Chapter 33 Yanghuo No.17-1

In terms of the twenty chapters in the whole book, the last few chapters are equivalent to the conclusion.In particular, the seventeenth chapter here is an extension of the seventh chapter of the above discussion, "Shuer", and most of what it talks about is the key points of Confucius' life and life, and later generations use it as a mirror.The ancients called borrowing a mirror. Ordinary people use mirrors to see whether their clothes and appearance are tidy. Life is to use the predecessors as a mirror to reflect oneself, which means imitating and being vigilant. The point of reference here is the source of life. In ancient books, the term "source" can be seen in many places, but few people use it now. It means the first step in life. How to start?The first step in life is very important, if the first step is wrong, it will be wrong forever.In history, there are many examples of this in individuals, so the source of life is a very important thing for intellectuals in the past.For example, Xin Qiji (Jiaxuan) in the Song Dynasty was a very outstanding figure in the history of the Song Dynasty. He was a little later than Yue Fei and almost at the same time as Zhu Xi. He was born in Shandong and was very knowledgeable.At that time, the Yuan Dynasty had not yet risen, and the north was occupied by the Jin people. He had a heroic spirit, civil and military skills.

All-rounder, not regulated by general customs, (in modern terms, it is a Taibao, but in essence it is not a modern Taibao with bad behavior.) At the age of nineteen, he was determined to serve the country, and many young people wanted to resist the Kingdom of Jin and restore the country. The land, but can call thousands of people to revolt, and then occupy the mountains to fight guerrillas.He once thought that a certain person had a general talent and recommended him to the Southern Song Dynasty. Unexpectedly, this person rebelled. After hearing the news, he single-handedly broke into the enemy's position and captured the traitor.From this incident, it seems that his martial arts courage is not simple.Later, he brought more than 10,000 people across the river and returned to the Southern Song Dynasty.But he and Yue Fei had the same ambition, every day he wanted to restore the country and drive away the Jin people. The Southern Song Dynasty never reused him, and became a famous poet.When it comes to literature and Song Ci, there is no one who does not mention him.

Let's just look at the origin of his life. When he was young, he was a "Caibao", full of heroic spirit, and versatile in both civil and military affairs.He fought guerrillas in the middle, and was able to bring tens of thousands of people across the river in the enemy's territory. He proposed several plans to restore the country to the Southern Song Dynasty, but the monarchs and ministers of the Southern Song Dynasty did not want to go north and did not adopt his ideas.Later, he became a famous writer and a famous Neo Confucianist.When he was an official in the Southern Song Dynasty, because of his high talent, he suffered a lot of blows and was dismissed several times. He was accused of being "lusty for money and lustful", but all of them were "there is a reason for the incident, and there is no evidence to investigate." He didn't care, and he stepped down as soon as he stepped down. .But every time there was a problem in the local area, a mutiny, or a political problem, he was appointed again and transferred to quell the chaos and rectify. After he went, he finished these things within a few months. It can be seen from this that the talent is great.We mention him today because he has always insisted on being upright, no matter what his superficial behavior is, his background is always upright.This can be seen a lot in his poems in his later years. Of course there are complaints among them, but from the standpoint of literature, his achievements are so high, his cultivation is good, and he is familiar with all three schools of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. Extenuating circumstances after all, is such a weirdo.If we study history seriously in modern times, it is also reasonable to encourage young people to follow the example of people like Xin Qiji.Let's talk about the word source, let's take a look at his words, one of which says: "The source is never complete, and the grandpa is returned in the back car; who knows that in the lonely empty mountain, there is an expert Fu Caiwei. Huang Ju Tender, evening scent branches, usually when picking flowers, the bees work hard, and the butterflies fly freely among the flowers." This is his work when he was older after he went to the south.Let's look at the first half of this poem. He said that the source of life is the first to stand out. It doesn't have to be the same for everyone, and everyone can be different.He cited the history of the Zhou Dynasty. King Wen found Jiang Taigong and treated him very politely. He immediately gave up his distinguished seat to Jiang Taigong, drove himself, and invited him back.The stability of the regime of the Zhou Dynasty for eight hundred years and the success of the king's industry were all planned by the Taigong.But in the same era, there were Boyi and Shuqi who didn't even want to be emperors. They fled to the end and starved to death in Shouyang Mountain. These are the two poems mentioned above: "Some people resigned and returned to their hometowns; Going to the examination room late at night.” People have different aspirations, some want to enter the WTO, some want to be born, some people face tens of millions of taels of gold, and don’t even look at it, some people see a mere few hundred yuan, and their eyes are bright. Provenance is different.

This is about the origin. From the perspective of pure literature, it is not a particularly good work. This is a word that involves theoretical thought in the literary realm, so it is one of the famous works in his collection. His words are also difficult to learn.When people mention writers, Su Dongpo is often mentioned first. He is lucky and famous.In terms of time, Su Dongpo was earlier than him and was his predecessor, but some people think that Xin Qiji's Ci surpassed Su Dongpo because of its different style.In Xin Qiji's life, he was a young son, a Taibao, and a guerrilla leader. He had tasted the life of an exiled army, served as a general, and served as a local political leader.

