous hermit thinking.

In the past, a man of virtue in China could not come out to interfere in real affairs, but he was very enthusiastic and hoped that the country would be peaceful and the common people would live well.When the world is peaceful and successful, his shadow can no longer be found, and he doesn't want anything.In ancient Chinese history, there were many such people.Of course, the positive history is not easy to see. From the negative history, we can see many people. Almost every dynasty has these people.Take Wang Yangming as an example. He has encountered many strangers whose lives and concepts are different from ordinary people.

In this article, it is explained that although they are hermits, they stand away when they know that the times cannot be saved, but they are not passively escaping. It is tantamount to retaining the spirit of culture, cultivating the next generation, and waiting for the next generation.The most famous, such as Wang Tong in the Tang Dynasty, I have mentioned many times, his students privately posthumously named him "Wen Zhongzi" after his death.When he was Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty, he originally wanted to be in the world, and he wanted to do it himself, but after talking with Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty and looking around, he knew it was not good, so he went back to give lectures and train the younger generation.So when Tang Taizong founded the country, the founding fathers of the Tang Dynasty, such as Li Jing, Xu Shiji, Fang Xuanling, and Wei Zheng, were almost all civil servants and generals.

He is his student, so Wen Zhongzi is the most credited for creating the cultural thought of the Tang Dynasty.However, we read the history of the Tang Dynasty, and there is no biography of him, so later generations still doubt whether Wen Zhongzi's deeds are true, otherwise why is there no biography of him?Finally, after textual research, it turns out that Wen Zhongzi's son offended Tang Taizong's brother-in-law. Put your thoughts into it.Therefore, after Wen Zhongzi's death, his posthumous title was given to him privately by the ministers of the court, that is, his students.The famous story of "Zibini Mountain" in history is that not only his disciples, but also himself compares himself to the contemporary Confucius.In fact, in terms of merit, he may be luckier than Confucius, because Confucius trained three thousand disciples, but he did not see a person's achievements in merit, while Wen Zhongzi trained the next generation of young people for decades. People, created the national destiny and culture of the Tang Dynasty.

This kind of thinking also belongs to the thoughts of hermits. They know that the times are irreversible, so they don't force themselves to do it, and they don't become the "mainstay" of Confucianism. People should have the spirit of a mainstay, but can the current be restored?This is impossible. You can only spread the name of loyal ministers for yourself, but you can't really contribute to the society of the times.Taoism says to "respond to the trend", and the actions of this kind of people have formed the hermits of later generations.This article records many hermits. What Confucius met at that time was that Confucius was deflated in front of them, and it was also Confucius who confronted them head-on. This conflict was not a quarrel, but a conflict of opinions and humorous thinking. It can be seen that they also knew Confucius very well. , I also think that there is nothing wrong with Confucius' approach, and each goes his own way. This is the fourth point of this article.

In conclusion, this article has two key points: the first point is a point of view of historical philosophy, and the second point is one's own attitude towards life, one's own outlook on life, philosophy of life, and which route to take.Although this kind of concept and thinking is not mentioned in the text of this article, in fact it is such a spirit. We have studied the whole article, and it should be a good reference for ourselves. It can be used as a reference .After reporting the spirit and key points of this article, it will be easier to study it later. Unlike the previous articles, where every sentence has to be developed a lot, here almost every concept has been fully developed.Now we come to this article.

all birds fly high Weizi went away, Jizi became his slave, and Bigan died admonishing him.Confucius said: Yin has three benevolences! This is when Yin Zhou caused the revolution of the Western Zhou Dynasty.Everyone knows that King Zhou was a very tyrannical person. Due to the influence of a long culture, he still has many loyal ministers, but a few people suggested to him, (In ancient times, it was "remonstrance" for the bottom to the top, and "persuasion" for the top to the bottom, which is commonly used in modern times. It’s a “suggestion”.) However, King Zhou was immoral and refused to listen to these suggestions. He abolished Weizi and left the clan. Later, Weizi’s descendants were entrusted to Song by the Zhou Dynasty, which was the Song State during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.This is the characteristic of Chinese culture, "prosper and destroy the country, and continue to be peerless".The Zhou Dynasty rose up for revolution, and after its success, it did not exterminate the descendants of King Zhou. It must also find out the descendants of the previous dynasty so that they could inherit the incense of their ancestors.Jizi was the uncle of King Zhou, who was also reduced to slavery. Jizi still survived, and took the culture of Yin and Shang, and crossed the sea from Liaodong to North Korea.Bigan was killed by King Zhou.These three people were loyal ministers in the era of King Zhou, but they met such a tyrannical monarch.When the decline of the times is irreversible, people walk away, those who are locked up are locked up, and those who die die.Confucius believed that these were loyal ministers in ancient times. Although they themselves died, they have left an example for the spirit of national culture forever.Therefore, they are called the three benevolent men of the Yin and Shang Dynasties, people who made benevolence and obtained righteousness. Next, let’s talk about Liu Xiahui. People in the state of Lu, everyone knows that Liu Xiahui "doesn't mess around in his arms". We don’t need to cite other examples from others, but Liu Xiahui’s best side is not his best side. His best side is here: Liu Xiahui was a judge and deposed three times.The man said: "Is it possible for the son to go?"Said: "Being straight and dealing with people, how can you go without three dismissals?"Why go to the state of parents if you serve people in vain? As a judge, Liu Xiahui is equivalent to the official in charge of criminal law, and can barely be compared to the modern minister of justice or the president of the Supreme Court.He came to power three times and was dismissed three times, so someone said to him, why does your husband have to work in the country of Lu, go abroad!If your own country does not want you, why do you have to do it? You may have a better status in other countries.Liu Xiahui replied that a person who walks the straight way all his life, thinks, behaves, and does things completely straight, walks the right way to be a subordinate of others, and works in any country and society will have problems, suffer losses, and be squeezed out. down.If you have a distorted mind, use means to gain status, take fame and wealth as glory, and don't really want to do things for the country and society, then why leave your parents' country?The ancestors are all here, and they can do things in the same way.In other words, no matter where you are, never go astray, but take the right path, which is equally difficult in any society.This is where Liu Xiahui's character is. In order to implement the idea of ​​personality, to implement the traditional culture, he treats people with the right way, conducts himself in the world with the right way, and ignores fame and wealth. It is a matter outside the body, and he doesn't care about it. This is his personality.Here we record his affairs first, and Confucius will mention him later. Why put the matter of Liu Xiahui behind the records of Weizi, Jizi, and Bigan?Liu Xiahui was not from the time of Yin and Zhou, but from the time of Confucius during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. He may have been a little earlier, a few years older than Confucius, but he was already a famous figure in the world. Here we will first record his affairs. These few words of Liu Xiahui also explained the matter of the first three people.Therefore, the ancient Chinese prose, such as the article, looks like a legal article, one by one, it seems that it can't be connected. In fact, if you read it carefully, it is a long article, and the connection is very good.In other words, Weizi, Jizi, Bigan, and some are willing to kill themselves to become benevolent, such as Bigan; when they are driven out, they leave If you are a slave, you are like a weizi; if you are a slave, you are a slave, like a Jizi.Why don't they bend it?If you change your attitude a little bit and flatter them, you will make good use of them, not to mention they are from the royal family.But why don't they do it?This shows that whether it is good for an individual to be a human being, or to be an ordinary person in the country and society, in principle, personality is important.On the other hand, if you serve people in the wrong way, you can do it anywhere. If you insist on serving people in the right way and straight way, why leave?So quoting these few words of Liu Xiahui is equivalent to making an annotation for the above three people. This is the editor's method. Wang Buliuxing Qi Jinggong treated Confucius and said: "If Ji's family, then I can't, treat him as between Ji and Meng."Said: I am old!Can not be used also.Confucius line. Confucius traveled around the world and came to the state of Qi. At that time, the king of the state (that is, the princes of the state of Qi, we call him the king is a borrowed term.) It was the time of Duke Jing. At one time, his prime minister was the famous The dwarf Yanzi——Yan Ying, this person has good moral character and