There are many things in this work, and the styles are completely different. Regarding the issue of origin, after the Song and Ming Dynasties, a new term became popular (of course, in the present view, it is a term from old literature.) It is called "out of the mountain", which is formed because of the atmosphere of respecting hermits and being a scholar.The so-called "clear water in the mountain spring, but turbid water in the mountain spring" in Du Fu's poem already has this meaning.Speaking of this, I think of a couplet written by my teacher, Mr. Yuan, in Lingyan Temple in Guan County.Lingyan Temple is close to the Guankou of Dujiangyan. In the pre-Qin period, Li Bing and his son, the prefect of Western Shu, built the Guankou—Dujiangyan. After the great water conservancy project in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, it took one or two thousand years to have the farmland water conservancy of the Land of Abundance in Chengdu.Therefore, in order to thank Li Bing and his son, the people of Sichuan built an Erlang Temple in Guankou, which will forever be left for future generations to worship with fragrance, magnificence, and endless respect.Teacher Yuan's first couplet is: "Irrigate tens of thousands of hectares of fertile land, the water in the mountain spring is clear, and the water in the mountain spring is clear, so you are next to the Qin Taishou." Nian and Hu monk Ajido".The second couplet is a Zen koan, so leave it alone.The Shanglian said, "The water in the mountain spring is clear, and the spring water in the mountain is clear." It is used to praise the achievements of Qin Taishou Li Bing and his son for thousands of years.

Why do we talk about Xin Qiji and his origin?Because most of the book "Yanghuo No. 17" talks about the origin of Confucius.If we memorize the concept of the four sentences in the first half of Xin Qiji's Ci, and then study half of the seventeenth chapter, we can use these four sentences of Xin Ci to draw the conclusion of the first half of this article .Now look at this article again. Yanghuo's ham Yanghuo wanted to see Confucius, but Confucius did not see him.Return to Confucius.When Confucius died, he went to worship him and met Zhu Tu.It is said that Confucius said: Come, let me speak with you.Said: Is it benevolent to cherish one's treasures and bewilder one's country?Said: No.Is it easy to work but loses time, can it be called Zhihu?Said: No.The sun and the moon are gone, and the years are not with me!Confucius said: promise, I will be an official.

Here "pig" should be written as "pig" a little more, and the sound of "斫" is pronounced as hoof.However, in modern Mandarin, it is pronounced as "tun", and it should be written as "pig", which means piglet, which is the roast suckling pig of Cantonese.Logically, this should be "pig", a hoof is equal to a ham. The appearance of Yanghuo is very similar to Confucius, so Confucius was mistaken for Yanghuo when he was between Chen and Cai, and they surrounded him and wanted to kill him.Yang Huo was a big villain and a treacherous minister in the state of Lu, but he was very capable. He always wanted to win over Confucius, and he had plans, so he wanted to see Confucius, but Confucius never met him and turned him away.Then one day he went to see Confucius, but he didn't see him, so he left a ham for Confucius.In ancient times, gift-giving was not as casual as it is now. Different classes have different methods and contents of gift-giving. It is equivalent to the gift of honor in international diplomatic etiquette. Because the class of the recipient is different, the category and level of the medal given are also different.This time, Yanghuo delivered Confucius' ham, which is a powerful move

——You don't see me, but I want to see you, you look down on me, but I look up to you, which makes Confucius difficult.what to do?From this incident, we can also know that Confucius, a sage, is not as dull as everyone imagines, and he also has his own way.Probably let his students do an intelligence first, inquire about Yang Huo's whereabouts, and go back to worship on the day when he is not at home. It is not impolite to leave a business card.Unexpectedly, he met Yang Ho again on the road, and Confucius had no choice but to meet him again.Yanghuo said to Confucius: "Come, let me speak with you." When we read this article, the ancient prose is very simple, but just like the vernacular, it shows Yanghuo's nonchalant demeanor.So he proposed to Confucius the first

The question is, there is a man who is full of economics, knowledgeable, and ambitious, like a baby in a bag, but when his country is in turmoil, he refuses to stand up and use his economics to save the world and the country, and stand by. People who advocate benevolence lately, look at such a person, can you say he is benevolent?Confucius said, this is wrong and cannot be called benevolence.Confucius was deflated now.Yang Huo asked the second question to Confucius, saying that a person has ideas, methods, great talents, and can do things for the country, but every time he loses the opportunity to do things, he doesn’t even want the opportunity to come to him. Tell me about it, Confucius , Is this person considered wise?Confucius said, this is not right.

On the second question, Confucius was deflated again.It can be seen that Yang Huo is a great politician. He did not directly say that Confucius was wrong, but only raised these two questions.After Confucius replied, he said to Confucius that the sun and the moon are constantly revolving, and time passes quickly; people are getting old day by day, and when they grow old, they will lose energy when they want to save the world , the years can never stop at the young stage.So Confucius said, yes!I'm about to go out and do something.It can be said that Confucius was forced to do nothing by Yang Huo, as if he was driven to a dead end.This is the famous story of Confucius seeing positive goods.

However, was Confucius really forced out by him?This is the origin of Confucius' determination of his own life.If Confucius had nodded at that time, he could have come out to join forces with the bad guys, had what he wanted, had power if he wanted power, and had wealth if he wanted wealth, but Confucius would never have come out. position must be clarified.So I borrowed Xin Jiaxuan's famous sentence "The source is never complete" to make some questions first. Secondly, when we see this approach, we want to use it as a reference. We see many friends with very stubborn and noble personalities, but such personalities are often too sharp, which not only hurts others, but also hurts themselves.Just look at Confucius, in this kind of place, encountering the situation of Yanghuo, this is Confucius' attitude, and it is also Confucius' way of dealing with people and dealing with the world. The words of Confucius are recorded below.So I said, on the surface, it seems to be a mess of records, unrelated to each other.According to the method of our study, its content is coherent. The editing of this book by Confucius' students is not like meeting minutes or conversation records, but a kind of coherent editing.The following two sentences originally seemed to have nothing to do with the matter of Yanghuo, but now that we understand his method, we can see that the following words are the annotations for the matter of Yangdai. with Confucius Confucius said: Sexuality is similar, but habits are far away. As mentioned before, to understand Chinese culture, the two books "Thousand Characters" and "Thousand Characters" are very important.An American studied with me for a year, and then wrote a book about it in English, which was applied in various universities in the United States.This American friend said that we are too old to promote cultural exchanges between China and the West, and we should cultivate the next generation, so he took my youngest child, who was only twelve years old, with me.But I come back every summer vacation to learn calligraphy and read Chinese Four Books and Five Classics.I have already finished high school in the United States. I recently wrote a letter and told me that I read "Thousand Characters" after school in the United States. He said that the more he reads, the more he agrees with the truth. And asked me to give a special explanation to the two sentences "similar in nature, far away in learning".These two sentences come from, so let’s not underestimate it. Our generation has read this book from the very beginning. Whether the current students can fully explain this book is still a problem.I always agree that children should recite this book after school, and when they grow up, take it out, every bit of it will be useful. "Sex is similar, habits are far." These two sentences, on the surface, explain people's psychology.Although there are similarities in the nature of human beings, their development directions are different.It can be seen from the aspect of education that the current grouping method of university joint admissions is really a big problem. Some people don’t know the real content of each department at all, and they don’t know their own aptitude before the exam. Only then did I realize that I was not suitable for this department.This is a waste of talent.Now the so-called sexual orientation, not sex. "Sex is similar, habits are far." People are similar in nature, but they have different interests and habits.For example, a person's personality insists that he doesn't like this kind of thing, but he is forced to pull him into this kind of work. In terms of work, if you get used to it slowly, you will be farther and farther away from your original personality interests.This is still a superficial explanation. According to this statement, it is used as an explanation for Confucius' meeting with Yanghuo, which is equivalent to using Confucius' words to make a statement.Everyone has different interests and habits. There is no way to communicate with the society of this era, and they are not affected by the environment of the era. They always stand aloof and independent. This is the principle of "nature is close" and "Xi is far".This kind of self-cultivation is hard to come by, which is linked to the above description.In addition, if we study these two sentences separately, the problem is very big.It is Confucius who talked about the metaphysical way.What is meant by "near sex" and "distance between Xi Jinping"?The word "nature" can also be said to refer to human nature in modern philosophical thinking.What is human nature?is a problem.According to Chinese culture, the words of Confucius are used, "At the beginning of human beings, nature is good." That is to say, human beings are originally good, and there are no bad people.We have already mentioned the issue of good nature and evil nature.The sex that Confucius talked about here is the acquired nature with life, but the innate nature at the infant stage is still close to the innate nature, which is always good. "Learn to be far away from each