good knowledge. He is a famous prime minister in history, a great loyal minister, and he is also very noble and good in everything. He has written a book by himself—" Yanzi Chunqiu".Guan Zhong, another famous minister who was earlier, was also a minister of the Qi State, and he wrote "Guan Zi". These two books are now being circulated.After Confucius arrived in Qi State, Qi Jinggong originally wanted to use Confucius, but Yan Zi disagreed, fearing that he would Therefore, I cannot gain a foothold in Qi State.However, the information on this issue is not very sufficient. Whether Yan Zi is such a jealous person is a question.Secondly, it involves the issue of Qi Jinggong himself, but it is said in history that Qi Jinggong was influenced by Yan Zi, but it should be noted that the diplomatic relations between Qi State and Lu State were not very good at that time, so a war was caused later, and Qi State prepared to If Lu was defeated, Lu would definitely not be able to defeat Qi. At this time, Confucius was very anxious and hesitant about the crisis of his own country, and planned to go abroad by himself to find a way in the world.Later, Zigong stepped forward and traveled around the world, turning the entire international situation around. At that time, Qi Jinggong was very kind to Confucius, but he could not be used. The so-called unusable was a diplomatic rhetoric. Qi Jinggong did not tell Confucius to his face: "Mr., you are amazing. I want to use you, but I can't use you!" It's too embarrassing, he won't do that, and he can only use others to reveal it, so Qi Jinggong said, "If Ji's family, I can't." This Ji's family is the Ji family of Lu State.But the Ji family treated Confucius very well, and the students of Confucius' class also worked a lot under the Ji brothers. Although the Ji family complimented Confucius, they did not reuse him.Now Jing Gong revealed the words to Confucius. I can’t treat Confucius like the Ji family. Not reusable nor cold, just right.Qi Jinggong also explained the reason for adopting this attitude. He only said that he was old and had no ambitions. In my ears, Confucius left that day. Looking at ancient records, the text is very simple, the most important of which is "I am old and can't use it." This sentence made Confucius leave immediately. If you write a novel, there must be many stories in it.Why did Confucius leave immediately?It can be seen that there are people on the left and right who are jealous and gossip from the sidelines. If Confucius does not leave immediately, someone may harm him. It can also be said that Qi Jinggong loves Confucius very much, because the environment formed by his own domestic political power and everything else is indeed not good. There is no way to use him, so he said: "I am old, and I can't use it." I had to hint him like this, so Confucius ran away quickly after hearing this. Why is this paragraph placed after the above two paragraphs?If you read it in an ordinary way, it will be useless to read it for a lifetime. If you read it from the perspective of history and life, the meaning and spirit of the above two paragraphs are the same. Resolutely go, the so-called "flying far away", there is no nostalgia.What is life for?In order to realize one's own ideals, in order to make contributions to society and mankind, never for real fame and wealth, even Tao Yuanming did not bend his waist for five buckets of rice. Country and beauty The above is the key to Confucius leaving Qi, and the following is why Confucius left Lu at that time: The people of Qi returned to the women's music, and Ji Huanzi accepted it. He stayed away for three days, and Confucius went. It turned out that the state of Qi wanted to send troops to attack the state of Lu. Before that, Confucius once served as a pirate. The princes of all countries were very afraid. If the state of Lu really used Confucius, it would be a disaster. Confucius was forced to step down, and at the same time, the domestic environment did not allow him to develop his ambitions, so he quit after working for three months.Later, in order to weaken the state of Lu, the state of Qi used female spies in modern terms and selected a group of very beautiful famous women (for female music) to send to Duke Ding of Lu. At that time, Confucius argued that it was unacceptable. Otherwise, Lu Dinggong is unreliable, and his will will be indulged, affecting the country.But Ji Huanzi, who was in power, took the initiative to accept Qi's female music first. Sure enough, The government stipulated that the morning court meeting must be held every day, and it was closed for three days in a row. Everyone went to see female music.Confucius saw this situation and knew that Qi State's move was very powerful, and the future of Lu State was over, so Confucius went abroad immediately. The two departures of Confucius to Lu and to Qi show that a person is very measured in whether he goes or stays. No worries about living issues, which is a big problem.In the past, every Chinese New Year, whether it was decoration or arty, many families would hang Zhu Bailu's "Family Governance Motto". Why come out to be an official? In modern times, it is called civil servants. The concept of current civil servants is indeed different from that of previous officials. Therefore, sometimes it is very inappropriate to compare modern civil servants with past officials.In the past, a scholar who had been in the cold for ten years, once he got a good name in the exam, it was really interesting. Even a small county magistrate had to beat the gong to clear the way when he came out, and the common people would avoid it. Sitting in a sedan chair was much more comfortable than a car.The smallest official is Dian Shi, who is barely equal to the current police chief and prison director in the county. This is a person in the establishment.Zaoli and the like are not included in the establishment, and it is up to the county magistrate