other", as soon as the habit is added later, it becomes more and more far away from the natural nature.Looking at the facts, each of us has a personality that is inherently kind, but habits can easily learn to be bad.This habit is very important to people, and the environment will change people, so in terms of educational thinking, we must pay special attention to these six words. "Sex is similar, but habits are far." After people get used to it, the farther away they are from their original kindness and purity, the more they have more and more hobbies.Therefore, regarding self-cultivation, no matter what you do, or even your appearance, there are very few people who are rich enough to have tens of millions of dollars, but they can keep the original simplicity.This is the principle of learning and requires a high degree of self-cultivation.Often the nature is close to the Tao, and the habit is getting worse and worse, making oneself farther away from the Tao. This should be noticed.therefore: The Master said: Only the wise at the top and the foolish at the bottom are inseparable. This is what it means to connect to the above. The above refers to the similarity of sex. The average person does not have a basic central idea, and is easily affected by the environment. Xiayu, the stupidest person, will not be affected by the environment.The smartest people have their own thoughts, insights, and central ideas; the stupidest people can't influence him.In addition, the world is full of people like us. Worst of all, they are smart and stupid, smart and stupid, and smart and stupid. This type of people is most susceptible to the influence of the environment of the times.Like my hometown, some poor families closest to the seaside pick up some of the worst cockles and dried sweet potatoes on the beach all year round, add some salt, and drink porridge.Once, such a poor man said that if one day he became rich, he would have to eat dried tofu like that of someone's house for every meal.His desire is so great that no matter how good it is, he can't stand it. This can also be said to be "only the wise and the foolish are the same."One day some country bumpkins came, and I treated them to good foreign chocolate candies. After they left, I found a lot of chocolate candies under the tables and chairs. Finding out that I was wrong again, this is also the principle of "the superior is wise and the inferior is foolish".So there is a philosophy in it: the truly first-class intelligent people are the most stupid people in the world; the truly extremely stupid people are the first-class smart people.This statement seems contradictory on the surface, but if you study it carefully, you will understand it. Therefore, people don’t need to play tricks on smart people. If they like to play tricks on smart people, they still fail in the end. At the same time, we can also see that putting the above two items here, as the conclusion of Confucius's encounter with a man, is a very good explanation, which is equivalent to explaining for Confucius himself.A person's origin is very important, and he must never be influenced by the environment, and he must never be tempted by external power and interests to change his original intention, and he must always be "certain and inextricable". In Wucheng of the son, hearing the sound of stringed songs, the master smiled and said: "How can you use a bull knife to cut chickens?"Ziyou said to him: In the past, Yan also heard that the masters said: "A gentleman who learns the way loves others, and a villain who learns the way is easy to use." The son said: two or three sons!Yan's words are true, the ear of the foreword! Wucheng is a place name, where Ziyou, a student of Confucius, was the head.Once Confucius went there and heard the sound of stringed songs.This is Confucius' advanced method of educating students, but Ziyou used this high level of cultural rituals and music to educate the common people.Confucius grinned and said with a smile that was bigger than a smile, Ziyou is so funny, in such a small place, this kind of high-level education is used to educate the common people.It's like killing a chicken and using a sledgehammer, it's too much of a fuss!Someone told Ziyou about this, and Ziyou immediately became rude to Confucius, and immediately came to question Confucius and said, "Teacher, didn't you often tell us before that knowledgeable and superior people want to learn, and after learning the Tao, you can expand your benevolent heart." minded, more able Lovers; low-energy little people need education and learning the Tao even more, because the low-level people understand the truth after learning the Tao, and it is more convenient to command, and they are even more afraid of not knowing the truth.This is the purpose of education. It is better for the first-class minds to be educated, and for the inferior people to be educated, which is good for themselves and good for others.You taught me this word!Today I come out to be the head of the local area, the king, the relative, and the teacher. I should educate them!After hearing this, Confucius immediately retracted what he had just said, and told the other students around him, listen carefully, Ziyou's words are correct, I was joking just now.Confucius was really wrong this time.We don't have to shape Confucius so well like the ancients, Confucius was also a human being, and sometimes he would tell a joke.Or there are times when speaking without going through the brain.From this, it can be seen that their teachers and students talk about everything, what the teacher is right is right, and what is wrong is returned to him. This paragraph is put here, it is a wave on the article, and it is also related to the section "Yanghuo", how can it be related?At this time, Confucius himself did not need to come out. He trained the next generation, and only hoped that his class of students could make a difference and contribute to society and the times.So in this place we can see the intention of the editor of this article. Putting Ziyou out as the head of the local administration here shows that Confucius does not need to come out by himself, but is he really unwilling to come out?Otherwise, it is a question of provenance.Here comes the following question! Confucius and Zilu Sing Double Reeds Gongshanfu harassed and called, and his son wanted to go.Zilu didn't say anything, but said: "It's the end of the day, so why bother with the Gongshan family?"The Master said: Is it in vain for my husband to call me?If it is useful to me, I will be the Eastern Zhou Dynasty! Gongshan Fuchao is a person, Gongshan is a surname, Fuchao is a given name, and Fei is a place name.Gongshan Fuxuan rebelled in Fei and became independent.At this time, the third brother of the Ji family in the state of Lu was very powerful, and Ji Huanzi's subordinates rebelled again.At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, various rebellions occurred, and society was in great chaos.After Gongshan Fuxuan's rebellion, people came to ask Confucius to help him. It was said that Confucius was going to go, and Zilu was very unhappy.We knew that Zilu had been unhappy with his teacher several times, and this time he was very unhappy again.The relationship between their teachers and students is so good, and they understand each other so well.This time Zilu said: "The end is over." (Some people say that the word "end" is wrongly printed in ancient books. It should be the word "wei". The word "zhi" means to.) Teacher, do you have nowhere to go?Where can't I go?Gongshan Furai is such a rebellious and despised person, do you still want to go to him?Confucius said, he wanted to invite me, and I didn't take the initiative. If someone is willing to use my words and listen to me, "I am the Eastern Zhou!" There are two explanations for this sentence. One is that Confucius said, I It is possible to restore this era and still support the Eastern Zhou Dynasty; first, the culture of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty can re-emerge in this place.Did Confucius actually go there?Zilu lost his temper. It wasn't that Zilu was blocking him. He was trying to tease the students that he wanted to go, but in fact, he would never go.But Zilu is more Straightforward, I thought Confucius was really going.This has happened several times. As mentioned in the above discussion, once Confucius said he wanted to go abroad, Zilu immediately followed him.This time, Zilu also jumped when he heard it, and immediately objected to the teacher.Why did I say that Confucius would not go?And look at the next paragraph decomposition: Zi Zhang asked about benevolence in Confucius.Confucius said: Those who can do the five things in the world are benevolent.Please ask.Said: Gong, Kuan, Xin, Min, Hui.Respect does not insult, generosity wins people, trust makes people let go, sensitivity makes merit, and kindness is enough to make people. This paragraph is the reason why Confucius would not go, especially for those who did not gain political power through the righteous way, he would not pay attention to it.Zizhang asked about benevolence, and Confucius was talking about the role of benevolence.He said that if all five conditions are met, it can be called benevolence.Zi Zhang asked which five conditions?Confucius said: Gong, Kuan, Xin, Min, Hui.In ancient Chinese, these five words are very simple. In today's terms, they are five principles, five goals or rules.The first congratulations.One must strictly control one's inner thoughts and external behavior, especially for a leader, the management of oneself is particularly important.The second wide.To be lenient to people, the so-called magnanimity, is to tolerate all the shortcomings and small faults of subordinates and friends.The third letter.Can trust people and have self-confidence.The fourth Min.It's smart, agile, and quick to respond.The fifth benefit, which is more important, is favor. In today's terms, the implementation of the social welfare system is a kind of favor, but don't regard welfare as all benefits.Treat people with true affection, treat young people as your brothers and children, and