to find a way to spend under the surplus item.In the past, in a county yamen, there were no more than ten or twenty people outside the establishment to handle affairs.For example, in the Kangxi era of the Qing Dynasty, there were only 17,000 officials across the country, from prime ministers to small local officials, and they did so many things.This issue is still worth studying today.At that time, there were only 10,000 to 20,000 out of 400,000,000 people who came out of the examination to become officials, which was indeed very honorable.Of course it is different now, he is a civil servant and serves others.But everyone still has a problem, that is, the concepts of civil servants and officials are always mixed together. If this point is really separated and clarified, then it will be easy to handle.Regrettably, after decades, this point has not been clarified, resulting in many political and social disputes. Speaking of this, we know that the ancients were very cautious about whether they should come out to be officials, the so-called origin of their background.Now our education has changed. Every one who is admitted is thinking about his own career. This is the influence of Americanization and Western culture. The so-called Dewey and others think that "life is education". Their education and life, Technology fits together.The cultural foundation of others is completely different from ours. We have not figured out our own cultural spirit today, nor have we figured out the spirit of others. Whether other people's things are suitable for our national conditions is still being tested today.The purpose of the students admitted today is for their careers. Since they are for their careers, being a doctor is a profession, and being a civil servant is also a profession. Below the profession, there is only a question of value, that is, how is the salary?First ask if it's worth it.In the past, our thinking never considered the issue of personal treatment. The so-called "being an official with the kingdom in mind", the good side is self-sacrifice.Why do you want to get power?It is to implement one's own ideals so as to do something for the country, that's all.In history, many ministers were very pitiful after death, like when Qin Hui murdered Yue Fei and ransacked his home, nothing was copied, only broken books. Such a spirit is a major issue worthy of our study. Phoenix is ​​not as chaotic as chicken What follows now is that after Confucius left Lu, he traveled around the world, working hard for culture and human thought everywhere. Chu Kuang received Yu, and sang to Confucius, saying: "Feng Xi!"Phoenix!For the decline of He De, those who have gone cannot be admonished, but those who come can still be pursued.That's all!That's all!Today's politicians are gone!Under Confucius, if you want to talk to him, you tend to avoid it, but you can't talk to him. Confucius hit a nail.Chu Kuang Jieyu is a Taoist figure, a famous madman in Chu State who pretends to be crazy.A madman is not a madman.In the past, madness was just indifference, a bit like hippies nowadays.The hippies who were popular in the United States a few years ago, the patriarchs they painted are all Chinese, two of them are Zen monks: Han Shan and Shide, with long hair and a broom; their grandfather.There are also Liu Ling and Ruan Ji from the Jin Dynasty who loved to drink. These people confessed and claimed to be their ancestors. This is a little superficial of their learning of Chinese culture.So Chu Kuang is not a lunatic, Jieyu is his name, and Taoist books are related to "Gao "Scholar's Biography" said that his surname was Lu, and Lu Jieyu said that he was Chu Kuang, and also a famous Taoist hermit, with very high knowledge and personality. When Confucius met him, he sang a song. The song was sung for Confucius on purpose. Yes, he didn't mention Confucius directly, but said "Feng Xi!Phoenix!What is the decline of virtue? "The ancients said that lin and phoenix sometimes represent the gentleman among people, or the world is absolutely peaceful. When the times are right, you can see the unicorn among animals and the phoenix among birds, but you can't see them in troubled times. But ordinary people in later generations I don’t think it’s right to call the giraffe a kylin without these two things. These two things are the symbols of Chinese culture. The other one is the dragon. Now Chu Kuang uses the phoenix to refer to it. Compared with Confucius, he said Phoenix!Phoenix!You are unlucky, what are you doing in this era?If you made a mistake in the past, forget it, and you can still correct it in the future.The meaning of these two sentences is very deep.Generally speaking, it can also be said that the history is wrong and cannot be recovered, but you should not miss the past history, you should create the future.However, he sang it to Confucius, which has a profound meaning. It is equivalent to saying to Confucius, you always want to save this era, but this cannot be saved!forget it!forget it!It is extremely dangerous to try to save this era at this time. If you want to go into politics at this time, you can avoid it.As soon as Confucius heard it, he knew it was not easy, so he stopped the car quickly and wanted to talk to him, but when this "madman" saw Confucius parking and knew that Confucius was coming to talk to him, he quickened his pace and slipped away. He couldn't talk to him because he was too lazy to discuss with Confucius. Chu Kuang is a well-known hermit, and he hit a big nail on Confucius. If he doesn’t appreciate Confucius, he wants to sing this song for Confucius. It can be seen that he has a heart, Confucius knows, Confucius understands him , came down to ask him for advice, but he walked away again.Hermits have been like this in history, and they have done many strange things, so I will stop here.This was the first hermit Confucius met who sang against him.In this article, all these naysayers come out.