treat older people as your elders, not tricks, but sincere sincerity.These are the five basic conditions for being a person and doing things. If you can do it, it will be useful to do things in any world. The reason Confucius said below, he said that if a person can manage himself seriously, he will neither bully others nor invite insults himself.If you can treat others generously, your subordinates will naturally support you.Anyone who believes in self-confidence can use it.If you deal with things with a clear mind and quick response, you will easily have merit.Finally, the most important thing is that there must be genuine and sincere feelings between people, so that they can get along with each other and create business together. Let me talk about another person, you can see the politics of Lu at that time, and it also reflects the chaos in each country during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods: The Buddha's 肸 (Buddha's sound is Bi, the sound of 肸 is fine) calls, and the son wants to go.Zilu said: In the past, you also heard that the masters said: "If you are close to someone who is not good, a gentleman will not enter."Confucius said: Yes, there are words.Don't you say it's firm?Grinding without phosphorus, isn't it white?Nirvana but not black.How can I paw melons?How can we tie it and not eat it! Foxi is a name of a person, and he was also a traitor. He also invited Confucius to go. Confucius was about to go, but Zilu objected.He said, "Teacher, those who you educated us in the past, who were trained by the state and officials, and who did many wrong things as a result, should not come and go, and they would not go to places under their jurisdiction.However, the Buddha rebelled in Zhongmou and became independent, but now you want to go to such a place, what is the reason for this?Confucius said, yes, there is such a reason.But do you know?A very solid stone, like a diamond, it will not break whatever you want to grind it.A piece of truly flawless jade cannot be stained black no matter what.These two words of Confucius are telling Zilu that if a person has true connotation, he will always be able to stand up in any environment and in any era.Confucius also said that I can't hang on the tree forever like that gourd, and don't give it to people to eat.This is because he was joking with Zilu, that is to say, he told Zilu that he just said he would go, but in fact he would not go.In other words, assuming that it is really going, then it can stand up in any environment and establish something, and it has the intention to save this era. It cannot be hung on a tree forever and only be used as a sample for people like a watermelon. Just general appreciation. After these few paragraphs, we will understand this one, which mainly talks about the origin of human beings. The disciples of Confucius used Confucius' own experience to illustrate this truth.The following is the play of this principle, and it is not easy to complete a personality based on the source. Pros and cons The Master said: "Yu Ye, is it true that a woman has heard six words and six words?"Confrontation: "Not yet."Home!My language girl: If you love benevolence but don't learn, it's also stupid.It's easy to know but hard to learn, and its cover is also swaying.Good faith is not easy to learn, and its cover is also a thief.Straightforward is hard to learn, and its concealment is also twisted.If you are brave but don't learn, its concealment is also chaotic.It's just hard to learn, and it's also crazy. This passage is not necessarily what Zilu told Zilu immediately after he asked Confucius, but he usually educates Zilu. The editor arranged these passages together to create a system of thought so that we can see it more clearly.So here is Confucius asking Zilu, have you heard six sentences, that is, six major principles, but also six major problems?Zilu said, I have never heard of it.Then Confucius solemnly said to Zilu, stand still, and let me tell you that although benevolence is good, it is so good that it becomes a bad person without the cultivation of real knowledge, and it is difficult to distinguish between right and wrong, good and evil. The problem of this kind of good person is to change. Be a big fool.There are many people who are very good, kind and loving, but Confucianism emphasizes benevolence and Buddhism emphasizes compassion. Blind compassion is not right. The so-called "compassion creates harm, and it is easy to get dirty." It should not be too convenient, just like the education of our children , and even self-cultivation is the same.Kindness is very important, but from life experience, sometimes we help a person out of kindness, and as a result, many things harm the person being helped.This is the principle of education, telling us that it is really difficult to be a human being and do things.Kind-hearted people may not be able to do things. Kind-hearted and kind-hearted people do not have enough knowledge and talent. To cheat is to be stupid, and it is even worse if you are stupid and use it for yourself.So pay attention to your own knowledge and self-cultivation, and observe clearly to your friends and subordinates. Sometimes it seems that you are not kind to someone on the surface, but in fact it is helpful to this person.So when you do things, the older you get, the more fearful you become. Sometimes you don’t even know what to do. This requires wisdom and learning. This is the first point. The second point: Confucius said that there are many people who are very knowledgeable and not eager to learn. Self-cultivation.) Its abuse is debauchery.If you are knowledgeable, you will be very dissolute and willful. For example, "celebrities are very unrestrained", that is debauchery.Those who are too knowledgeable, look down on others, are more capable in everything than others, have high talents, and have no real core cultivation. This kind of person is sloppy, and they are not self-disciplined enough. There are many people in this category. The third point: "Good faith is not easy to learn, and its concealment is also a thief." Here comes the question, which "faith" does this "faith" refer to?If it refers to the letter of credit, it is not good to have faith in people's words?If you are good at believing but not learning, you are a thief—a ghost, how can this be explained?How can he be so ghostly when he is trustworthy in everything he does to people and things?The "belief" here has at least two meanings: self-confidence and trust.Excessive self-confidence, sometimes something goes wrong, because of over-confidence, you will like to use means, think that you have a way, the result of this "method" is to harm yourself, this is "hidden and thief". The fourth point is "it's hard to learn straight, and it's also twisted." It's like twisting a rope, if it is too tight, it will break.A person is too straight until he has no self-cultivation and cannot keep a bit of it. It is hard to learn, without self-cultivation, and his flaws will be broken and troubled.A quick-tempered person will mess things up, and a lazy and lazy person will mess things up. Strictly speaking, it's better to mess things up than to mess things up.Therefore, people with a straight personality have to reflect on the other side. If they don't work hard on the other side, they will easily get into trouble. The fifth point is "to be brave and not to learn, and it is also chaotic." With a big temper, he beats people at every turn, and then he does it, and then he kills it. This is brave. The sixth point is "it's hard to learn, but it's also crazy." It means speaking directly and being open-minded, which seems to be similar to the fourth point. Straightforward people tell the truth and have a straight heart, the so-called one-hearted.A rigid person blushes when he moves, and an upright person will never turn a corner, and will never change his mind.If a person with a strong personality is not eager to learn, his problem will be arrogance and indifference. Special attention should be paid to these six points. Everyone can write the original text of this verse in a notebook or on a desk, and use it to reflect on themselves at any time, as a mirror.These six points are also the classification of human personality, and there are people with these six personalities.These six personalities are not bad things, but without the cultivation of real connotation, they will all become bad things. Everyone has different personality strengths, whether they are benevolent, or knowledgeable, or trustworthy, or straightforward, or brave, or just, but no matter which Personality, Confucius told us, the main thing is to have connotation and real self-cultivation, and the truth of learning lies in this place.The most difficult thing is to know yourself, then conquer yourself, and change yourself.But be careful not to change completely, otherwise there will be no individuality, no "I", and everyone must have a detached and independent "I".Everyone has his strengths and weaknesses. A person's strengths are also his weaknesses, and his weaknesses are also his strengths. Strengths and weaknesses are the same thing. Improper use is a weakness, and neutralization is a strength. This requires special attention.The same is true for teaching subordinates and children. You must recognize your sexual orientation. A person who is naturally introverted cannot be asked to do bold things, and a person who is naturally bold cannot be asked to sit in an office.You need to know his strengths, tell him, and help him develop them.This passage of Confucius, especially brought up to tell Zilu, is really an opportunity to teach.Six words and six concealments, on the other hand, there are twelve types of typical aptitudes. In fact, each of us possesses the factors of knowledge, benevolence, courage, trustworthiness, straightforwardness, and rigidity, but we must cultivate them carefully from these places. This is knowledge. way. Speaking of self-cultivation, Confucius mentioned poetry again: On Poetry The master said: boy, why don't you learn husband's poetry?Poetry can be prospered, seen, grouped, and complained. Those who are near are related to the father, and those who are far away are related to the king. They are mostly known by the names of birds, beasts, grasses, and trees. In this place, Confucius said that he must read poetry when he talked about learning and self-cultivation. That is to say, we often mentioned that ancient Chinese culture did not put religion in such an important position as Western culture. Ancient Chinese culture focused on the literary realm of poetry. There are religious emotions, but also philosophical sentiments. Ancient poetry includes the entire literature and art we are talking about today. Therefore, Confucius told the students that in terms of cultivation, pay more attention to the cultivation of literature. Let us turn to history. Ancient China All civil servants and military generals in China have basic cultivation in literature. From the perspective of official history, Guan Yu is an expert in the study of "Spring and Autumn"; Yue Fei and others are very knowledgeable and have their literary realm.It is good for retired friends to take this route. Otherwise, they will study religion. The most fearful thing is that they are retired people who do not have a little inner self-cultivation and have no life other than work. It is very pitiful, so learning an art is fine. It is very important to have your own spiritual world. So Confucius said, you young people, why don't you study poetry? Poetry "can be happy", and happiness is to dispel emotions. Sometimes human emotions are very painful. There are many troubles in life, which cannot be said to parents, wives, children, and friends. If you have a literary or artistic realm, otherwise, you can write. Brush calligraphy, scribbling for a while, also draws away the grievances, painting is good, poetry is better, so poetry can flourish.This interest is interest, which is the display of all emotions. "It can be seen" can get a lot of truth and inspiration from the poem.For my own poems, I can also see the line of my thoughts and emotions.Looking at a person's work, you can roughly determine the author's personality.说写字吧，过去就名为“心画”，同样的毛笔，一万人写同样的字帖，可是一万人写出来的都不同。所以中国人看毛笔字，可以知道写字者的个性，寿命的长短，前途的祸福，现在发现钢笔字、铅笔字一样可以看出人的个性。 “观”就是这个道理，从作品中可以了解人。 “可以群”，也可以合群，自己调整心境，朋友之间、社会之间，可以敬业乐群而不孤立，所谓以文会友。 “可以怨”，这很明显的，有了文学的修养，可以发牢骚了，有时心里的苦闷没有办法发出来，压制在里面，慢慢变成病。脾气大的人、情绪不好的人，心里很多痛苦压制下去，往往得肝病、精神病，所以须要修养，可是修养并不是压制，是自己疏导，不能疏导也不行，人的牢骚往哪里发？会作诗就可以发牢骚了。有文学艺术修养，在文学艺术境界上可以把牢骚发泄掉。 “迩之事父”，近一点可以孝顺父母。怎样孝顺？有艺术修养，侍奉父母，则有乐观态度。 “远之事君”，远大一点可以对国家社会有贡献。 最后一句话，因为喜欢在文学方面多研究，喜欢诗词，就“多识于鸟、兽、草、木之名。”知识渊博了，等于学了现在的“博物”这一科，什么都知道了。我们要知道，孔子的时代，工具书是绝对没有的，就靠一些诗才知道。工具书从唐宋以后才有编辑；《辞源》、《辞海》是民国时代，根据《渊鉴类涵》、《佩文韵府》这些类书编的，而这类书都是后世才有。例如汉代左思作《三都赋》，花了十年的时间，并非是文章难作，而是当时没有类书。所谓虫鱼鸟兽、人物等等，资料难以收集，何况远在春秋时代。孔子当时所以特别提倡学诗，也是为了获得各种各样知识。这是孔子教学生们一定要学诗的道理。 面壁而立的悲叹 子谓伯鱼曰：女为周南召南矣乎？人而不为周南召南，其犹正墙而立也与！ 《周南》、《召南》是诗经中《国风》的两篇诗。孔子告诉他的儿子伯鱼说，你有没有研究过这两篇诗？为什么要研究？就是上面说的一些大道理，诗有这样多好处。他说一个人知识不渊博，文学修养不到最高的境界，等于正面对着墙壁而立，墙外面什么也看不见，背后有什么更看不见，就是文盲、白痴了。 说到这里，可以介绍很多东西的，就讲文学境界中诗的牢骚，随便举个例子：宋代爱国诗人陆放翁的诗，就有很多牢骚，对国家世事很多忧虑，爱国热情无法发挥，在他的诗集文集里，可以看到很多；岳飞的有限遗著中也有很多牢骚；再说文天祥的诗词中，也看到很多牢骚。不论古今中外，每个时代，人生的痛苦，尤其想有所贡献于国家社会的人，所遭遇的痛苦，比普通人更大更多，多半见之于诗词之中。前面提到的辛稼轩，他有一阕有名的词，仅举半阕，就看出他有多少的痛苦与牢骚；“追往事，叹今吾，春风不染白髭须，却将万字平戎策，换得东邻种树书。”这是下半阕。上半阕是描写他的生平，年轻时壮志凌云的气魄；这里则回想过去，感叹自己，现在老了，头发白了，胡须白了，再没有青春的气息，把自己的白发恢复年轻，回不去了。现在干什么呢？当时南宋不敢起用他，自己住在乡下，他写给南宋的报告，论政治、谈战略，好几篇大文章，如今没有用了，只好拿到隔壁邻居的老农家里，去换种瓜种菜的书。这里面岂不有牢骚？而且牢骚很大，可是他绝不掩盖自己心里的牢骚。他非常平淡，要我贡献就尽量贡献，不需要贡献则不贡献，是牢骚也非常平淡。因为他艺术文学的修养太高，把人生看得很平淡。像这些情感，他的诗词里太多了。看了以后就懂了人生，也懂了历史。古今中外一样，看通了人生，了解了人生，就会更加平淡、更愿贡献给社会。像辛弃疾的一生，所遭遇的打击太大了，照我们现在人的修养，可以造反了。这样一腔爱国的热忱，他带到南宋来的部队，却被解散了，他都受得了，而能淡然处之，虽然怨气填膺，但不像普通人一样动辄乱来，就因为他的目的只在贡献。现在我们举他这个例子，就是说诗可以兴、可以观、可以群、可以怨的道理。 礼乐的基本精神 下面就是结束上面的： 子曰：礼云礼云，玉帛云乎哉？乐云乐云，钟鼓云乎哉？ 孔子动辄教人学礼乐，这个礼并不是普通的礼貌，所以我们强调说它就是文化的精神、文化的哲学。孔子这里说，礼，并不只是送火腿，这是情礼的一点表达而已，主要在文化的精神，乐也并不只是唱歌跳舞，是把人的精神，升华到永远乐观的境界。 这几段连起来，就归到人生出处。第一步站出来要慎重考虑，并不是说有机会就抓，既不随便站出来，则自己立身，作人总要作的，事业可以不做，官可以不做，人总要作的。所以刚才说要知道六言六蔽，要学诗，以及如何才是礼乐，都是教人晓得立身，如何站得住，知道自己如何作人，这些基本修养要做到的。 摆虚架子 子曰：色厉而内荏，警诸小人，其犹穿窬之盗也与！ 这句话在文字上很容易懂。是说有许多人，在外表的态度上非常威风，非常狠，而内心则非常空虚。孔子对这类人下了一个结论，说他们相当于低级的小人，譬如一个小偷一样，在被人抓到时，嘴上非常强硬，而实际上内心非常害怕。孔子这句话所指的是当时——春秋战国时代，许多大人先生们，往往犯了这种变态心理。我们知道，一个人内心没有真正的涵养，就会变成“色厉内荏”，外表蛮不在乎，而内心非常空虚。有时我们反省自己，何尝不会如此？坦白的说，有时生活困难，过 着“穷不到一月，富不到三天”的日子，表面上充阔气，内心里很痛苦，也是“色厉内荏”的一种。其实大可不必这样做法，一个人好就是好，穷就是穷，痛苦就是痛苦，从历史的法则上看，当领导人，更不可这样。 像唐明皇这个人，少年了不起，中年了不起，晚年差一点，也是感觉到手下没有人才。举两件唐代的历史，就可以了解。唐明皇早年用了名宰相张九龄和韩休，都是唐明皇所相当敬畏的人，所以他的初期功业很了不起。对于唐明皇与杨贵妃这一段，后人写历史把责任都推到女人身上，好像唐明皇宠爱了杨贵妃，才一切都完了，这个话并不公平。有些精明的皇帝，宠爱女人的也很多，并不致于像唐明皇一样，所以问题还是在皇帝本人。唐明皇在他宗族的排行，是老三，所以浑名也叫李三郎。他有时候作了一点错事，马上问旁边的人，韩休会不会知道。往往他的担心还没有完，韩休的谏议意见书就到了。旁边的人说，你用了韩休以后瘦多了。唐明皇说，没关系，瘦了我，肥了天下就好。后来他宠爱了杨贵妃姊妹，又喜欢打球、唱戏，也可以说是心理空虚，找刺激。 但这事是在唐明皇中年以后，所以晁无咎有诗“阊阖千门万户开，三郎沉醉打毯回，九龄已老韩休死，无复明朝谏疏来。”这是替唐明皇讲出了无限的痛苦，在安禄山叛乱以前的这一段时期，他的政府中人才少了，肯说话的人没有了，张九龄、韩休都过去了，没有敢对他提反对意见的人。唐明皇遭安禄山之乱，逃难到了四川的边境，相当于后世清代慈禧逃难一样，很狼狈、很可怜，他骑在马上感叹人才的缺乏，便说：现在要想找像李林甫这样的人才都找不到了。而历史上公认李林甫是 唐明皇所用宰相中很坏的一个，说他是奸臣。这是唐明皇感叹连李林甫这种能耐、这种才具的人才都找不到。旁边另一谏议大夫附和说：的确人才难得。唐明皇说：可惜的是李林甫气量太小，容不了好人，度量不宽，也不能提拔人才。这位谏议大夫很惊讶的说：陛下，您都知道了啊！这时唐明皇说：当然我知道，而且早就知道了。谏议大夫说：既然知道，可为什么还用他呢？唐明皇说：我不用他又用谁？比他更能干的又是谁呢？这就是当了主管以后，为了人才难得，有时会感到很痛苦，明知道“色厉内荏”，但是当没有人的时候，比较起来，还是好的。